Final Text
9VAC25-20-10. Definitions.
Unless otherwise defined in this chapter or unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the terms used in this regulation shall have the meanings ascribed to them by the State Water Control Law, §62.1-44.3; the board''s Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit Regulation, 9VAC25-31-10; the board''s Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit Regulation, 9VAC25-32-10; the board''s Virginia Water Protection Permit Program Regulation, 9VAC25-210-10; the board''s Surface Water Management Area Regulation, 9VAC25-220-10; and the board''s Ground Water Withdrawal Regulations, 9VAC25-610-10, including any general permits issued thereunder.
"Applicant" means for the purposes of this chapter any person filing an application for issuance, reissuance, or modification, except as exempted by 9VAC25-20-50, of a permit, certificate or special exception or filing a registration statement or application for coverage under a general permit issued in response to Chapters 3.1 (§62.1-44.2 et seq.), 24 (§62.1-242 et seq.), and 25 (§62.1-254 et seq.) of Title 62.1 of the Code of Virginia.
"Application" means for the purposes of this chapter the forms approved by the State Water Control Board for applying for issuance or reissuance of a permit, certificate or special exception or for filing a registration statement or application for coverage under a general permit issued in response to Chapters 3.1, 24, and 25 of Title 62.1 of the Code of Virginia. In the case of modifications to an existing permit, permit authorization, certificate or special exception requested by the permit, permit authorization, certificate or special exception holder and not exempted by 9VAC25-20-50, the application shall consist of the formal written request and any accompanying documentation submitted by the permit, permit authorization, certificate or special exception holder to initiate the modification.
"Biosolids" means a sewage sludge that has received an established treatment for required pathogen control and is treated or managed to reduce vector attraction to a satisfactory level and contains acceptable levels of pollutants, such that it is acceptable for use for land application, marketing or distribution in accordance with 9VAC25-31 or 9VAC25-32.
"Dry tons" means dry weight established as representative of land applied biosolids and expressed in units of English tons.
"Existing permit" means for the purposes of this chapter a permit, permit authorization, certificate or special exception issued by the board and currently held by an applicant.
"Established fees" means a fee established by the department per dry ton of biosolids managed by land appliers.
"Land application" means the distribution of either treated wastewater of acceptable quality, referred to as effluent, or stabilized sewage sludge of acceptable quality, referred to as biosolids, upon, or insertion into, the land with a uniform application rate for the purpose of utilization, or assimilation. Bulk disposal of stabilized sludge in a confined area, such as in landfills, is not land application. Sites approved for land application of biosolids in accordance with 9VAC25-31 or 9VAC25-32 are not to be considered to be treatment works.
"Land applier" means someone who land applies biosolids pursuant to a valid permit from the department as set forth in 9VAC25-31 or 9VAC25-32.
"Local monitor" means a person or persons employed by local government to perform the duties of monitoring the operations of land appliers pursuant to a local ordinance.
"Major modification" means for the purposes of this chapter modification or amendment of an existing permit, permit authorization, certificate or special exception before its expiration which is not a minor modification as defined in this regulation.
"Major reservoir" means for the purposes of this chapter any new or expanded reservoir with greater than or equal to 17 acres of total surface water impacts (stream and wetlands), or a water withdrawal of greater than or equal to 3,000,000 gallons in any one day.
"Minor modification" means for the purposes of this chapter minor modification or amendment of an existing permit, permit authorization, certificate or special exception before its expiration as specified in 9VAC25-31-400, 9VAC25-32-240, 9VAC25-210-210, 9VAC25-220-230, or in 9VAC25-610-330. Minor modification for the purposes of this chapter also means other modifications and amendments not requiring extensive review and evaluation including, but not limited to, changes in EPA promulgated test protocols, increasing monitoring frequency requirements, changes in sampling locations, and changes to compliance dates within the overall compliance schedules. A minor permit modification or amendment does not substantially alter permit conditions, substantially increase or decrease the amount of surface water impacts, increase the size of the operation, or reduce the capacity of the facility to protect human health or the environment.
"Minor reservoir" means for the purposes of this chapter any new or expanded reservoir with less than 17 acres of total surface water impacts (stream and wetlands), or a water withdrawal of less than 3,000,000 gallons in any one day.
"New permit" means for the purposes of this chapter a permit, permit authorization, certificate or special exception issued by the board to an applicant that does not currently hold and has never held a permit, permit authorization, certificate or special exception of that type, for that activity, at that location.
"Reimbursement application" means forms approved by the department to be used to apply for reimbursement of local monitoring costs for land application of biosolids in accordance with the provisions of this regulation. The application shall consist of a formal written request and any accompanying documentation submitted by a local government in accordance with a local ordinance.
"Revoked permit" means for the purposes of this chapter an existing permit, permit authorization, certificate or special exception which is terminated by the board before its expiration.
"Single jurisdiction" means for the purposes of this chapter a single county or city. The term county includes incorporated towns which are part of the county.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15:6 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-01-01 §1.1, eff. July 1, 1993; amended, Virginia Register Volume 19, Issue 18, eff. July 1, 2003.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2004; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-20-20. Purpose.
Section 62.1-44.15:6 of the Code of Virginia requires the promulgation of regulations establishing a fee assessment and collection system to recover a portion of the State Water Control Board''s, Department of Game and Inland Fisheries'', and the Department of Conservation and Recreation''s direct and indirect costs associated with the processing of an application to issue, reissue, or modify any permit, permit authorization or certificate which the board has the authority to issue from the applicant for such permit, permit authorization or certificate. Section 62.1-44.19:3 of the Code of Virginia requires the promulgation of regulations establishing a fee to be charged to all permit holders and persons applying for permits and permit modifications associated with land application of sewage sludge. Section 62.1-44.19:3 of the Code of Virginia also requires the promulgation of regulations requiring the payment of a fee by persons land applying sewage sludge. These regulations establish the required fee assessment and collection system.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15:6 and 62.1-44.19:3 of the Code
of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-01-01 §1.2, eff. July 1, 1993.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2004; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-20-30. Authority. (Repealed.)
The authority for this chapter is pursuant to
§§62.1-44.15(7) and (10) and 62.1-44.15:6 of the Code of Virginia.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15:6 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-01-01 §1.3, eff. July 1, 1993.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2004; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-20-40. Applicability.
A. This chapter applies to:
1. All applicants for issuance of a new permit, permit authorization or certificate, or reissuance of an existing permit, permit authorization or certificate, except as specifically exempt under 9VAC25-20-50 A. The fee due shall be as specified under 9VAC25-20-110 or 9VAC25-20-130.
2. All permit, permit authorization or certificate holders who request that an existing permit, permit authorization or certificate be modified, except as specifically exempt under 9VAC25-20-50 A 3 or 9VAC25-20-50 A 6. The fee due shall be as specified under 9VAC25-20-120.
3. All land appliers land applying biosolids on permitted sites in the Commonwealth of Virginia, except as specifically exempt under 9VAC25-20-50 C. The fee due shall be as specified under 9VAC25-20-146.
B. An applicant for a permit, permit authorization or certificate involving a permit that is to be revoked and reissued shall be considered an applicant for a new permit. The fee due shall be as specified under 9VAC25-20-110.
C. Permit maintenance fees apply to each Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) permit holder and each Virginia Pollution Abatement (VPA) permit holder, except those specifically exempt under 9VAC25-20-50 B of this chapter. The fee due shall be as specified under 9VAC25-20-142.
D. Virginia Water Protection (VWP) Individual/Minimum Instream Flow permit fees apply to any permit for the construction of an intake on a stream or river, or to any permit for the construction of a new intake on an existing reservoir. The fee due shall be as specified under 9VAC25-20-110 or 9VAC25-20-120, as applicable.
E. VWP Individual/Reservoir permit fees apply to any permit for the construction of a new reservoir, or the expansion of an existing reservoir in which one of the purposes of the reservoir is for water supply. The fee due shall be as specified under 9VAC25-20-110 or 9VAC25-20-120, as applicable. VWP Individual/Reservoir permit fees do not apply to the construction of any impoundment, pond or lake in which water supply is not part of the project''s purpose.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15:6 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-01-01 §1.4, eff. July 1, 1993.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2004; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-20-50. Exemptions.
A. No permit application fees will be assessed to:
1. An applicant for a permit, permit authorization, certificate or special exception pertaining to a farming operation engaged in production for market.
2. An applicant for a permit, permit authorization, or certificate pertaining to maintenance dredging for federal navigation channels or other U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-sponsored dredging projects.
3. Permit holders who request minor modifications or minor amendments to permits, permit authorizations or certificates as defined in 9VAC25-20-10.
4. Permit, permit authorization or certificate holders whose permits, permit authorizations or certificates are modified or amended at the initiative of the board.
5. VPDES permit holders or VPA permit holders for the regularly scheduled renewal of an individual permit for an existing facility, except VPDES and VPA permit holders whose permits expire on or before December 27, 2004.
6. An applicant for a permit, permit authorization, permit modification, or certificate pertaining solely to biosolids research.
B. No permit maintenance fees will be assessed to:
1. VPDES and VPA facilities operating under a general permit.
2. Permits pertaining to a farming operation engaged in production for market.
3. Virginia Water Protection (VWP), Surface Water Withdrawal (SWW), and Ground Water Withdrawal (GWW) permits, permit authorizations, certificates and special exceptions.
4. Permits pertaining solely to biosolids research.
C. No fee shall be imposed on the land application of materials classified as "exceptional quality biosolids" or the equivalent thereof, as defined by 9VAC25-32.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15:6 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-01-01 §1.5, eff. July 1, 1993.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2004; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
Part II
Payment, Deposits and Use of Fees
9VAC25-20-60. Due dates.
A. Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) and Virginia Pollution Abatement (VPA) permits.
1. Application fees for all new permit applications are due on the day an application is submitted and shall be paid in accordance with 9VAC25-20-70 A. Applications will not be processed without payment of the required fee.
2. For reissuance of permits that expire on or before December 27, 2004, the application fee for new permit applications as set forth in this regulation is due on the day the application is submitted.
3. An application fee is due on the day an application is submitted for either a major modification or a permit reissuance that occurs (and becomes effective) before the stated permit expiration date. There is no application fee for a regularly scheduled renewal of an individual permit for an existing facility, unless the permit for the facility expires on or before December 27, 2004. There is no application fee for a major modification or amendment that is made at the board''s initiative.
4. Permit maintenance fees shall be paid to the board by October 1 of each year. Additional permit maintenance fees for facilities in a toxics management program, and for facilities that have more than five process wastewater discharge outfalls at a single facility (not including "internal" outfalls) shall also be paid to the board by October 1 of each year. No permit will be reissued or automatically continued without payment of the required fee.
a. Existing individual permit holders with an effective permit as of July 1, 2004, (including permits that have been administratively continued) shall pay the permit maintenance fee or fees to the board by October 1, 2004, unless one of the following conditions apply:
(1) The permit is terminated prior to October 1, 2004; or
(2) The permit holder applied or reapplied for a municipal minor VPDES permit with a design flow of 10,000 gallons per day or less between July 1, 2003, and July 1, 2004, and paid the applicable permit application fee.
b. Effective April 1, 2005, any permit holder whose permit is effective as of April 1 of a given year (including permits that have been administratively continued) shall pay the permit maintenance fee or fees to the board by October 1 of that same year.
B. Surface Water Withdrawal (SWW), and Ground Water Withdrawal (GWW) permits.
1. All permit application fees are due on the day an application is submitted and shall be paid in accordance with 9VAC25-20-70 A. Applications will not be processed without payment of the required fee. No permit will be automatically continued without payment of the required fee.
2. For reissuance of GWW permits that expire on or before March 27, 2005, the application fee for new permit applications as set forth in this regulation is due on the day the application is submitted.
3. Application fees for major modifications or amendments are due on the day an application is submitted. Applications will not be processed without payment of the required fee. There is no fee for a major modification or amendment that is made at the board''s initiative.
C. Virginia Water Protection (VWP) permits.
1. VWP permit application fees shall be paid in accordance with 9VAC25-20-70 A. Review of applications may be initiated before the fee is received; however, draft permits or authorizations shall not be issued prior to payment of the required fee. No permit or permit authorization shall be automatically continued without payment of the required fee.
2. VWP application fees for major modifications shall be paid in accordance with 9VAC25-20-70 A. Review of applications may be initiated before the fee is received; however, major modifications shall not be issued prior to payment of the required fee. There is no application fee for a major modification that is made at the board''s initiative.
D. Sewage sludge land application fees. Except as specified in this regulation, all fees are due on the day specified by the department. Payment of the fee shall be made by land appliers following notification by the department of the fee due. No permit or modification of an existing permit will be approved in the jurisdiction where payment of the established fee by the land applier has not been received by the due date, until such time that the fees are paid in full. Existing permits may be revoked or approved sources may be reclassified as unapproved unless the required fee is paid within 60 days of the notification by the department of the fee due.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15:6 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-01-01 §2.1, eff. July 1, 1993.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2004; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-20-90. Deposit and use of fees.
A. Sludge Management Fund. All sewage sludge land application fees collected from permit holders who land apply sewage sludge in the Commonwealth of Virginia, and fees collected from permit holders and persons applying for permits and permit modifications pursuant to §62.1-44.19:3 of the Code of Virginia shall be deposited into the Sludge Management Fund established by, and used and accounted for as specified in §62.1-44.19:3 of the Code of Virginia. Payments to the Department of Conservation and Recreation for their costs related to implementation of the sewage sludge land application program and to localities with duly adopted ordinances providing for the testing and monitoring of the land application of sewage sludge will be made from this fund. Fees collected shall be exempt from statewide indirect costs charged and collected by the Department of Accounts and shall not supplant or reduce the general fund appropriation to the department.
B. State Water Control Board Permit Program Fund. All fees collected in response to this chapter and not deposited into the Sludge Management Fund shall be deposited into the State Water Control Board Permit Program Fund established by, and used and accounted for as specified in §62.1-44.15:7 of the Code of Virginia. Payment to the Departments of Conservation and Recreation and Game and Inland Fisheries for permit applications they are required under state law to review will be made from this fund. Fees collected shall be exempt from statewide indirect costs charged and collected by the Department of Accounts.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15:6 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-01-01 §2.4, eff. July 1, 1993; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
Part III
Determination of Fee Amount
9VAC25-20-100. General.
Each application for a new permit, permit authorization or
certificate, each application for reissuance of a permit, permit authorization
or certificate, each application for major modification of a permit, permit
authorization or certificate, and each revocation and reissuance of a
permit, permit authorization or certificate, and each application of a dry
ton of sewage sludge is a separate action and shall be assessed a separate
fee, as applicable. The fees for each type of permit, permit authorization or
certificate that the board has the authority to issue, reissue or modify will
be as specified in this part.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15:6 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-01-01 §3.1, eff. July 1, 1993.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2004; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-20-110. Fee schedules for individual VPDES and VPA new permit issuance, and individual VWP, SWW and GWW new permit issuance and existing permit reissuance.
A. Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) permits. The following fee schedules apply to applications for issuance of a new individual VPDES permit or certificate. (Note: All flows listed in the table below are facility "design" flows.)
|
VPDES Industrial Major |
$24,000 |
VPDES Municipal Major |
$21,300 |
|
VPDES Municipal Major Stormwater/MS4 |
$21,300 |
|
VPDES Industrial Minor/No Standard Limits |
$10,200 |
|
VPDES Industrial Minor/Standard Limits |
$3,300 |
|
VPDES Industrial Stormwater |
$7,200 |
|
VPDES Municipal Minor/Greater Than 100,000 GPD |
$7,500 |
|
VPDES Municipal Minor/ 10,001 GPD- 100,000 GPD |
$6,000 |
|
VPDES Municipal Minor/ 1,001 GPD-10,000 GPD |
$5,400 |
|
VPDES Municipal Minor/1,000 GPD or less |
$2,000 |
|
VPDES Municipal Minor/1,000 GPD or less that includes authorization for land application or land disposal of sewage sludge |
$5,000 |
|
VPDES Municipal Minor Stormwater/MS4 |
$2,000 |
For a new VPDES permit that includes authorization for land application or land disposal of sewage sludge, $5,000 of the fee will be deposited into the Sludge Management Fund.
B. Virginia Pollution Abatement (VPA) permits. The following fee schedules apply to applications for issuance of a new individual VPA permit or certificate. (Note: Land application rates listed in the table below are facility "design" rates.)
|
VPA Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation |
(Reserved) |
VPA Intensified Animal Feeding Operation |
(Reserved) |
|
VPA Industrial Wastewater Operation/Land Application of 10 or More Inches Per Year |
$15,000 |
|
VPA Industrial Wastewater Operation/Land Application of Less Than 10 Inches Per Year |
$10,500 |
|
VPA Industrial Sludge Operation |
$7,500 |
|
VPA Municipal Wastewater Operation |
$13,500 |
|
VPA Municipal Sludge Operation |
|
|
All other operations not specified above |
$750 |
C. Virginia Water Protection (VWP) permits. The following fee schedules apply to applications for issuance of a new individual and reissuance of an existing individual VWP permit or certificate. Only one permit application fee shall be assessed per application; for a permit application involving more than one of the operations described below, the governing fee shall be based upon the primary purpose of the proposed activity. (Note: Withdrawal amounts shown in the table below are maximum daily withdrawals.)
|
VWP Individual/Surface Water Impacts (Wetlands, Streams and/or Open Water) |
$2,400 plus $220 for each 4,356 sq. ft. (1/10 acre) (or portion thereof) of incremental impact over 87,120 sq. ft. (two acres) ($60,000 maximum) |
VWP Individual/Minimum Instream Flow - Withdrawals equal to or greater than 3,000,000 gallons on any day |
$25,000 |
|
VWP Individual/Minimum Instream Flow - Withdrawals between 2,000,000 and 2,999,999 gallons on any day |
$20,000 |
|
VWP Individual/Minimum Instream Flow - Withdrawals between 1,000,000 and 1,999,999 gallons on any day |
$15,000 |
|
VWP Individual/Minimum Instream Flow - Withdrawals less than 1,000,000 gallons on any day that do not otherwise qualify for a general VWP permit for water withdrawals |
$10,000 |
|
VWP Individual/Reservoir - Major |
$35,000 |
|
VWP Individual/Reservoir - Minor |
$25,000 |
|
VWP Individual/Nonmetallic Mineral Mining |
$2,400 plus $220 for each 4,356 sq. ft. (1/10 acre) (or portion thereof) of incremental impact over 87,120 sq. ft. (two acres) ($7,500 maximum) |
D. Surface Water Withdrawal (SWW) permits or certificates issued in response to Chapter 24 (§62.1-242 et seq.) of Title 62.1 of the Code of Virginia. The following fee schedules apply to applications for issuance of a new individual, and reissuance of an existing individual SWW permit or certificate.
|
Agricultural withdrawal not exceeding 150 million gallons in any single month |
(Reserved) |
Agricultural withdrawal greater than 150 million gallons but less than 300 million gallons in any single month |
(Reserved) |
|
Agricultural withdrawal of 300 million gallons or greater in any single month |
(Reserved) |
|
Surface Water Withdrawal |
$12,000 |
E. Ground Water Withdrawal (GWW) Permits issued in response to Chapter 25 (§62.1-254 et seq.) of Title 62.1 of the Code of Virginia. The following fee schedules apply to applications for issuance of a new individual, and reissuance of an existing individual GWW permit or certificate.
|
Agricultural withdrawal not exceeding 150 million gallons in any single month |
(Reserved) |
Agricultural withdrawal greater than 150 million gallons but less than 300 million gallons in any single month |
(Reserved) |
|
Agricultural withdrawal of 300 million gallons or greater in any single month |
(Reserved) |
|
Ground Water Withdrawal/Initial Permit for an Existing Withdrawal Based Solely on Historic Withdrawals |
$1,200 |
|
Ground Water Withdrawal |
$6,000 |
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-01-01 §3.2, eff. July 1, 1993; amended, Virginia Register Volume 19, Issue 18, eff. July 1, 2003.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2004; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-20-120. Fee schedules for major modification of individual permits or certificates requested by the permit or certificate holder.
The following fee schedules apply to applications for major modification of an individual permit or certificate requested by the permit or certificate holder:
1. Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) permits. The application fees listed in the table below apply to a major modification that occurs (and becomes effective) before the stated permit expiration date. (Note: All flows listed in the table below are facility "design" flows.)
|
VPDES Industrial Major |
$12,000 |
VPDES Municipal Major |
$10,650 |
|
VPDES Municipal Major Stormwater/MS4 |
$5,150 |
|
VPDES Industrial Minor/No Standard Limits |
$5,100 |
|
VPDES Industrial Minor/Standard Limits |
$3,300 |
|
VPDES Industrial Stormwater |
$3,600 |
|
VPDES Municipal Minor/Greater Than 100,000 GPD |
$3,750 |
|
VPDES Municipal Minor/10,001 GPD - 100,000 GPD |
$3,000 |
|
VPDES Municipal Minor/1,001 GPD -10,000 GPD |
$2,700 |
|
VPDES Municipal Minor/1,000 GPD or Less |
$1,000 |
|
VPDES Municipal Minor Stormwater/MS4 |
$1,000 |
The fee for modification of a VPDES permit due to changes relating to authorization for land application or land disposal of sewage sludge shall be $1,000.
2. Virginia Pollution Abatement (VPA) permits. The application fees listed in the table below apply to a major modification that occurs (and becomes effective) before the stated permit expiration date. (Note: Land application rates listed in the table below are facility "design" rates.)
|
VPA Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation |
(Reserved) |
VPA Intensified Animal Feeding Operation |
(Reserved) |
|
VPA Industrial Wastewater Operation/Land Application of 10 or More Inches Per Year |
$7,500 |
|
VPA Industrial Wastewater Operation/Land Application of Less Than 10 Inches Per Year |
$5,250 |
|
VPA Industrial Sludge Operation |
$3,750 |
|
VPA Municipal Wastewater Operation |
$6,750 |
|
VPA Municipal Sludge Operation |
|
|
All other operations not specified above |
$375 |
3. Virginia Water Protection (VWP) permits. (Note: Only one permit application fee shall be assessed per application; for a permit application involving more than one of the operations described below, the governing fee shall be based upon the primary purpose of the proposed activity.)
|
VWP Individual/Surface Water Impacts (Wetlands, Streams and/or Open Water) |
$1,200 plus $110 for each 4,356 sq. ft. (1/10 acre) (or portion thereof) of incremental impact over 87,120 sq. ft. (two acres) ($30,000 maximum) |
VWP Individual/Minimum Instream Flow |
$5,000 |
|
VWP Individual/Reservoir (Major or Minor) |
$12,500 |
|
VWP Individual/Nonmetallic Mineral Mining |
$1,200 plus $110 for each 4,356 sq. ft. (1/10 acre) (or portion thereof) of incremental impact over 87,120 sq. ft. (two acres) ($3,750 maximum) |
4. Surface Water Withdrawal (SWW) permits or certificates issued in response to Chapter 24 (§62.1-242 et seq.) of Title 62.1 of the Code of Virginia.
|
Agricultural withdrawal not exceeding 150 million gallons in any single month |
(Reserved) |
Agricultural withdrawal greater than 150 million gallons but less than 300 million gallons in any single month |
(Reserved) |
|
Agricultural withdrawal of 300 million gallons or greater in any single month |
(Reserved) |
|
Surface Water Withdrawal |
$6,000 |
5. Ground Water Withdrawal (GWW) Permits issued in response to Chapter 25 (§62.1-254 et seq.) of Title 62.1 of the Code of Virginia.
|
Agricultural withdrawal not exceeding 150 million gallons in any single month |
(Reserved) |
Agricultural withdrawal greater than 150 million gallons but less than 300 million gallons in any single month |
(Reserved) |
|
Agricultural withdrawal of 300 million gallons or greater in any single month |
(Reserved) |
|
Ground Water Withdrawal/Initial Permit for an Existing Withdrawal Based Solely on Historic Withdrawals |
$600 |
|
Ground Water Withdrawal |
$3,000 |
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15:6 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-01-01 §3.3, eff. July 1, 1993; amended, Virginia Register Volume 19, Issue 18, eff. July 1, 2003.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2004; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-20-130. Fees for filing registration statements or applications for general permits issued by the board.
The following fees apply to filing of applications or registration statements for all general permits issued by the board, except:
1. The fee for filing a registration statement for coverage under 9VAC25-110 (General VPDES Permit for Domestic Sewage Discharges of Less Than or Equal to 1,000 GPD) is $0.
2. The fee for filing a registration statement for coverage under 9VAC25-120 (General VPDES Permit Regulation for Discharges From Petroleum Contaminated Sites) is $0.
3. The fee for filing an application or registration statement for coverage under a VWP General Permit issued by the board shall be:
|
VWP General/Less Than 4,356 sq. ft. (1/10 acre) of Surface Water Impact (Wetlands, Streams and/or Open Water) |
$0 |
|
VWP General/4,356 sq. ft. to 21,780 sq. ft. (1/10 acre to 1/2 acre) of Surface Water Impact (Wetlands, Streams and/or Open Water) |
$600 |
|
VWP General/21,781 sq. ft. to 43,560 sq. ft. (greater than 1/2 acre to one acre) of Surface Water Impact (Wetlands, Streams and/or Open Water) |
$1,200 |
|
VWP General/43,561 sq. ft. to 87,120 sq. ft. (greater than one acre to two acres) of Surface Water Impact (Wetlands, Streams and/or Open Water) |
$1,200 plus $120 for each 4,356 sq. ft. (1/10 acre) (or portion thereof) of incremental impact over 43,560 sq. ft. (one acre) ($2,400 maximum) |
|
VWP General/Minimum Instream Flow/Reservoir - Water withdrawals and/or pond construction |
$2,400 |
4. VPDES Storm Water General Permits.
a. Except as specified in subdivision 4 b of this section, the fee for filing a registration statement for coverage under a VPDES storm water general permit issued by the board shall be:
|
VPDES General/Industrial Storm Water Management |
$500 |
|
VPDES General/Storm Water Management - Phase I Land Clearing (Large Construction Activity - Sites or common plans of development equal to or greater than 5 acres) |
$500 |
|
VPDES General/Storm Water Management - Phase II Land Clearing (Small Construction Activity - Sites or common plans of development less than 5 acres) |
$300 |
b. Owners of facilities that are covered under the Industrial Activity (VAR5) and Construction Site (VAR10) storm water general permits that expire on June 30, 2004, and who are reapplying for coverage under the new general permits that are effective on July 1, 2004, must submit an application fee of $600 to reapply.
5. Except as specified in subdivisions 1, 2, 3 and 4 of this section, the fee for filing an application or registration statement for coverage under any general permit issued by the board shall be $600.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15:6 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-01-01 §3.4, eff. July 1, 1993; amended, Virginia Register Volume 19, Issue 18, eff. July 1, 2003.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2004; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
Part IV
Sewage Sludge Fees and Reimbursable Costs
9VAC25-20-146. Established fees.
A. Land appliers shall remit the established fees to the department as specified in this regulation. The land appliers shall collect the required fees from the owners of the sewage treatment works and facilities that generate the biosolids. Such works and facilities shall be approved sources of biosolids in accordance with this regulation. Land application shall only include biosolids from approved sources as listed in the land application permit. The established fee shall be imposed on each dry ton of biosolids that is land applied in the Commonwealth of Virginia in accordance with 9VAC25-31 or 9VAC25-32.
B. The amount of the established fee and disbursement are as follows:
1. The fee shall be $7.50 per dry ton of biosolids land applied in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
2. Disbursement of the established fees collected by the department shall be made to reimburse or partially reimburse those counties, cities and towns with duly adopted local ordinances that submit documentation of reimbursable expenses acceptable to the department as provided for in this regulation.
3. Disbursement of the established fees collected by the department shall be made to reimburse the Department of Conservation and Recreation''s costs for implementation of the sewage sludge application program.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-20-147. Records and reports.
A. Records. Permittees shall maintain complete records of the land application activities and amounts of biosolids that they land apply in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Such records shall be maintained by the permittee in a form that is available for inspection by the department for five years after the date of the activity. Records of land application activities shall include the following minimum information:
1. Name of permittee, DEQ permit number and dates of activity.
2. Identification of land application site, including the county where taxes are remitted and permitted site identification name, letters and numbers, as appropriate.
3. The source of biosolids and approximate field area receiving those biosolids.
4. The amount of biosolids applied in dry tons and the method and calculations used to determine the reported value.
5. Dates and type of any interactions with local monitors and names of individuals involved in the interactions.
6. Name of responsible representative of permittee and a statement signed and dated by that representative indicating that the information submitted has been verified by that representative as correctly reported in accordance with this regulation.
B. Reports and notification. The permittee shall submit a monthly report by the 15th day of the month unless another date is specified in the permit in accordance with 9VAC25-32-80 I 4, following the month that land application occurs. That report shall include the recorded information listed in subsection A of this section and present a calculation of the total fee that is required in accordance with this regulation. The submitted report shall include a summary list of the total amount of biosolids applied and the calculated fee based on the land-applied biosolids for each county in which land application occurred in alphabetical order by county.
Statutory Authority
§ 62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-20-148. Reimbursable local monitoring costs.
The following describes the kinds of activities for which expenses may, if reasonable, be submitted for reimbursement:
1. Charges for reviewing the permit to identify potential health and environmental protection issues upon notification by the permittee that operations will be initiated on permitted sites.
2. Charges and expenses, including local travel for site monitoring, inspections, collection and delivery of samples to a nearby laboratory and examination of records.
3. Charges for recordkeeping.
4. Charges for complaint and incident response.
5. Charges for biosolids and soil sample testing costs.
6. Charges for the training of local monitors.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-20-149. Reimbursement of local monitoring costs.
Reimbursement of local monitoring costs deemed reasonable by the department will be made in order of receipt of an acceptable invoice. Such invoices will be reimbursed for reasonable costs up to $2.50, as adjusted, per dry ton of biosolids land applied in a county during the period of time specified in the submitted invoice. If sufficient revenue exists from the fees collected monthly, then invoiced claims exceeding $2.50, as adjusted, per dry ton of biosolids land applied in that county, during the period of time specified in the submitted invoice, may be released for reimbursement of up to $4.00 per dry ton of biosolids land applied in that county during the month that the reimbursable costs were incurred, based on the order of receipt of the invoice.
A. Application. Local government must submit a reimbursement application to request reimbursement from the department. All information is to be clearly typed or printed and all required or supporting documents must be attached. The county administrator or designated local biosolids monitor shall sign and date the application where indicated. The original signed application with one copy of each of the supporting documents is to be forwarded to the department. Applications may not be submitted by facsimile or through electronic means. A reimbursement invoice form as described in this regulation must be completed before a reimbursement application can be submitted. The invoice form must include all expenses for which reimbursement is requested during the designated time period.
B. Application forms and submittal. The application for reimbursement must be submitted within 30 days of the last day of the month in which the reimbursable activity occurred. All applications received after this time frame will be ineligible for reimbursement. The following is a description of the application forms and an explanation of their use. The application forms and detailed instructions can be obtained from the department.
1. Form 1 - Reimbursement Application. An invoice form shall be submitted with each application for reimbursement. The invoice form should list all reimbursable charges. To be reimbursed for eligible expenses, an applicant must provide documentation to demonstrate that the expenses were incurred. Invoices are acceptable proof of incurred expenses. Include legible copies of invoices signed by the local biosolids monitor or agent who performed or managed the monitoring activities. All invoices are to include the following:
a. DEQ permit number and site identification;
b. Number or site address;
c. Biosolids contractor''s name;
d. Date and type of activity monitored;
e. Name of biosolids monitor;
f. Number of hours to be reimbursed and charge per hour;
g. List of expenses for which reimbursement is sought;
h. Type of sampling activity performed and associated laboratory expense vouchers.
The application requires the county administrator to certify that the responsible official has read and understands the requirements for reimbursement and that the application submitted is not fraudulent. The local monitor must attest to the accuracy and completeness of the information provided.
2. Form 2 - Multiple Owners Payment Assignment Form. When there are multiple local governments as claimants, a separate, signed and notarized invoice form for each claimant must be filled out and submitted with the application.
Submittal of the original completed reimbursement application, including the application worksheets and the appropriate supporting documentation, should be accomplished by mailing these documents to: Department of Environmental Quality, Receipts Control, P.O. Box 1105, Richmond, VA 23218.
C. Processing applications.
1. If contacted by the department regarding an incomplete reimbursement application, an applicant will have 14 days from the date of the call or letter to submit the information requested and cure any deficiencies. Extensions of the 14-day deadline will not be granted. An application that does not contain all of the required information after the 14-day time frame may be rejected or processed "as is," which can result in complete denial or a partial reimbursement.
2. Only invoices pertaining to the monitoring activity claimed in the current application will be accepted. Costs omitted from previous claims are ineligible for reimbursement in subsequent claims. Likewise, invoices submitted in previous claims will not be eligible documentation for reimbursement of costs in subsequent claims. To reduce the risk of disqualification of costs, costs for different monitoring activities should be invoiced separately. If possible, invoices should be structured so that costs are grouped according to task or activity.
D. Reconsideration process.
1. Claimants may submit a written response indicating why costs denied on the reimbursement decision should be paid.
2. If the claimant disagrees with the decision in the reimbursement payment package, a notice of intent (NOI) to object and a reconsideration claim form must be submitted to the department within the filing deadlines specified in the reconsideration procedure package.
If filing deadlines are not met, the decision in the reimbursement payment package is final. This written objection is to be in the format specified in the reconsideration procedure package and explain the reasons for disagreement with the decisions in the reimbursement payment letter and supply any additional supporting documentation. Upon receipt of this information and at the claimant''s request, the department may schedule a reconsideration meeting to reevaluate the denied costs.
3. Claimants will be given an opportunity to contest the reimbursement decisions in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§2.2-4000 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).
Within the filing deadline, the claimant must submit a written summary of the issues that will be contested using the reconsideration claim form.
4. The reconsideration procedures provide the department the opportunity to correct certain errors. The following types of errors can be corrected:
a. Failure of the reviewer to verify an invoice form that was received prior to completing the verification package for the reimbursement.
b. Errors the reviewer makes in verifying an invoice form.
c. Failure of the claimant to submit all invoices.
5. Notwithstanding the above, some types of errors cannot be corrected. It is the responsibility of the claimant or consultant, or both, to ensure that all application forms (invoice forms, and sampling and testing verification) are completely and accurately filled out. Failure to exercise proper care in preparing an application may result in a denial of costs, which cannot be corrected through the reconsideration process, including:
a. Items omitted from the invoice form will not be eligible for reimbursement.
b. Unverified sampling and testing results will not be eligible for reimbursement.
c. No additions or revisions to the invoice forms will be accepted from the claimant after the reviewer forwards the verification package to the department.
d. Using one invoice in multiple claims. Invoices submitted in an application cannot be used as documentation for reimbursement of costs in subsequent claims.
e. The following are types of errors that cannot be corrected:
(1) Failure to claim performed work on the invoice.
(2) Failure to claim sampling and testing costs as authorized.
(3) Failure to claim all costs in a submitted invoice.
(4) Failure to submit to the reviewer all supporting documentation to demonstrate the necessity of work performed that exceeds expected activities. Such documentation must be submitted before the reviewer forwards the verification package to the department.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24 Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
Part IV V
Delegation of Authority
9VAC25-20-150. Delegation of authority.
The director, or his designee, may perform any action of the State Water Control Board provided under this chapter, except as limited by §62.1-44.14 of the Code of Virginia.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-01-01 §4.1, eff. July 1, 1993; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
FORMS
Water Quality Division Permit Application Fee Form (rev. 7/04).
Form 1 Biosolids Land Application Local Monitoring Expenses - Reimbursement Invoice, 2007.
Form 2 Biosolids Land Application Fee - Reimbursement Multiple Owners Payment Assignment, 2007.
Form 3 Biosolids Land Application Fee - Reimbursement Notice of Intent to Seek Reconsideration, rev. 8/07.
Form 4 Biosolids Land Application Fee - Reimbursement Reconsideration Claim Form, rev. 8/07.
9VAC25-31-100. Application for a permit.
A. Duty to apply. Any person who discharges or proposes to discharge pollutants or who owns or operates a sludge-only facility whose sewage sludge use or disposal practice is regulated by 9VAC25-31-420 through 9VAC25-31-720 and who does not have an effective permit, except persons covered by general permits, excluded from the requirement for a permit by this chapter, or a user of a privately owned treatment works unless the board requires otherwise, shall submit a complete application to the department in accordance with this section. All concentrated animal feeding operations have a duty to seek coverage under a VPDES permit.
B. Who applies. When a facility or activity is owned by one person but is operated by another person, it is the operator''s duty to obtain a permit.
C. Time to apply.
1. Any person proposing a new discharge, shall submit an application at least 180 days before the date on which the discharge is to commence, unless permission for a later date has been granted by the board. Facilities proposing a new discharge of storm water associated with industrial activity shall submit an application 180 days before that facility commences industrial activity which may result in a discharge of storm water associated with that industrial activity. Different submittal dates may be required under the terms of applicable general permits. Persons proposing a new discharge are encouraged to submit their applications well in advance of the 90 or 180 day requirements to avoid delay. New discharges composed entirely of storm water, other than those dischargers identified in 9VAC25-31-120 A 1, shall apply for and obtain a permit according to the application requirements in 9VAC25-31-120 B.
2. All TWTDS whose sewage sludge use or disposal practices are regulated by 9VAC25-31-420 through 9VAC25-31-720 must submit permit applications according to the applicable schedule in subdivision 2 a or b of this subsection.
a. A TWTDS with a currently effective VPDES permit must submit a permit application at the time of its next VPDES permit renewal application. Such information must be submitted in accordance with subsection D of this section.
b. Any other TWTDS not addressed under subdivision 2 a of this subsection must submit the information listed in subdivisions 2 b (1) through (5) of this subsection to the department within one year after publication of a standard applicable to its sewage sludge use or disposal practice(s), using a form provided by the department. The board will determine when such TWTDS must submit a full permit application.
(1) The TWTDS''s name, mailing address, location, and status as federal, state, private, public or other entity;
(2) The applicant''s name, address, telephone number, and ownership status;
(3) A description of the sewage sludge use or disposal practices. Unless the sewage sludge meets the requirements of subdivision P 8 d of this section, the description must include the name and address of any facility where sewage sludge is sent for treatment or disposal and the location of any land application sites;
(4) Annual amount of sewage sludge generated, treated, used or disposed (estimated dry weight basis); and
(5) The most recent data the TWTDS may have on the quality of the sewage sludge.
c. Notwithstanding subdivision 2 a or b of this subsection, the board may require permit applications from any TWTDS at any time if the board determines that a permit is necessary to protect public health and the environment from any potential adverse effects that may occur from toxic pollutants in sewage sludge.
d. Any TWTDS that commences operations after promulgation of an applicable standard for sewage sludge use or disposal shall submit an application to the department at least 180 days prior to the date proposed for commencing operations.
D. Duty to reapply. All permittees with a currently effective permit shall submit a new application at least 180 days before the expiration date of the existing permit, unless permission for a later date has been granted by the board. The board shall not grant permission for applications to be submitted later than the expiration date of the existing permit.
E. Completeness.
1. The board shall not issue a permit before receiving a complete application for a permit except for VPDES general permits. An application for a permit is complete when the board receives an application form and any supplemental information which are completed to its satisfaction. The completeness of any application for a permit shall be judged independently of the status of any other permit application or permit for the same facility or activity.
2. No application for a VPDES permit to discharge sewage into or adjacent to state waters from a privately owned treatment works serving, or designed to serve, 50 or more residences shall be considered complete unless the applicant has provided the department with notification from the State Corporation Commission that the applicant is incorporated in the Commonwealth and is in compliance with all regulations and relevant orders of the State Corporation Commission.
3. No application for a new individual VPDES permit authorizing a new discharge of sewage, industrial wastes, or other wastes shall be considered complete unless it contains notification from the county, city, or town in which the discharge is to take place that the location and operation of the discharging facility are consistent with applicable ordinances adopted pursuant to Chapter 22 (§15.2-2200 et seq.) of Title 15.2 of the Code of Virginia. The county, city or town shall inform in writing the applicant and the board of the discharging facility''s compliance or noncompliance not more than 30 days from receipt by the chief administrative officer, or his agent, of a request from the applicant. Should the county, city or town fail to provide such written notification within 30 days, the requirement for such notification is waived. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to any discharge for which a valid VPDES permit had been issued prior to March 10, 2000.
4. A permit application shall not be considered complete if the board has waived application requirements under subsection J or P of this section and the EPA has disapproved the waiver application. If a waiver request has been submitted to the EPA more than 210 days prior to permit expiration and the EPA has not disapproved the waiver application 181 days prior to permit expiration, the permit application lacking the information subject to the waiver application shall be considered complete.
5. In accordance with §62.1-44-19:3 A of the Code of Virginia, no application for a permit or variance to authorize the storage of sewage sludge shall be complete unless it contains certification from the governing body of the locality in which the sewage sludge is to be stored that the storage site is consistent with all applicable ordinances. The governing body shall confirm or deny consistency within 30 days of receiving a request for certification. If the governing body does not so respond, the site shall be deemed consistent.
F. Information requirements. All applicants for VPDES permits, other than POTWs and other TWTDS, shall provide the following information to the department, using the application form provided by the department (additional information required of applicants is set forth in subsections G through K of this section).
1. The activities conducted by the applicant which require it to obtain a VPDES permit;
2. Name, mailing address, and location of the facility for which the application is submitted;
3. Up to four SIC codes which best reflect the principal products or services provided by the facility;
4. The operator''s name, address, telephone number, ownership status, and status as federal, state, private, public, or other entity;
5. Whether the facility is located on Indian lands;
6. A listing of all permits or construction approvals received or applied for under any of the following programs:
a. Hazardous Waste Management program under RCRA (42 USC §6921);
b. UIC program under SDWA (42 USC §300h);
c. VPDES program under the CWA and the law;
d. Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (42 USC §4701 et seq.);
e. Nonattainment program under the Clean Air Act (42 USC §4701 et seq.);
f. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Pollutants (NESHAPS) preconstruction approval under the Clean Air Act (42 USC §4701 et seq.);
g. Ocean dumping permits under the Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act (33 USC §14 et seq.);
h. Dredge or fill permits under §404 of the CWA; and
i. Other relevant environmental permits, including state permits.
7. A topographic map (or other map if a topographic map is unavailable) extending one mile beyond the property boundaries of the source, depicting the facility and each of its intake and discharge structures; each of its hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities; each well where fluids from the facility are injected underground; and those wells, springs, other surface water bodies, and drinking water wells listed in public records or otherwise known to the applicant in the map area; and
8. A brief description of the nature of the business.
G. Application requirements for existing manufacturing, commercial, mining, and silvicultural dischargers. Existing manufacturing, commercial mining, and silvicultural dischargers applying for VPDES permits, except for those facilities subject to the requirements of 9VAC25-31-100 H, shall provide the following information to the department, using application forms provided by the department.
1. The latitude and longitude of each outfall to the nearest 15 seconds and the name of the receiving water.
2. A line drawing of the water flow through the facility with a water balance, showing operations contributing wastewater to the effluent and treatment units. Similar processes, operations, or production areas may be indicated as a single unit, labeled to correspond to the more detailed identification under subdivision 3 of this subsection. The water balance must show approximate average flows at intake and discharge points and between units, including treatment units. If a water balance cannot be determined (for example, for certain mining activities), the applicant may provide instead a pictorial description of the nature and amount of any sources of water and any collection and treatment measures.
3. A narrative identification of each type of process, operation, or production area which contributes wastewater to the effluent for each outfall, including process wastewater, cooling water, and storm water run-off; the average flow which each process contributes; and a description of the treatment the wastewater receives, including the ultimate disposal of any solid or fluid wastes other than by discharge. Processes, operations, or production areas may be described in general terms (for example, dye-making reactor, distillation tower). For a privately owned treatment works, this information shall include the identity of each user of the treatment works. The average flow of point sources composed of storm water may be estimated. The basis for the rainfall event and the method of estimation must be indicated.
4. If any of the discharges described in subdivision 3 of this subsection are intermittent or seasonal, a description of the frequency, duration and flow rate of each discharge occurrence (except for storm water run-off, spillage or leaks).
5. If an effluent guideline promulgated under §304 of the CWA applies to the applicant and is expressed in terms of production (or other measure of operation), a reasonable measure of the applicant''s actual production reported in the units used in the applicable effluent guideline. The reported measure must reflect the actual production of the facility.
6. If the applicant is subject to any present requirements or compliance schedules for construction, upgrading or operation of waste treatment equipment, an identification of the abatement requirement, a description of the abatement project, and a listing of the required and projected final compliance dates.
7. a. Information on the discharge of pollutants specified in this subdivision (except information on storm water discharges which is to be provided as specified in 9VAC25-31-120). When quantitative data for a pollutant are required, the applicant must collect a sample of effluent and analyze it for the pollutant in accordance with analytical methods approved under 40 CFR Part 136 (2005). When no analytical method is approved the applicant may use any suitable method but must provide a description of the method. When an applicant has two or more outfalls with substantially identical effluents, the board may allow the applicant to test only one outfall and report that the quantitative data also apply to the substantially identical outfalls. The requirements in e and f of this subdivision that an applicant must provide quantitative data for certain pollutants known or believed to be present do not apply to pollutants present in a discharge solely as the result of their presence in intake water; however, an applicant must report such pollutants as present. Grab samples must be used for pH, temperature, cyanide, total phenols, residual chlorine, oil and grease, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococcus. For all other pollutants, 24-hour composite samples must be used. However, a minimum of one grab sample may be taken for effluents from holding ponds or other impoundments with a retention period greater than 24 hours. In addition, for discharges other than storm water discharges, the board may waive composite sampling for any outfall for which the applicant demonstrates that the use of an automatic sampler is infeasible and that the minimum of four grab samples will be a representative sample of the effluent being discharged.
b. For storm water discharges, all samples shall be collected from the discharge resulting from a storm event that is greater than 0.1 inch and at least 72 hours from the previously measurable (greater than 0.1 inch rainfall) storm event. Where feasible, the variance in the duration of the event and the total rainfall of the event should not exceed 50% from the average or median rainfall event in that area. For all applicants, a flow-weighted composite shall be taken for either the entire discharge or for the first three hours of the discharge. The flow-weighted composite sample for a storm water discharge may be taken with a continuous sampler or as a combination of a minimum of three sample aliquots taken in each hour of discharge for the entire discharge or for the first three hours of the discharge, with each aliquot being separated by a minimum period of 15 minutes (applicants submitting permit applications for storm water discharges under 9VAC25-31-120 C may collect flow-weighted composite samples using different protocols with respect to the time duration between the collection of sample aliquots, subject to the approval of the board). However, a minimum of one grab sample may be taken for storm water discharges from holding ponds or other impoundments with a retention period greater than 24 hours. For a flow-weighted composite sample, only one analysis of the composite of aliquots is required. For storm water discharge samples taken from discharges associated with industrial activities, quantitative data must be reported for the grab sample taken during the first 30 minutes (or as soon thereafter as practicable) of the discharge for all pollutants specified in 9VAC25-31-120 B 1. For all storm water permit applicants taking flow-weighted composites, quantitative data must be reported for all pollutants specified in 9VAC25-31-120 except pH, temperature, cyanide, total phenols, residual chlorine, oil and grease, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococcus. The board may allow or establish appropriate site-specific sampling procedures or requirements, including sampling locations, the season in which the sampling takes place, the minimum duration between the previous measurable storm event and the storm event sampled, the minimum or maximum level of precipitation required for an appropriate storm event, the form of precipitation sampled (snow melt or rain fall), protocols for collecting samples under 40 CFR Part 136 (2005), and additional time for submitting data on a case-by-case basis. An applicant is expected to know or have reason to believe that a pollutant is present in an effluent based on an evaluation of the expected use, production, or storage of the pollutant, or on any previous analyses for the pollutant. (For example, any pesticide manufactured by a facility may be expected to be present in contaminated storm water run-off from the facility.)
c. Every applicant must report quantitative data for every outfall for the following pollutants:
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)
Chemical oxygen demand
Total organic carbon
Total suspended solids
Ammonia (as N)
Temperature (both winter and summer)
pH
d. The board may waive the reporting requirements for individual point sources or for a particular industry category for one or more of the pollutants listed in subdivision 7 c of this subsection if the applicant has demonstrated that such a waiver is appropriate because information adequate to support issuance of a permit can be obtained with less stringent requirements.
e. Each applicant with processes in one or more primary industry category (see 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix A (2005)) contributing to a discharge must report quantitative data for the following pollutants in each outfall containing process wastewater:
(1) The organic toxic pollutants in the fractions designated in Table I of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D (2005) for the applicant''s industrial category or categories unless the applicant qualifies as a small business under subdivision 8 of this subsection. Table II of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D (2005) lists the organic toxic pollutants in each fraction. The fractions result from the sample preparation required by the analytical procedure which uses gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A determination that an applicant falls within a particular industrial category for the purposes of selecting fractions for testing is not conclusive as to the applicant''s inclusion in that category for any other purposes; and
(2) The pollutants listed in Table III of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D (2005) (the toxic metals, cyanide, and total phenols).
f. (1) Each applicant must indicate whether it knows or has reason to believe that any of the pollutants in Table IV of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D (2005) (certain conventional and nonconventional pollutants) is discharged from each outfall. If an applicable effluent limitations guideline either directly limits the pollutant or, by its express terms, indirectly limits the pollutant through limitations on an indicator, the applicant must report quantitative data. For every pollutant discharged which is not so limited in an effluent limitations guideline, the applicant must either report quantitative data or briefly describe the reasons the pollutant is expected to be discharged.
(2) Each applicant must indicate whether it knows or has reason to believe that any of the pollutants listed in Table II or Table III of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D (2005) (the toxic pollutants and total phenols) for which quantitative data are not otherwise required under subdivision 7 e of this subsection, is discharged from each outfall. For every pollutant expected to be discharged in concentrations of 10 ppb or greater the applicant must report quantitative data. For acrolein, acrylonitrile, 2,4 dinitrophenol, and 2-methyl-4,6 dinitrophenol, where any of these four pollutants are expected to be discharged in concentrations of 100 ppb or greater the applicant must report quantitative data. For every pollutant expected to be discharged in concentrations less than 10 ppb, or in the case of acrolein, acrylonitrile, 2,4 dinitrophenol, and 2-methyl-4,6 dinitrophenol, in concentrations less than 100 ppb, the applicant must either submit quantitative data or briefly describe the reasons the pollutant is expected to be discharged. An applicant qualifying as a small business under subdivision 8 of this subsection is not required to analyze for pollutants listed in Table II of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D (2005) (the organic toxic pollutants).
g. Each applicant must indicate whether it knows or has reason to believe that any of the pollutants in Table V of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D (2005) (certain hazardous substances and asbestos) are discharged from each outfall. For every pollutant expected to be discharged, the applicant must briefly describe the reasons the pollutant is expected to be discharged, and report any quantitative data it has for any pollutant.
h. Each applicant must report qualitative data, generated using a screening procedure not calibrated with analytical standards, for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) if it:
(1) Uses or manufactures 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4,5,-T); 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propanoic acid (Silvex, 2,4,5,-TP); 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) ethyl, 2,2-dichloropropionate (Erbon); O,O-dimethyl O-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) phosphorothioate (Ronnel); 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP); or hexachlorophene (HCP); or
(2) Knows or has reason to believe that TCDD is or may be present in an effluent.
8. An applicant which qualifies as a small business under one of the following criteria is exempt from the requirements in subdivision 7 e (1) or 7 f (1) of this subsection to submit quantitative data for the pollutants listed in Table II of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D (2005) (the organic toxic pollutants):
a. For coal mines, a probable total annual production of less than 100,000 tons per year; or
b. For all other applicants, gross total annual sales averaging less than $100,000 per year (in second quarter 1980 dollars).
9. A listing of any toxic pollutant which the applicant currently uses or manufactures as an intermediate or final product or by-product. The board may waive or modify this requirement for any applicant if the applicant demonstrates that it would be unduly burdensome to identify each toxic pollutant and the board has adequate information to issue the permit.
10. Reserved.
11. An identification of any biological toxicity tests which the applicant knows or has reason to believe have been made within the last three years on any of the applicant''s discharges or on a receiving water in relation to a discharge.
12. If a contract laboratory or consulting firm performed any of the analyses required by subdivision 7 of this subsection, the identity of each laboratory or firm and the analyses performed.
13. In addition to the information reported on the application form, applicants shall provide to the board, at its request, such other information, including pertinent plans, specifications, maps and such other relevant information as may be required, in scope and details satisfactory to the board, as the board may reasonably require to assess the discharges of the facility and to determine whether to issue a VPDES permit. The additional information may include additional quantitative data and bioassays to assess the relative toxicity of discharges to aquatic life and requirements to determine the cause of the toxicity.
H. Application requirements for manufacturing, commercial, mining and silvicultural facilities which discharge only nonprocess wastewater. Except for storm water discharges, all manufacturing, commercial, mining and silvicultural dischargers applying for VPDES permits which discharge only nonprocess wastewater not regulated by an effluent limitations guideline or new source performance standard shall provide the following information to the department using application forms provided by the department:
1. Outfall number, latitude and longitude to the nearest 15 seconds, and the name of the receiving water;
2. Date of expected commencement of discharge;
3. An identification of the general type of waste discharged, or expected to be discharged upon commencement of operations, including sanitary wastes, restaurant or cafeteria wastes, or noncontact cooling water. An identification of cooling water additives (if any) that are used or expected to be used upon commencement of operations, along with their composition if existing composition is available;
4. a. Quantitative data for the pollutants or parameters listed below, unless testing is waived by the board. The quantitative data may be data collected over the past 365 days, if they remain representative of current operations, and must include maximum daily value, average daily value, and number of measurements taken. The applicant must collect and analyze samples in accordance with 40 CFR Part 136 (2005). Grab samples must be used for pH, temperature, oil and grease, total residual chlorine, and fecal coliform. For all other pollutants, 24-hour composite samples must be used. New dischargers must include estimates for the pollutants or parameters listed below instead of actual sampling data, along with the source of each estimate. All levels must be reported or estimated as concentration and as total mass, except for flow, pH, and temperature.
(1) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5).
(2) Total suspended solids (TSS).
(3) Fecal coliform (if believed present or if sanitary waste is or will be discharged).
(4) Total residual chlorine (if chlorine is used).
(5) Oil and grease.
(6) Chemical oxygen demand (COD) (if noncontact cooling water is or will be discharged).
(7) Total organic carbon (TOC) (if noncontact cooling water is or will be discharged).
(8) Ammonia (as N).
(9) Discharge flow.
(10) pH.
(11) Temperature (winter and summer).
b. The board may waive the testing and reporting requirements for any of the pollutants or flow listed in subdivision 4 a of this subsection if the applicant submits a request for such a waiver before or with his application which demonstrates that information adequate to support issuance of a permit can be obtained through less stringent requirements.
c. If the applicant is a new discharger, he must submit the information required in subdivision 4 a of this subsection by providing quantitative data in accordance with that section no later than two years after commencement of discharge. However, the applicant need not submit testing results which he has already performed and reported under the discharge monitoring requirements of his VPDES permit.
d. The requirements of subdivisions 4 a and 4 c of this subsection that an applicant must provide quantitative data or estimates of certain pollutants do not apply to pollutants present in a discharge solely as a result of their presence in intake water. However, an applicant must report such pollutants as present. Net credit may be provided for the presence of pollutants in intake water if the requirements of 9VAC25-31-230 G are met;
5. A description of the frequency of flow and duration of any seasonal or intermittent discharge (except for storm water run-off, leaks, or spills);
6. A brief description of any treatment system used or to be used;
7. Any additional information the applicant wishes to be considered, such as influent data for the purpose of obtaining net credits pursuant to 9VAC25-31-230 G;
8. Signature of certifying official under 9VAC25-31-110; and
9. Pertinent plans, specifications, maps and such other relevant information as may be required, in scope and details satisfactory to the board.
I. Application requirements for new and existing concentrated animal feeding operations and aquatic animal production facilities. New and existing concentrated animal feeding operations and concentrated aquatic animal production facilities shall provide the following information to the department, using the application form provided by the department:
1. For concentrated animal feeding operations:
a. The name of the owner or operator;
b. The facility location and mailing address;
c. Latitude and longitude of the production area (entrance to the production area);
d. A topographic map of the geographic area in which the CAFO is located showing the specific location of the production area, in lieu of the requirements of subdivision F 7 of this section;
e. Specific information about the number and type of animals, whether in open confinement or housed under roof (beef cattle, broilers, layers, swine weighing 55 pounds or more, swine weighing less than 55 pounds, mature dairy cows, dairy heifers, veal calves, sheep and lambs, horses, ducks, turkeys, other);
f. The type of containment and storage (anaerobic lagoon, roofed storage shed, storage ponds, underfloor pits, above ground storage tanks, below ground storage tanks, concrete pad, impervious soil pad, other) and total capacity for manure, litter, and process wastewater storage (tons/gallons);
g. The total number of acres under control of the applicant available for land application of manure, litter, or process wastewater;
h. Estimated amounts of manure, litter, and process wastewater generated per year (tons/gallons); and
i. For CAFOs that must seek coverage under a permit after December 31, 2006, certification that a nutrient management plan has been completed and will be implemented upon the date of coverage.
2. For concentrated aquatic animal production facilities:
a. The maximum daily and average monthly flow from each outfall;
b. The number of ponds, raceways, and similar structures;
c. The name of the receiving water and the source of intake water;
d. For each species of aquatic animals, the total yearly and maximum harvestable weight;
e. The calendar month of maximum feeding and the total mass of food fed during that month; and
f. Pertinent plans, specifications, maps and such other relevant information as may be required, in scope and details satisfactory to the board.
J. Application requirements for new and existing POTWs and treatment works treating domestic sewage. Unless otherwise indicated, all POTWs and other dischargers designated by the board must provide to the department, at a minimum, the information in this subsection using an application form provided by the department. Permit applicants must submit all information available at the time of permit application. The information may be provided by referencing information previously submitted to the department. The board may waive any requirement of this subsection if it has access to substantially identical information. The board may also waive any requirement of this subsection that is not of material concern for a specific permit, if approved by the regional administrator. The waiver request to the regional administrator must include the board''s justification for the waiver. A regional administrator''s disapproval of the board''s proposed waiver does not constitute final agency action but does provide notice to the board and permit applicant(s) that the EPA may object to any board-issued permit issued in the absence of the required information.
1. All applicants must provide the following information:
a. Name, mailing address, and location of the facility for which the application is submitted;
b. Name, mailing address, and telephone number of the applicant and indication as to whether the applicant is the facility''s owner, operator, or both;
c. Identification of all environmental permits or construction approvals received or applied for (including dates) under any of the following programs:
(1) Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Subpart C;
(2) Underground Injection Control program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA);
(3) NPDES program under the Clean Water Act (CWA);
(4) Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act;
(5) Nonattainment program under the Clean Air Act;
(6) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS) preconstruction approval under the Clean Air Act;
(7) Ocean dumping permits under the Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act;
(8) Dredge or fill permits under §404 of the CWA; and
(9) Other relevant environmental permits, including state permits;
d. The name and population of each municipal entity served by the facility, including unincorporated connector districts. Indicate whether each municipal entity owns or maintains the collection system and whether the collection system is separate sanitary or combined storm and sanitary, if known;
e. Information concerning whether the facility is located in Indian country and whether the facility discharges to a receiving stream that flows through Indian country;
f. The facility''s design flow rate (the wastewater flow rate the plant was built to handle), annual average daily flow rate, and maximum daily flow rate for each of the previous three years;
g. Identification of type(s) of collection system(s) used by the treatment works (i.e., separate sanitary sewers or combined storm and sanitary sewers) and an estimate of the percent of sewer line that each type comprises; and
h. The following information for outfalls to surface waters and other discharge or disposal methods:
(1) For effluent discharges to surface waters, the total number and types of outfalls (e.g., treated effluent, combined sewer overflows, bypasses, constructed emergency overflows);
(2) For wastewater discharged to surface impoundments:
(a) The location of each surface impoundment;
(b) The average daily volume discharged to each surface impoundment; and
(c) Whether the discharge is continuous or intermittent;
(3) For wastewater applied to the land:
(a) The location of each land application site;
(b) The size of each land application site, in acres;
(c) The average daily volume applied to each land application site, in gallons per day; and
(d) Whether land application is continuous or intermittent;
(4) For effluent sent to another facility for treatment prior to discharge:
(a) The means by which the effluent is transported;
(b) The name, mailing address, contact person, and phone number of the organization transporting the discharge, if the transport is provided by a party other than the applicant;
(c) The name, mailing address, contact person, phone number, and VPDES permit number (if any) of the receiving facility; and
(d) The average daily flow rate from this facility into the receiving facility, in millions of gallons per day; and
(5) For wastewater disposed of in a manner not included in subdivisions 1 h (1) through (4) of this subsection (e.g., underground percolation, underground injection):
(a) A description of the disposal method, including the location and size of each disposal site, if applicable;
(b) The annual average daily volume disposed of by this method, in gallons per day; and
(c) Whether disposal through this method is continuous or intermittent;
2. All applicants with a design flow greater than or equal to 0.1 mgd must provide the following information:
a. The current average daily volume of inflow and infiltration, in gallons per day, and steps the facility is taking to minimize inflow and infiltration;
b. A topographic map (or other map if a topographic map is unavailable) extending at least one mile beyond property boundaries of the treatment plant, including all unit processes, and showing:
(1) Treatment plant area and unit processes;
(2) The major pipes or other structures through which wastewater enters the treatment plant and the pipes or other structures through which treated wastewater is discharged from the treatment plant. Include outfalls from bypass piping, if applicable;
(3) Each well where fluids from the treatment plant are injected underground;
(4) Wells, springs, and other surface water bodies listed in public records or otherwise known to the applicant within 1/4 mile of the treatment works'' property boundaries;
(5) Sewage sludge management facilities (including on-site treatment, storage, and disposal sites); and
(6) Location at which waste classified as hazardous under RCRA enters the treatment plant by truck, rail, or dedicated pipe;
c. Process flow diagram or schematic.
(1) A diagram showing the processes of the treatment plant, including all bypass piping and all backup power sources or redundancy in the system. This includes a water balance showing all treatment units, including disinfection, and showing daily average flow rates at influent and discharge points, and approximate daily flow rates between treatment units; and
(2) A narrative description of the diagram; and
d. The following information regarding scheduled improvements:
(1) The outfall number of each outfall affected;
(2) A narrative description of each required improvement;
(3) Scheduled or actual dates of completion for the following:
(a) Commencement of construction;
(b) Completion of construction;
(c) Commencement of discharge; and
(d) Attainment of operational level; and
(4) A description of permits and clearances concerning other federal or state requirements;
3. Each applicant must provide the following information for each outfall, including bypass points, through which effluent is discharged, as applicable:
a. The following information about each outfall:
(1) Outfall number;
(2) State, county, and city or town in which outfall is located;
(3) Latitude and longitude, to the nearest second;
(4) Distance from shore and depth below surface;
(5) Average daily flow rate, in million gallons per day;
(6) The following information for each outfall with a seasonal or periodic discharge:
(a) Number of times per year the discharge occurs;
(b) Duration of each discharge;
(c) Flow of each discharge; and
(d) Months in which discharge occurs; and
(7) Whether the outfall is equipped with a diffuser and the type (e.g., high-rate) of diffuser used.
b. The following information, if known, for each outfall through which effluent is discharged to surface waters:
(1) Name of receiving water;
(2) Name of watershed/river/stream system and United States Soil Conservation Service 14-digit watershed code;
(3) Name of State Management/River Basin and United States Geological Survey 8-digit hydrologic cataloging unit code; and
(4) Critical flow of receiving stream and total hardness of receiving stream at critical low flow (if applicable).
c. The following information describing the treatment provided for discharges from each outfall to surface waters:
(1) The highest level of treatment (e.g., primary, equivalent to secondary, secondary, advanced, other) that is provided for the discharge for each outfall and:
(a) Design biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 or CBOD5) removal (percent);
(b) Design suspended solids (SS) removal (percent); and, where applicable,
(c) Design phosphorus (P) removal (percent);
(d) Design nitrogen (N) removal (percent); and
(e) Any other removals that an advanced treatment system is designed to achieve.
(2) A description of the type of disinfection used, and whether the treatment plant dechlorinates (if disinfection is accomplished through chlorination).
4. Effluent monitoring for specific parameters.
a. As provided in subdivisions 4 b through j of this subsection, all applicants must submit to the department effluent monitoring information for samples taken from each outfall through which effluent is discharged to surface waters, except for CSOs. The board may allow applicants to submit sampling data for only one outfall on a case-by-case basis, where the applicant has two or more outfalls with substantially identical effluent. The board may also allow applicants to composite samples from one or more outfalls that discharge into the same mixing zone.
b. All applicants must sample and analyze for the following pollutants:
(1) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 or CBOD5);
(2) Fecal coliform;
(3) Design flow rate;
(4) pH;
(5) Temperature; and
(6) Total suspended solids.
c. All applicants with a design flow greater than or equal to 0.1 mgd must sample and analyze for the following pollutants:
(1) Ammonia (as N);
(2) Chlorine (total residual, TRC);
(3) Dissolved oxygen;
(4) Nitrate/Nitrite;
(5) Kjeldahl nitrogen;
(6) Oil and grease;
(7) Phosphorus; and
(8) Total dissolved solids.
Facilities that do not use chlorine for disinfection, do not use chlorine elsewhere in the treatment process, and have no reasonable potential to discharge chlorine in their effluent may delete chlorine.
d. All POTWs with a design flow rate equal to or greater than one million gallons per day, all POTWs with approved pretreatment programs or POTWs required to develop a pretreatment program, and other POTWs, as required by the board must sample and analyze for the pollutants listed in Table 2 of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix J (2005), and for any other pollutants for which the board or EPA have established water quality standards applicable to the receiving waters.
e. The board may require sampling for additional pollutants, as appropriate, on a case-by-case basis.
f. Applicants must provide data from a minimum of three samples taken within 4-1/2 years prior to the date of the permit application. Samples must be representative of the seasonal variation in the discharge from each outfall. Existing data may be used, if available, in lieu of sampling done solely for the purpose of this application. The board may require additional samples, as appropriate, on a case-by-case basis.
g. All existing data for pollutants specified in subdivisions 4 b through e of this subsection that is collected within 4-1/2 years of the application must be included in the pollutant data summary submitted by the applicant. If, however, the applicant samples for a specific pollutant on a monthly or more frequent basis, it is only necessary, for such pollutant, to summarize all data collected within one year of the application.
h. Applicants must collect samples of effluent and analyze such samples for pollutants in accordance with analytical methods approved under 40 CFR Part 136 (2005) unless an alternative is specified in the existing VPDES permit. Grab samples must be used for pH, temperature, cyanide, total phenols, residual chlorine, oil and grease, and fecal coliform. For all other pollutants, 24-hour composite samples must be used. For a composite sample, only one analysis of the composite of aliquots is required.
i. The effluent monitoring data provided must include at least the following information for each parameter:
(1) Maximum daily discharge, expressed as concentration or mass, based upon actual sample values;
(2) Average daily discharge for all samples, expressed as concentration or mass, and the number of samples used to obtain this value;
(3) The analytical method used; and
(4) The threshold level (i.e., method detection limit, minimum level, or other designated method endpoints) for the analytical method used.
j. Unless otherwise required by the board, metals must be reported as total recoverable.
5. Effluent monitoring for whole effluent toxicity.
a. All applicants must provide an identification of any whole effluent toxicity tests conducted during the 4-1/2 years prior to the date of the application on any of the applicant''s discharges or on any receiving water near the discharge.
b. As provided in subdivisions 5 c through i of this subsection, the following applicants must submit to the department the results of valid whole effluent toxicity tests for acute or chronic toxicity for samples taken from each outfall through which effluent is discharged to surface waters, except for combined sewer overflows:
(1) All POTWs with design flow rates greater than or equal to one million gallons per day;
(2) All POTWs with approved pretreatment programs or POTWs required to develop a pretreatment program;
(3) Other POTWs, as required by the board, based on consideration of the following factors:
(a) The variability of the pollutants or pollutant parameters in the POTW effluent (based on chemical-specific information, the type of treatment plant, and types of industrial contributors);
(b) The ratio of effluent flow to receiving stream flow;
(c) Existing controls on point or nonpoint sources, including total maximum daily load calculations for the receiving stream segment and the relative contribution of the POTW;
(d) Receiving stream characteristics, including possible or known water quality impairment, and whether the POTW discharges to a coastal water, or a water designated as an outstanding natural resource water; or
(e) Other considerations (including, but not limited to, the history of toxic impacts and compliance problems at the POTW) that the board determines could cause or contribute to adverse water quality impacts.
c. Where the POTW has two or more outfalls with substantially identical effluent discharging to the same receiving stream segment, the board may allow applicants to submit whole effluent toxicity data for only one outfall on a case-by-case basis. The board may also allow applicants to composite samples from one or more outfalls that discharge into the same mixing zone.
d. Each applicant required to perform whole effluent toxicity testing pursuant to subdivision 5 b of this subsection must provide:
(1) Results of a minimum of four quarterly tests for a year, from the year preceding the permit application; or
(2) Results from four tests performed at least annually in the 4-1/2 year period prior to the application, provided the results show no appreciable toxicity using a safety factor determined by the board.
e. Applicants must conduct tests with multiple species (no less than two species, e.g., fish, invertebrate, plant) and test for acute or chronic toxicity, depending on the range of receiving water dilution. The board recommends that applicants conduct acute or chronic testing based on the following dilutions: (i) acute toxicity testing if the dilution of the effluent is greater than 100:1 at the edge of the mixing zone or (ii) chronic toxicity testing if the dilution of the effluent is less than or equal to 100:1 at the edge of the mixing zone.
f. Each applicant required to perform whole effluent toxicity testing pursuant to subdivision 5 b of this subsection must provide the number of chronic or acute whole effluent toxicity tests that have been conducted since the last permit reissuance.
g. Applicants must provide the results using the form provided by the department, or test summaries if available and comprehensive, for each whole effluent toxicity test conducted pursuant to subdivision 5 b of this subsection for which such information has not been reported previously to the department.
h. Whole effluent toxicity testing conducted pursuant to subdivision 5 b of this subsection must be conducted using methods approved under 40 CFR Part 136 (2005), as directed by the board.
i. For whole effluent toxicity data submitted to the department within 4-1/2 years prior to the date of the application, applicants must provide the dates on which the data were submitted and a summary of the results.
j. Each POTW required to perform whole effluent toxicity testing pursuant to subdivision 5 b of this subsection must provide any information on the cause of toxicity and written details of any toxicity reduction evaluation conducted, if any whole effluent toxicity test conducted within the past 4-1/2 years revealed toxicity.
6. Applicants must submit the following information about industrial discharges to the POTW:
a. Number of significant industrial users (SIUs) and categorical industrial users (CIUs) discharging to the POTW; and
b. POTWs with one or more SIUs shall provide the following information for each SIU, as defined in 9VAC25-31-10, that discharges to the POTW:
(1) Name and mailing address;
(2) Description of all industrial processes that affect or contribute to the SIU''s discharge;
(3) Principal products and raw materials of the SIU that affect or contribute to the SIU''s discharge;
(4) Average daily volume of wastewater discharged, indicating the amount attributable to process flow and nonprocess flow;
(5) Whether the SIU is subject to local limits;
(6) Whether the SIU is subject to categorical standards and, if so, under which category and subcategory; and
(7) Whether any problems at the POTW (e.g., upsets, pass through, interference) have been attributed to the SIU in the past 4-1/2 years.
c. The information required in subdivisions 6 a and b of this subsection may be waived by the board for POTWs with pretreatment programs if the applicant has submitted either of the following that contain information substantially identical to that required in subdivisions 6 a and b of this subsection:
(1) An annual report submitted within one year of the application; or
(2) A pretreatment program.
7. Discharges from hazardous waste generators and from waste cleanup or remediation sites. POTWs receiving Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), or RCRA Corrective Action wastes or wastes generated at another type of cleanup or remediation site must provide the following information:
a. If the POTW receives, or has been notified that it will receive, by truck, rail, or dedicated pipe any wastes that are regulated as RCRA hazardous wastes pursuant to 40 CFR Part 261 (2005), the applicant must report the following:
(1) The method by which the waste is received (i.e., whether by truck, rail, or dedicated pipe); and
(2) The hazardous waste number and amount received annually of each hazardous waste.
b. If the POTW receives, or has been notified that it will receive, wastewaters that originate from remedial activities, including those undertaken pursuant to CERCLA and §3004(u) or 3008(h) of RCRA, the applicant must report the following:
(1) The identity and description of the site or facility at which the wastewater originates;
(2) The identities of the wastewater''s hazardous constituents, as listed in Appendix VIII of 40 CFR Part 261 (2005), if known; and
(3) The extent of treatment, if any, the wastewater receives or will receive before entering the POTW.
c. Applicants are exempt from the requirements of subdivision 7 b of this subsection if they receive no more than 15 kilograms per month of hazardous wastes, unless the wastes are acute hazardous wastes as specified in 40 CFR 261.30(d) and 261.33(e) (2005).
8. Each applicant with combined sewer systems must provide the following information:
a. The following information regarding the combined sewer system:
(1) A map indicating the location of the following:
(a) All CSO discharge points;
(b) Sensitive use areas potentially affected by CSOs (e.g., beaches, drinking water supplies, shellfish beds, sensitive aquatic ecosystems, and outstanding national resource waters); and
(c) Waters supporting threatened and endangered species potentially affected by CSOs; and
(2) A diagram of the combined sewer collection system that includes the following information:
(a) The location of major sewer trunk lines, both combined and separate sanitary;
(b) The locations of points where separate sanitary sewers feed into the combined sewer system;
(c) In-line and off-line storage structures;
(d) The locations of flow-regulating devices; and
(e) The locations of pump stations.
b. The following information for each CSO discharge point covered by the permit application:
(1) The following information on each outfall:
(a) Outfall number;
(b) State, county, and city or town in which outfall is located;
(c) Latitude and longitude, to the nearest second;
(d) Distance from shore and depth below surface;
(e) Whether the applicant monitored any of the following in the past year for this CSO: (i) rainfall, (ii) CSO flow volume, (iii) CSO pollutant concentrations, (iv) receiving water quality, or (v) CSO frequency; and
(f) The number of storm events monitored in the past year;
(2) The following information about CSO overflows from each outfall:
(a) The number of events in the past year;
(b) The average duration per event, if available;
(c) The average volume per CSO event, if available; and
(d) The minimum rainfall that caused a CSO event, if available, in the last year;
(3) The following information about receiving waters:
(a) Name of receiving water;
(b) Name of watershed/stream system and the United States Soil Conservation Service watershed (14-digit) code, if known; and
(c) Name of State Management/River Basin and the United States Geological Survey hydrologic cataloging unit (8-digit) code, if known; and
(4) A description of any known water quality impacts on the receiving water caused by the CSO (e.g., permanent or intermittent beach closings, permanent or intermittent shellfish bed closings, fish kills, fish advisories, other recreational loss, or exceedance of any applicable state water quality standard).
9. All applicants must provide the name, mailing address, telephone number, and responsibilities of all contractors responsible for any operational or maintenance aspects of the facility.
10. All applications must be signed by a certifying official in compliance with 9VAC25-31-110.
11. Pertinent plans, specifications, maps and such other relevant information as may be required, in scope and details satisfactory to the board.
K. Application requirements for new sources and new discharges. New manufacturing, commercial, mining and silvicultural dischargers applying for VPDES permits (except for new discharges of facilities subject to the requirements of subsection H of this section or new discharges of storm water associated with industrial activity which are subject to the requirements of 9VAC25-31-120 B 1 and this subsection) shall provide the following information to the department, using the application forms provided by the department:
1. The expected outfall location in latitude and longitude to the nearest 15 seconds and the name of the receiving water;
2. The expected date of commencement of discharge;
3. a. Description of the treatment that the wastewater will receive, along with all operations contributing wastewater to the effluent, average flow contributed by each operation, and the ultimate disposal of any solid or liquid wastes not discharged;
b. A line drawing of the water flow through the facility with a water balance as described in subdivision G 2;
c. If any of the expected discharges will be intermittent or seasonal, a description of the frequency, duration and maximum daily flow rate of each discharge occurrence (except for storm water run-off, spillage, or leaks); and
4. If a new source performance standard promulgated under §306 of the CWA or an effluent limitation guideline applies to the applicant and is expressed in terms of production (or other measure of operation), a reasonable measure of the applicant''s expected actual production reported in the units used in the applicable effluent guideline or new source performance standard for each of the first three years. Alternative estimates may also be submitted if production is likely to vary;
5. The requirements in subdivisions H 4 a, b, and c of this section that an applicant must provide estimates of certain pollutants expected to be present do not apply to pollutants present in a discharge solely as a result of their presence in intake water; however, an applicant must report such pollutants as present. Net credits may be provided for the presence of pollutants in intake water if the requirements of 9VAC25-31-230 G are met. All levels (except for discharge flow, temperature, and pH) must be estimated as concentration and as total mass.
a. Each applicant must report estimated daily maximum, daily average, and source of information for each outfall for the following pollutants or parameters. The board may waive the reporting requirements for any of these pollutants and parameters if the applicant submits a request for such a waiver before or with his application which demonstrates that information adequate to support issuance of the permit can be obtained through less stringent reporting requirements.
(1) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).
(2) Chemical oxygen demand (COD).
(3) Total organic carbon (TOC).
(4) Total suspended solids (TSS).
(5) Flow.
(6) Ammonia (as N).
(7) Temperature (winter and summer).
(8) pH.
b. Each applicant must report estimated daily maximum, daily average, and source of information for each outfall for the following pollutants, if the applicant knows or has reason to believe they will be present or if they are limited by an effluent limitation guideline or new source performance standard either directly or indirectly through limitations on an indicator pollutant: all pollutants in Table IV of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D (2005) (certain conventional and nonconventional pollutants).
c. Each applicant must report estimated daily maximum, daily average and source of information for the following pollutants if he knows or has reason to believe that they will be present in the discharges from any outfall:
(1) The pollutants listed in Table III of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D (2005) (the toxic metals, in the discharge from any outfall, Total cyanide, and total phenols);
(2) The organic toxic pollutants in Table II of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D (2005) (except bis (chloromethyl) ether, dichlorofluoromethane and trichlorofluoromethane). This requirement is waived for applicants with expected gross sales of less than $100,000 per year for the next three years, and for coal mines with expected average production of less than 100,000 tons of coal per year.
d. The applicant is required to report that 2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin (TCDD) may be discharged if he uses or manufactures one of the following compounds, or if he knows or has reason to believe that TCDD will or may be present in an effluent:
(1) 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4,5-T) (CAS #93-76-5);
(2) (2) 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propanoic acid (Silvex, 2,4,5-TP) (CAS #93-72-1);
(3) 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) ethyl 2,2-dichloropropionate (Erbon) (CAS #136-25-4);
(4) 0,0-dimethyl 0-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) phosphorothioate (Ronnel) (CAS #299-84-3);
(5) 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) (CAS #95-95-4); or
(6) Hexachlorophene (HCP) (CAS #70-30-4);
e. Each applicant must report any pollutants listed in Table V of 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D (2005) (certain hazardous substances) if he believes they will be present in any outfall (no quantitative estimates are required unless they are already available).
f. No later than two years after the commencement of discharge from the proposed facility, the applicant is required to submit the information required in subsection G of this section. However, the applicant need not complete those portions of subsection G of this section requiring tests which he has already performed and reported under the discharge monitoring requirements of his VPDES permit;
6. Each applicant must report the existence of any technical evaluation concerning his wastewater treatment, along with the name and location of similar plants of which he has knowledge;
7. Any optional information the permittee wishes to have considered;
8. Signature of certifying official under 9VAC25-31-110; and
9. Pertinent plans, specifications, maps and such other relevant information as may be required, in scope and details satisfactory to the board.
L. Variance requests by non-POTWs. A discharger which is not a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) may request a variance from otherwise applicable effluent limitations under any of the following statutory or regulatory provisions within the times specified in this subsection:
1. Fundamentally different factors.
a. A request for a variance based on the presence of fundamentally different factors from those on which the effluent limitations guideline was based shall be filed as follows:
(1) For a request from best practicable control technology currently available (BPT), by the close of the public comment period for the draft permit; or
(2) For a request from best available technology economically achievable (BAT) and/or best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT), by no later than:
(a) July 3, 1989, for a request based on an effluent limitation guideline promulgated before February 4, 1987, to the extent July 3, 1989, is not later than that provided under previously promulgated regulations; or
(b) 180 days after the date on which an effluent limitation guideline is published in the Federal Register for a request based on an effluent limitation guideline promulgated on or after February 4, 1987.
b. The request shall explain how the requirements of the applicable regulatory or statutory criteria have been met.
2. A request for a variance from the BAT requirements for CWA §301(b)(2)(F) pollutants (commonly called nonconventional pollutants) pursuant to §301(c) of the CWA because of the economic capability of the owner or operator, or pursuant to §301(g) of the CWA (provided however that a §301(g) variance may only be requested for ammonia; chlorine; color; iron; total phenols (when determined by the Administrator to be a pollutant covered by §301(b)(2)(F) of the CWA) and any other pollutant which the administrator lists under §301(g)(4) of the CWA) must be made as follows:
a. For those requests for a variance from an effluent limitation based upon an effluent limitation guideline by:
(1) Submitting an initial request to the regional administrator, as well as to the department, stating the name of the discharger, the permit number, the outfall number(s), the applicable effluent guideline, and whether the discharger is requesting a §§301(c) or 301(g) of the CWA modification, or both. This request must have been filed not later than 270 days after promulgation of an applicable effluent limitation guideline; and
(2) Submitting a completed request no later than the close of the public comment period for the draft permit demonstrating that: (i) all reasonable ascertainable issues have been raised and all reasonably available arguments and materials supporting their position have been submitted; and (ii) that the applicable requirements of 40 CFR Part 125 (2005) have been met. Notwithstanding this provision, the complete application for a request under §301(g) of the CWA shall be filed 180 days before EPA must make a decision (unless the Regional Division Director establishes a shorter or longer period); or
b. For those requests for a variance from effluent limitations not based on effluent limitation guidelines, the request need only comply with subdivision 2 a (2) of this subsection and need not be preceded by an initial request under subdivision 2 a (1) of this subsection.
3. A modification under §302(b)(2) of the CWA of requirements under §302(a) of the CWA for achieving water quality related effluent limitations may be requested no later than the close of the public comment period for the draft permit on the permit from which the modification is sought.
4. A variance for alternate effluent limitations for the thermal component of any discharge must be filed with a timely application for a permit under this section, except that if thermal effluent limitations are established on a case-by-case basis or are based on water quality standards the request for a variance may be filed by the close of the public comment period for the draft permit. A copy of the request shall be sent simultaneously to the department.
M. Variance requests by POTWs. A discharger which is a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) may request a variance from otherwise applicable effluent limitations under any of the following statutory provisions as specified in this paragraph:
1. A request for a modification under §301(h) of the CWA of requirements of §301(b)(1)(B) of the CWA for discharges into marine waters must be filed in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 125, Subpart G (2005).
2. A modification under §302(b)(2) of the CWA of the requirements under §302(a) of the CWA for achieving water quality based effluent limitations shall be requested no later than the close of the public comment period for the draft permit on the permit from which the modification is sought.
N. Expedited variance procedures and time extensions.
1. Notwithstanding the time requirements in subsections L and M of this section, the board may notify a permit applicant before a draft permit is issued that the draft permit will likely contain limitations which are eligible for variances. In the notice the board may require the applicant as a condition of consideration of any potential variance request to submit a request explaining how the requirements of 40 CFR Part 125 (2005) applicable to the variance have been met and may require its submission within a specified reasonable time after receipt of the notice. The notice may be sent before the permit application has been submitted. The draft or final permit may contain the alternative limitations which may become effective upon final grant of the variance.
2. A discharger who cannot file a timely complete request required under subdivisions L 2 a (2) or L 2 b of this section may request an extension. The extension may be granted or denied at the discretion of the board. Extensions shall be no more than six months in duration.
O. Recordkeeping. Except for information required by subdivision C 2 of this section, which shall be retained for a period of at least five years from the date the application is signed (or longer as required by Part VI (9VAC25-31-420 et seq.) of this chapter), applicants shall keep records of all data used to complete permit applications and any supplemental information submitted under this section for a period of at least three years from the date the application is signed.
P. Sewage sludge management. All TWTDS subject to subdivision C 2 a of this section must provide the information in this subsection to the department using an application form approved by the department. New applicants must submit all information available at the time of permit application. The information may be provided by referencing information previously submitted to the department. The board may waive any requirement of this subsection if it has access to substantially identical information. The board may also waive any requirement of this subsection that is not of material concern for a specific permit, if approved by the regional administrator. The waiver request to the regional administrator must include the board''s justification for the waiver. A regional administrator''s disapproval of the board''s proposed waiver does not constitute final agency action, but does provide notice to the board and the permit applicant that the EPA may object to any board issued permit issued in the absence of the required information.
1. All applicants must submit the following information:
a. The name, mailing address, and location of the TWTDS for which the application is submitted;
b. Whether the facility is a Class I Sludge Management Facility;
c. The design flow rate (in million gallons per day);
d. The total population served;
e. The TWTDS''s status as federal, state, private, public, or other entity;
f. The name, mailing address, and telephone number of the applicant; and
g. Indication whether the applicant is the owner, operator, or both.
2. All applicants must submit the facility''s VPDES permit number, if applicable, and a listing of all other federal, state, and local permits or construction approvals received or applied for under any of the following programs:
a. Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA);
b. UIC program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA);
c. NPDES program under the Clean Water Act (CWA);
d. Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act;
e. Nonattainment program under the Clean Air Act;
f. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS) preconstruction approval under the Clean Air Act;
g. Dredge or fill permits under §404 of the CWA;
h. Other relevant environmental permits, including state or local permits.
3. All applicants must identify any generation, treatment, storage, land application, or disposal of sewage sludge that occurs in Indian country.
4. All applicants must submit a topographic map (or other map if a topographic map is unavailable) extending one mile beyond property boundaries of the facility and showing the following information:
a. All sewage sludge management facilities, including on-site treatment, storage, and disposal sites; and
b. Wells, springs, and other surface water bodies that are within 1/4 mile of the property boundaries and listed in public records or otherwise known to the applicant.
5. All applicants must submit a line drawing and/or a narrative description that identifies all sewage sludge management practices employed during the term of the permit, including all units used for collecting, dewatering, storing, or treating sewage sludge; the destination(s) of all liquids and solids leaving each such unit; and all processes used for pathogen reduction and vector attraction reduction.
6. The applicant must submit sewage sludge monitoring data for the pollutants for which limits in sewage sludge have been established in Part VI (9VAC25-31-420 et seq.) of this chapter for the applicant''s use or disposal practices on the date of permit application with the following conditions:
a. The board may require sampling for additional pollutants, as appropriate, on a case-by-case basis.
b. Applicants must provide data from a minimum of three samples taken within 4-1/2 years prior to the date of the permit application. Samples must be representative of the sewage sludge and should be taken at least one month apart. Existing data may be used in lieu of sampling done solely for the purpose of this application.
c. Applicants must collect and analyze samples in accordance with analytical methods specified in 9VAC25-31-490 unless an alternative has been specified in an existing sewage sludge permit.
d. The monitoring data provided must include at least the following information for each parameter:
(1) Average monthly concentration for all samples (mg/kg dry weight), based upon actual sample values;
(2) The analytical method used; and
(3) The method detection level.
7. If the applicant is a person who prepares sewage sludge, as defined in 9VAC25-31-500, the applicant must provide the following information:
a. If the applicant''s facility generates sewage sludge, the total dry metric tons per 365-day period generated at the facility.
b. If the applicant''s facility receives sewage sludge from another facility, the following information for each facility from which sewage sludge is received:
(1) The name, mailing address, and location of the other facility;
(2) The total dry metric tons per 365-day period received from the other facility; and
(3) A description of any treatment processes occurring at the other facility, including blending activities and treatment to reduce pathogens or vector attraction characteristics.
c. If the applicant''s facility changes the quality of sewage sludge through blending, treatment, or other activities, the following information:
(1) Whether the Class A pathogen reduction requirements in 9VAC25-31-710 A or the Class B pathogen reduction requirements in 9VAC25-31-710 B are met, and a description of any treatment processes used to reduce pathogens in sewage sludge;
(2) Whether any of the vector attraction reduction options of 9VAC25-31-720 B 1 through 8 are met, and a description of any treatment processes used to reduce vector attraction properties in sewage sludge; and
(3) A description of any other blending, treatment, or other activities that change the quality of sewage sludge.
d. If sewage sludge from the applicant''s facility meets the ceiling concentrations in 9VAC25-31-540 B 1, the pollutant concentrations in 9VAC25-31-540 B 3, the Class A pathogen requirements in 9VAC25-31-710 A, and one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in 9VAC25-31-720 B 1 through 8, and if the sewage sludge is applied to the land, the applicant must provide the total dry metric tons per 365-day period of sewage sludge subject to this subsection that is applied to the land.
e. If sewage sludge from the applicant''s facility is sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land, and the sewage sludge is not subject to subdivision 7 d of this subsection, the applicant must provide the following information:
(1) The total dry metric tons per 365-day period of sewage sludge subject to this subsection that is sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land; and
(2) A copy of all labels or notices that accompany the sewage sludge being sold or given away.
f. If sewage sludge from the applicant''s facility is provided to another person who prepares sewage sludge, as defined in 9VAC25-31-500, and the sewage sludge is not subject to subdivision 7 d of this subsection, the applicant must provide the following information for each facility receiving the sewage sludge:
(1) The name and mailing address of the receiving facility;
(2) The total dry metric tons per 365-day period of sewage sludge subject to this subsection that the applicant provides to the receiving facility;
(3) A description of any treatment processes occurring at the receiving facility, including blending activities and treatment to reduce pathogens or vector attraction characteristic;
(4) A copy of the notice and necessary information that the applicant is required to provide the receiving facility under 9VAC25-31-530 G; and
(5) If the receiving facility places sewage sludge in bags or containers for sale or give-away to application to the land, a copy of any labels or notices that accompany the sewage sludge.
8. If sewage sludge from the applicant''s facility is applied to the land in bulk form and is not subject to subdivision 7 d, e or f of this subsection, the applicant must provide the following information:
a. The total dry metric tons per 365-day period of sewage sludge subject to this subsection that is applied to the land.
b. If any land application sites are located in states other than the state where the sewage sludge is prepared, a description of how the applicant will notify the permitting authority for the state(s) where the land application sites are located.
c. The following information for each land application site that has been identified at the time of permit application:
(1) The name (if any), and location for the land application site;
(2) The site''s latitude and longitude to the nearest second, and method of determination;
(3) A topographic map (or other map if a topographic map is unavailable) that shows the site''s location;
(4) The name, mailing address, and telephone number of the site owner, if different from the applicant;
(5) The name, mailing address, and telephone number of the person who applies sewage sludge to the site, if different from the applicant;
(6) Whether the site is agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site, as such site types are defined in 9VAC25-31-500;
(7) The type of vegetation grown on the site, if known, and the nitrogen requirement for this vegetation;
(8) Whether either of the vector attraction reduction options of 9VAC25-31-720 B 9 or 10 is met at the site, and a description of any procedures employed at the time of use to reduce vector attraction properties in sewage sludge; and
(9) Other information that describes how the site will be managed, as specified by the board.
d. The following information for each land application site that has been identified at the time of permit application, if the applicant intends to apply bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in 9VAC25-31-540 B 2 to the site:
(1) Whether the applicant has contacted the permitting authority in the state where the bulk sewage sludge subject to 9VAC25-31-540 B 2 will be applied, to ascertain whether bulk sewage sludge subject to 9VAC25-31-540 B 2 has been applied to the site on or since July 20, 1993, and if so, the name of the permitting authority and the name and phone number of a contact person at the permitting authority;
(2) Identification of facilities other than the applicant''s facility that have sent, or are sending, sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in 9VAC25-31-540 B 2 to the site since July 20, 1993, if, based on the inquiry in subdivision 8 d (1) of this subsection, bulk sewage sludge subject to cumulative pollutant loading rates in 9VAC25-31-540 B 2 has been applied to the site since July 20, 1993.
e. If not all land application sites have been identified at the time of permit application, the applicant must submit a land application plan that, at a minimum:
(1) Describes the geographical area covered by the plan;
(2) Identifies the site selection criteria;
(3) Describes how the site(s) will be managed;
(4) Provides for advance notice to the board of specific land application sites and reasonable time for the board to object prior to land application of the sewage sludge and to notify persons residing on property bordering such sites for the purpose of receiving written comments from those persons for a period not to exceed 30 days. The department shall, based upon these comments, determine whether additional site-specific requirements should be included in the authorization for land application at the site; and
(5) Provides for advance public notice of land application sites in a newspaper of general circulation in the area of the land application site.
A request to increase the acreage authorized by the permit by 50% or more shall be treated as a new application for purposes of public notice and public hearings.
9. An applicant for a permit authorizing the land application of sewage sludge shall provide to the department, and to each locality in which the applicant proposes to land apply sewage sludge, written evidence of financial responsibility, including both current liability and pollution insurance, or such other evidence of financial responsibility as the board may establish by regulation in an amount not less than $1 million per occurrence, which shall be available to pay claims for cleanup costs, personal injury, bodily injury and property damage resulting from the transport, storage and land application of sewage sludge in Virginia. The aggregate amount of financial liability to be maintained by the applicant shall be $1 million for companies with less than $5 million in annual gross revenue and shall be $2 million for companies with $5 million or more in annual gross revenue.
9. 10. If sewage sludge from the applicant''s
facility is placed on a surface disposal site, the applicant must provide the
following information:
a. The total dry metric tons of sewage sludge from the applicant''s facility that is placed on surface disposal sites per 365-day period.
b. The following information for each surface disposal site receiving sewage sludge from the applicant''s facility that the applicant does not own or operate:
(1) The site name or number, contact person, mailing address, and telephone number for the surface disposal site; and
(2) The total dry metric tons from the applicant''s facility per 365-day period placed on the surface disposal site.
c. The following information for each active sewage sludge unit at each surface disposal site that the applicant owns or operates:
(1) The name or number and the location of the active sewage sludge unit;
(2) The unit''s latitude and longitude to the nearest second, and method of determination;
(3) If not already provided, a topographic map (or other map if a topographic map is unavailable) that shows the unit''s location;
(4) The total dry metric tons placed on the active sewage sludge unit per 365-day period;
(5) The total dry metric tons placed on the active sewage sludge unit over the life of the unit;
(6) A description of any liner for the active sewage sludge unit, including whether it has a maximum permeability of 1 X 10-7cm/sec;
(7) A description of any leachate collection system for the active sewage sludge unit, including the method used for leachate disposal, and any federal, state, and local permit number(s) for leachate disposal;
(8) If the active sewage sludge unit is less than 150 meters from the property line of the surface disposal site, the actual distance from the unit boundary to the site property line;
(9) The remaining capacity (dry metric tons) for the active sewage sludge unit;
(10) The date on which the active sewage sludge unit is expected to close, if such a date has been identified;
(11) The following information for any other facility that sends sewage sludge to the active sewage sludge unit:
(a) The name, contact person, and mailing address of the facility; and
(b) Available information regarding the quality of the sewage sludge received from the facility, including any treatment at the facility to reduce pathogens or vector attraction characteristics;
(12) Whether any of the vector attraction reduction options of 9VAC25-31-720 B 9 through 11 is met at the active sewage sludge unit, and a description of any procedures employed at the time of disposal to reduce vector attraction properties in sewage sludge;
(13) The following information, as applicable to any groundwater monitoring occurring at the active sewage sludge unit:
(a) A description of any groundwater monitoring occurring at the active sewage sludge unit;
(b) Any available groundwater monitoring data, with a description of the well locations and approximate depth to groundwater;
(c) A copy of any groundwater monitoring plan that has been prepared for the active sewage sludge unit;
(d) A copy of any certification that has been obtained from a qualified groundwater scientist that the aquifer has not been contaminated; and
(14) If site-specific pollutant limits are being sought for the sewage sludge placed on this active sewage sludge unit, information to support such a request.
10. 11. If sewage sludge from the applicant''s
facility is fired in a sewage sludge incinerator, the applicant must provide
the following information:
a. The total dry metric tons of sewage sludge from the applicant''s facility that is fired in sewage sludge incinerators per 365-day period.
b. The following information for each sewage sludge incinerator firing the applicant''s sewage sludge that the applicant does not own or operate:
(1) The name and/or number, contact person, mailing address, and telephone number of the sewage sludge incinerator; and
(2) The total dry metric tons from the applicant''s facility per 365-day period fired in the sewage sludge incinerator.
11. 12. If sewage sludge from the applicant''s
facility is sent to a municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF), the applicant
must provide the following information for each MSWLF to which sewage sludge is
sent:
a. The name, contact person, mailing address, location, and all applicable permit numbers of the MSWLF;
b. The total dry metric tons per 365-day period sent from this facility to the MSWLF;
c. A determination of whether the sewage sludge meets applicable requirements for disposal of sewage sludge in a MSWLF, including the results of the paint filter liquids test and any additional requirements that apply on a site-specific basis; and
d. Information, if known, indicating whether the MSWLF complies with criteria set forth in the Virginia Solid Waste Management Regulations, 9VAC20-80.
12. 13. All applicants must provide the name,
mailing address, telephone number, and responsibilities of all contractors
responsible for any operational or maintenance aspects of the facility related
to sewage sludge generation, treatment, use, or disposal.
13. 14. At the request of the board, the
applicant must provide any other information necessary to determine the
appropriate standards for permitting under Part VI (9VAC25-31-420 et seq.) of
this chapter, and must provide any other information necessary to assess the
sewage sludge use and disposal practices, determine whether to issue a permit,
or identify appropriate permit requirements; and pertinent plans,
specifications, maps and such other relevant information as may be required, in
scope and details satisfactory to the board.
14. 15. All applications must be signed by a
certifying official in compliance with 9VAC25-31-110.
Q. Applications for facilities with cooling water intake structures.
1. Application requirements.
a. New facilities with new or modified cooling water intake structures. New facilities with cooling water intake structures as defined in 9VAC25-31-165 must report the information required under subdivisions 2, 3, and 4 of this subsection and under 9VAC25-31-165. Requests for alternative requirements under 9VAC25-31-165 must be submitted with the permit application.
b. Phase II existing facilities. Phase II existing facilities as defined in 9VAC25-31-165 must submit to the board for review the information required under subdivisions 2, 3, and 5 of this subsection and all applicable provisions of 9VAC25-31-165 as part of their application except for the proposal for information collection, which must be provided in accordance with 9VAC25-31-165 C 3 b (1).
2. Source water physical data. These include:
a. A narrative description and scaled drawings showing the physical configuration of all source water bodies used by the facility, including area dimensions, depths, salinity and temperature regimes, and other documentation that supports the determination of the water body type where each cooling water intake structure is located;
b. Identification and characterization of the source water body''s hydrological and geomorphologic features, as well as the methods used to conduct any physical studies to determine the intake''s area of influence within the water body and the results of such studies; and
c. Location maps.
3. Cooling water intake structure data. These include:
a. A narrative description of the configuration of each cooling water intake structure and where it is located in the water body and in the water column;
b. Latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds for each cooling water intake structure;
c. A narrative description of the operation of each cooling water intake structure, including design intake flow, daily hours of operation, number of days of the year in operation and seasonal changes, if applicable;
d. A flow distribution and water balance diagram that includes all sources of water to the facility, recirculation flows and discharges; and
e. Engineering drawings of the cooling water intake structure.
4. Source water baseline biological characterization data. This information is required to characterize the biological community in the vicinity of the cooling water intake structure and to characterize the operation of the cooling water intake structures. The department may also use this information in subsequent permit renewal proceedings to determine if the design and construction technology plan as required in 9VAC25-31-165 should be revised. This supporting information must include existing data if available. Existing data may be supplemented with data from newly conducted field studies. The information must include:
a. A list of the data in subdivisions 4 b through 4 f of this subsection that is not available and efforts made to identify sources of the data;
b. A list of species (or relevant taxa) for all life stages and their relative abundance in the vicinity of the cooling water intake structure;
c. Identification of the species and life stages that would be most susceptible to impingement and entrainment. Species evaluated should include the forage base as well as those most important in terms of significance to commercial and recreational fisheries;
d. Identification and evaluation of the primary period of reproduction, larval recruitment, and period of peak abundance for relevant taxa;
e. Data representative of the seasonal and daily activities (e.g., feeding and water column migration) of biological organisms in the vicinity of the cooling water intake structure;
f. Identification of all threatened, endangered, and other protected species that might be susceptible to impingement and entrainment at the cooling water intake structures;
g. Documentation of any public participation or consultation with federal or state agencies undertaken in development of the plan; and
h. If information requested in subdivision 4 of this subsection is supplemented with data collected using field studies, supporting documentation for the source water baseline biological characterization must include a description of all methods and quality assurance procedures for sampling, and data analysis including a description of the study area; taxonomic identification of sampled and evaluated biological assemblages (including all life stages of fish and shellfish); and sampling and data analysis methods. The sampling and/or data analysis methods used must be appropriate for a quantitative survey and based on consideration of methods used in other biological studies performed within the same source water body. The study area should include, at a minimum, the area of influence of the cooling water intake structure.
5. Cooling water system data. Phase II existing facilities as defined in 9VAC25-31-165 must provide the following information for each cooling water intake structure they use:
a. A narrative description of the operation of the cooling water system, its relationship to cooling water intake structures, the proportion of the design intake flow that is used in the system, the number of days of the year the cooling water system is in operation and seasonal changes in the operation of the system, if applicable; and
b. Design and engineering calculations prepared by a qualified professional and supporting data to support the description required by subdivision 5 a of this subsection.
Note 1: Until further notice subdivision G 7 e (1) of this section and the corresponding portions of the VPDES application Form 2C are suspended as they apply to coal mines.
Note 2: Until further notice subdivision G 7 e (1) of this section and the corresponding portions of Item V-C of the VPDES application Form 2C are suspended as they apply to:
a. Testing and reporting for all four organic fractions in the Greige Mills Subcategory of the Textile Mills industry (subpart C-Low water use processing of 40 CFR Part 410 (2005)), and testing and reporting for the pesticide fraction in all other subcategories of this industrial category.
b. Testing and reporting for the volatile, base/neutral and pesticide fractions in the Base and Precious Metals Subcategory of the Ore Mining and Dressing industry (subpart B of 40 CFR Part 440 (2005)), and testing and reporting for all four fractions in all other subcategories of this industrial category.
c. Testing and reporting for all four GC/MS fractions in the Porcelain Enameling industry.
Note 3: Until further notice subdivision G 7 e (1) of this section and the corresponding portions of Item V-C of the VPDES application Form 2C are suspended as they apply to:
a. Testing and reporting for the pesticide fraction in the Tall Oil Rosin Subcategory (subpart D) and Rosin-Based Derivatives Subcategory (subpart F) of the Gum and Wood Chemicals industry (40 CFR Part 454 (2005)), and testing and reporting for the pesticide and base-neutral fractions in all other subcategories of this industrial category.
b. Testing and reporting for the pesticide fraction in the leather tanning and finishing, paint and ink formulation, and photographic supplies industrial categories.
c. Testing and reporting for the acid, base/neutral and pesticide fractions in the petroleum refining industrial category.
d. Testing and reporting for the pesticide fraction in the Papergrade Sulfite Subcategories (subparts J and U) of the Pulp and Paper industry (40 CFR Part 430 (2005)); testing and reporting for the base/neutral and pesticide fractions in the following subcategories: Deink (subpart Q), Dissolving Kraft (subpart F), and Paperboard from Waste Paper (subpart E); testing and reporting for the volatile, base/neutral and pesticide fractions in the following subcategories: BCT Bleached Kraft (subpart H), Semi-Chemical (subparts B and C), and Nonintegrated-Fine Papers (subpart R); and testing and reporting for the acid, base/neutral, and pesticide fractions in the following subcategories: Fine Bleached Kraft (subpart I), Dissolving Sulfite Pulp (subpart K), Groundwood-Fine Papers (subpart O), Market Bleached Kraft (subpart G), Tissue from Wastepaper (subpart T), and Nonintegrated-Tissue Papers (subpart S).
e. Testing and reporting for the base/neutral fraction in the Once-Through Cooling Water, Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Transport Water process wastestreams of the Steam Electric Power Plant industrial category.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 (10) of the Code of Virginia; §402 of the
Clean Water Act, 40 CFR Parts 122, 123, 124, 403 and 503.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 16, Issue 25, eff. September 27, 2000; Volume 17, Issue 13, eff. April 11, 2001; Volume 18, Issue 9, eff. February 15, 2002; Volume 18, Issue 25, eff. September 25, 2002.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 21, Issue 2, eff. November 3, 2004; Volume 21, Issue 9, eff. February 9, 2005; Errata 21:14 VA.R. 2022 March 21, 2005; Volume 22, Issue 24, eff. September 6, 2006; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-31-220. Establishing limitations, standards, and other permit conditions.
In addition to the conditions established under 9VAC25-31-210 A, each VPDES permit shall include conditions meeting the following requirements when applicable.
A. 1. Technology-based effluent limitations and standards based on effluent limitations and standards promulgated under §301 of the CWA, on new source performance standards promulgated under §306 of CWA, on case-by-case effluent limitations determined under §402(a)(1) of CWA, or a combination of the three. For new sources or new dischargers, these technology-based limitations and standards are subject to the provisions of 9VAC25-31-180 B (protection period).
2. The board may authorize a discharger subject to technology-based effluent limitations guidelines and standards in a VPDES permit to forego sampling of a pollutant found at 40 CFR Subchapter N (2005) if the discharger has demonstrated through sampling and other technical factors that the pollutant is not present in the discharge or is present only at background levels from intake water and without any increase in the pollutant due to activities of the discharger. This waiver is good only for the term of the permit and is not available during the term of the first permit issued to a discharger. Any request for this waiver must be submitted when applying for a reissued permit or modification of a reissued permit. The request must demonstrate through sampling or other technical information, including information generated during an earlier permit term, that the pollutant is not present in the discharge or is present only at background levels from intake water and without any increase in the pollutant due to activities of the discharger. Any grant of the monitoring waiver must be included in the permit as an express permit condition and the reasons supporting the grant must be documented in the permit''s fact sheet or statement of basis. This provision does not supersede certification processes and requirements already established in existing effluent limitations guidelines and standards.
B. Other effluent limitations and standards.
1. Other effluent limitations and standards under §§301, 302, 303, 307, 318 and 405 of the CWA. If any applicable toxic effluent standard or prohibition (including any schedule of compliance specified in such effluent standard or prohibition) is promulgated under §307(a) of the CWA for a toxic pollutant and that standard or prohibition is more stringent than any limitation on the pollutant in the permit, the board shall institute proceedings under this chapter to modify or revoke and reissue the permit to conform to the toxic effluent standard or prohibition.
2. Standards for sewage sludge use or disposal under §405(d) of
the CWA and Part VI (9VAC25-31-420 et seq.) of this chapter unless those
standards have been included in a permit issued under the appropriate provisions
of Subtitle C of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 USC §6901 et seq.), Part C of
Safe Drinking Water Act (42 USC §300f et seq.), the Marine Protection,
Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 USC §1401 et seq.), or the Clean Air
Act (42 USC §4701 et seq.), or in another permit issued by the Department of
Environmental Quality, the Virginia Department of Health or any other
appropriate state agency under another permit program approved by the
administrator. When there are no applicable standards for sewage sludge use or
disposal, the permit may include requirements developed on a case-by-case basis
to protect public health and the environment from any adverse effects which may
occur from toxic pollutants in sewage sludge. If any applicable standard for sewage
sludge use or disposal is promulgated under §405(d) of the CWA and that
standard is more stringent than any limitation on the pollutant or practice in
the permit, the board may initiate proceedings under this chapter to modify or
revoke and reissue the permit to conform to the standard for sewage sludge use
or disposal.
3. Requirements applicable to cooling water intake structures at new facilities under §316 (b) of the CWA, in accordance with 9VAC25-31-165.
C. Reopener clause. For any permit issued to a treatment works treating domestic sewage (including sludge-only facilities), the board shall include a reopener clause to incorporate any applicable standard for sewage sludge use or disposal promulgated under §405(d) of the CWA. The board may promptly modify or revoke and reissue any permit containing the reopener clause required by this subdivision if the standard for sewage sludge use or disposal is more stringent than any requirements for sludge use or disposal in the permit, or controls a pollutant or practice not limited in the permit.
D. Water quality standards and state requirements. Any requirements in addition to or more stringent than promulgated effluent limitations guidelines or standards under §§301, 304, 306, 307, 318 and 405 of the CWA necessary to:
1. Achieve water quality standards established under the law and §303 of the CWA, including state narrative criteria for water quality.
a. Limitations must control all pollutants or pollutant parameters (either conventional, nonconventional, or toxic pollutants) which the board determines are or may be discharged at a level which will cause, have the reasonable potential to cause, or contribute to an excursion above any Virginia water quality standard, including Virginia narrative criteria for water quality.
b. When determining whether a discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause, or contributes to an in-stream excursion above a narrative or numeric criteria within a Virginia water quality standard, the board shall use procedures which account for existing controls on point and nonpoint sources of pollution, the variability of the pollutant or pollutant parameter in the effluent, the sensitivity of the species to toxicity testing (when evaluating whole effluent toxicity), and where appropriate, the dilution of the effluent in the receiving water.
c. When the board determines, using the procedures in subdivision 1 b of this subsection, that a discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause, or contributes to an in-stream excursion above the allowable ambient concentration of a Virginia numeric criteria within a Virginia water quality standard for an individual pollutant, the permit must contain effluent limits for that pollutant.
d. Except as provided in this subdivision, when the board determines, using the procedures in subdivision 1 b of this subsection, toxicity testing data, or other information, that a discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause, or contributes to an in-stream excursion above a narrative criterion within an applicable Virginia water quality standard, the permit must contain effluent limits for whole effluent toxicity. Limits on whole effluent toxicity are not necessary where the board demonstrates in the fact sheet or statement of basis of the VPDES permit, using the procedures in subdivision 1 b of this subsection, that chemical-specific limits for the effluent are sufficient to attain and maintain applicable numeric and narrative Virginia water quality standards.
e. Where Virginia has not established a water quality criterion for a specific chemical pollutant that is present in an effluent at a concentration that causes, has the reasonable potential to cause, or contributes to an excursion above a narrative criterion within an applicable Virginia water quality standard, the board must establish effluent limits using one or more of the following options:
(1) Establish effluent limits using a calculated numeric water quality criterion for the pollutant which the board demonstrates will attain and maintain applicable narrative water quality criteria and will fully protect the designated use. Such a criterion may be derived using a proposed Virginia criterion, or an explicit policy or regulation interpreting Virginia''s narrative water quality criterion, supplemented with other relevant information which may include: EPA''s Water Quality Standards Handbook, August 1994, risk assessment data, exposure data, information about the pollutant from the Food and Drug Administration, and current EPA criteria documents;
(2) Establish effluent limits on a case-by-case basis, using EPA''s water quality criteria, published under §307(a) of the CWA, supplemented where necessary by other relevant information; or
(3) Establish effluent limitations on an indicator parameter for the pollutant of concern, provided:
(a) The permit identifies which pollutants are intended to be controlled by the use of the effluent limitation;
(b) The fact sheet required by 9VAC25-31-280 sets forth the basis for the limit, including a finding that compliance with the effluent limit on the indicator parameter will result in controls on the pollutant of concern which are sufficient to attain and maintain applicable water quality standards;
(c) The permit requires all effluent and ambient monitoring necessary to show that during the term of the permit the limit on the indicator parameter continues to attain and maintain applicable water quality standards; and
(d) The permit contains a reopener clause allowing the board to modify or revoke and reissue the permit if the limits on the indicator parameter no longer attain and maintain applicable water quality standards.
f. When developing water quality-based effluent limits under this subdivision the board shall ensure that:
(1) The level of water quality to be achieved by limits on point sources established under this subsection is derived from, and complies with all applicable water quality standards; and
(2) Effluent limits developed to protect a narrative water quality criterion, a numeric water quality criterion, or both, are consistent with the assumptions and requirements of any available wasteload allocation for the discharge prepared by Virginia and approved by EPA pursuant to 40 CFR 130.7 (2005);
2. Attain or maintain a specified water quality through water quality related effluent limits established under the law and §302 of the CWA;
3. Conform to the conditions of a Virginia Water Protection
Permit (VWPP) issued under the law and §401 of the CWA.;
4. Conform to applicable water quality requirements under §401(a)(2) of the CWA when the discharge affects a state other than Virginia;
5. Incorporate any more stringent limitations, treatment standards, or schedule of compliance requirements established under the law or regulations in accordance with §301(b)(1)(C) of the CWA;
6. Ensure consistency with the requirements of a Water Quality Management plan approved by EPA under §208(b) of the CWA;
7. Incorporate §403(c) criteria under 40 CFR Part 125, Subpart M (2005), for ocean discharges; or
8. Incorporate alternative effluent limitations or standards where warranted by fundamentally different factors, under 40 the CFR Part 125, Subpart D (2005).
E. Technology-based controls for toxic pollutants. Limitations established under subsections A, B, or D of this section, to control pollutants meeting the criteria listed in subdivision 1 of this subsection. Limitations will be established in accordance with subdivision 2 of this subsection. An explanation of the development of these limitations shall be included in the fact sheet.
1. Limitations must control all toxic pollutants which the board determines (based on information reported in a permit application or in a notification required by the permit or on other information) are or may be discharged at a level greater than the level which can be achieved by the technology-based treatment requirements appropriate to the permittee; or
2. The requirement that the limitations control the pollutants meeting the criteria of subdivision 1 of this subsection will be satisfied by:
a. Limitations on those pollutants; or
b. Limitations on other pollutants which, in the judgment of the board, will provide treatment of the pollutants under subdivision 1 of this subsection to the levels required by the law and 40 CFR Part 125, Subpart A (2005).
F. A notification level which exceeds the notification level of 9VAC25-31-200 A 1 a, b, or c, upon a petition from the permittee or on the board''s initiative. This new notification level may not exceed the level which can be achieved by the technology-based treatment requirements appropriate to the permittee.
G. Twenty-four-hour reporting. Pollutants for which the permittee must report violations of maximum daily discharge limitations under 9VAC25-31-190 L 7 b (3) (24-hour reporting) shall be listed in the permit. This list shall include any toxic pollutant or hazardous substance, or any pollutant specifically identified as the method to control a toxic pollutant or hazardous substance.
H. Durations for permits, as set forth in 9VAC25-31-240.
I. Monitoring requirements. The following monitoring requirements:
1. Requirements concerning the proper use, maintenance, and installation, when appropriate, of monitoring equipment or methods (including biological monitoring methods when appropriate);
2. Required monitoring including type, intervals, and frequency sufficient to yield data which are representative of the monitored activity including, when appropriate, continuous monitoring;
3. Applicable reporting requirements based upon the impact of the regulated activity and as specified in 9VAC25-31-190 and in subdivisions 5 through 8 of this subsection. Reporting shall be no less frequent than specified in the above regulation;
4. To assure compliance with permit limitations, requirements to monitor:
a. The mass (or other measurement specified in the permit) for each pollutant limited in the permit;
b. The volume of effluent discharged from each outfall;
c. Other measurements as appropriate including pollutants in internal waste streams; pollutants in intake water for net limitations; frequency, rate of discharge, etc., for noncontinuous discharges; pollutants subject to notification requirements; and pollutants in sewage sludge or other monitoring as specified in Part VI (9VAC25-31-420 et seq.) of this chapter; or as determined to be necessary on a case-by-case basis pursuant to the law and §405(d)(4) of the CWA; and
d. According to test procedures approved under 40 CFR Part 136 (2005) for the analyses of pollutants having approved methods under that part, or alternative EPA approved methods, and according to a test procedure specified in the permit for pollutants with no approved methods;
5. Except as provided in subdivisions 7 and 8 of this subsection, requirements to report monitoring results shall be established on a case-by-case basis with a frequency dependent on the nature and effect of the discharge, but in no case less that once a year. For sewage sludge use or disposal practices, requirements to monitor and report results shall be established on a case-by-case basis with a frequency dependent on the nature and effect of the sewage sludge use or disposal practice; minimally this shall be as specified in Part VI (9VAC25-31-420 et seq.) of this chapter (where applicable), but in no case less than once a year;
6. Requirements to report monitoring results for storm water discharges associated with industrial activity which are subject to an effluent limitation guideline shall be established on a case-by-case basis with a frequency dependent on the nature and effect of the discharge, but in no case less than once a year;
7. Requirements to report monitoring results for storm water discharges associated with industrial activity (other than those addressed in subdivision 6 of this subsection) shall be established on a case-by-case basis with a frequency dependent on the nature and effect of the discharge. At a minimum, a permit for such a discharge must require:
a. The discharger to conduct an annual inspection of the facility site to identify areas contributing to a storm water discharge associated with industrial activity and evaluate whether measures to reduce pollutant loading identified in a storm water pollution prevention plan are adequate and properly implemented in accordance with the terms of the permit or whether additional control measures are needed;
b. The discharger to maintain for a period of three years a record summarizing the results of the inspection and a certification that the facility is in compliance with the plan and the permit, and identifying any incidents of noncompliance;
c. Such report and certification be signed in accordance with 9VAC25-31-110; and
d. Permits for storm water discharges associated with industrial activity from inactive mining operations may, where annual inspections are impracticable, require certification once every three years by a Registered Professional Engineer that the facility is in compliance with the permit, or alternative requirements; and
8. Permits which do not require the submittal of monitoring result reports at least annually shall require that the permittee report all instances of noncompliance not reported under 9VAC25-31-190 L 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 at least annually.
J. Pretreatment program for POTWs. Requirements for POTWs to:
1. Identify, in terms of character and volume of pollutants, any significant indirect dischargers into the POTW subject to pretreatment standards under §307(b) of the CWA and Part VII (9VAC25-31-730 et seq.) of this chapter;
2. Submit a local program when required by and in accordance with Part VII of this chapter to assure compliance with pretreatment standards to the extent applicable under §307(b) of the CWA. The local program shall be incorporated into the permit as described in Part VII of this chapter. The program shall require all indirect dischargers to the POTW to comply with the reporting requirements of Part VII of this chapter;
3. Provide a written technical evaluation of the need to revise local limits under Part VII of this chapter following permit issuance or reissuance; and
4. For POTWs which are sludge-only facilities, a requirement to develop a pretreatment program under Part VII of this chapter when the board determines that a pretreatment program is necessary to assure compliance with Part VI of this chapter.
K. Best management practices to control or abate the discharge of pollutants when:
1. Authorized under §304(e) of the CWA for the control of toxic pollutants and hazardous substances from ancillary industrial activities;
2. Authorized under §402(p) of the CWA for the control of storm water discharges;
3. Numeric effluent limitations are infeasible; or
4. The practices are reasonably necessary to achieve effluent limitations and standards or to carry out the purposes and intent of the law and the CWA.
L. Reissued permits.
1. In the case of effluent limitations established on the basis of §402(a)(1)(B) of the CWA, a permit may not be renewed, reissued, or modified on the basis of effluent guidelines promulgated under §304(b) of the CWA subsequent to the original issuance of such permit, to contain effluent limitations which are less stringent than the comparable effluent limitations in the previous permit. In the case of effluent limitations established on the basis of §§301(b)(1)(C) or 303(d) or (e) of the CWA, a permit may not be renewed, reissued, or modified to contain effluent limitations which are less stringent than the comparable effluent limitations in the previous permit except in compliance with §303(d)(4) of the CWA.
2. Exceptions. A permit with respect to which subdivision 1 of this subsection applies may be renewed, reissued, or modified to contain a less stringent effluent limitation applicable to a pollutant, if:
a. Material and substantial alterations or additions to the permitted facility occurred after permit issuance which justify the application of a less stringent effluent limitation;
b. (1) Information is available which was not available at the time of permit issuance (other than revised regulations, guidance, or test methods) and which would have justified the application of a less stringent effluent limitation at the time of permit issuance; or
(2) The board determines that technical mistakes or mistaken interpretations of law were made in issuing the permit under §402(a)(1)(B) of the CWA;
c. A less stringent effluent limitation is necessary because of events over which the permittee has no control and for which there is no reasonably available remedy;
d. The permittee has received a permit modification under the law and §§301(c), 301(g), 301(h), 301(i), 301(k), 301(n), or 316(a) of the CWA; or
e. The permittee has installed the treatment facilities required to meet the effluent limitations in the previous permit and has properly operated and maintained the facilities but has nevertheless been unable to achieve the previous effluent limitations, in which case the limitations in the reviewed, reissued, or modified permit may reflect the level of pollutant control actually achieved (but shall not be less stringent than required by effluent guidelines in effect at the time of permit renewal, reissuance, or modification).
Subdivision 2 b of this subsection shall not apply to any revised waste load allocations or any alternative grounds for translating water quality standards into effluent limitations, except where the cumulative effect of such revised allocations results in a decrease in the amount of pollutants discharged into the concerned waters, and such revised allocations are not the result of a discharger eliminating or substantially reducing its discharge of pollutants due to complying with the requirements of the law or the CWA or for reasons otherwise unrelated to water quality.
3. In no event may a permit with respect to which subdivision 2 of this subsection applies be renewed, reissued, or modified to contain an effluent limitation which is less stringent than required by effluent guidelines in effect at the time the permit is renewed, reissued, or modified. In no event may such a permit to discharge into waters be renewed, issued, or modified to contain a less stringent effluent limitation if the implementation of such limitation would result in a violation of a Virginia water quality standard applicable to such waters.
M. For a privately owned treatment works, any conditions expressly applicable to any user, as a limited co-permittee, that may be necessary in the permit issued to the treatment works to ensure compliance with applicable requirements under this part. Alternatively, the board may issue separate permits to the treatment works and to its users, or may require a separate permit application from any user. The board''s decision to issue a permit with no conditions applicable to any user, to impose conditions on one or more users, to issue separate permits, or to require separate applications, and the basis for that decision, shall be stated in the fact sheet for the draft permit for the treatment works.
N. Any conditions imposed in grants made by the board to POTWs under §§201 and 204 of the CWA which are reasonably necessary for the achievement of effluent limitations under §301 of the CWA and the law.
O. Requirements governing the disposal of sewage sludge from publicly owned treatment works or any other treatment works treating domestic sewage for any use regulated by Part VI of this chapter.
P. When a permit is issued to a facility that may operate at certain times as a means of transportation over water, a condition that the discharge shall comply with any applicable regulations promulgated by the secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, that establish specifications for safe transportation, handling, carriage, and storage of pollutants.
Q. Navigation. Any conditions that the Secretary of the Army considers necessary to ensure that navigation and anchorage will not be substantially impaired in accordance with 9VAC25-31-330.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 (10) of the Code of Virginia; §402 of the
Clean Water Act, 40 CFR Parts 122, 123, 124, 403 and 503.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 16, Issue 25, eff. September 27, 2000; Volume 17, Issue 13, eff. April 11, 2001; Volume 18, Issue 9, eff. February 15, 2002.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 21, Issue 9, eff. February 9, 2005; Volume 22, Issue 24, eff. September 6, 2006; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-31-290. Public notice of permit actions and public comment period.
A. Scope.
1. The board shall give public notice that the following actions have occurred:
a. A draft permit has been prepared under 9VAC25-31-260 D;
b. A public hearing has been scheduled under 9VAC25-31-310; or
c. A VPDES new source determination has been made under 9VAC25-31-180.
2. No public notice is required when a request for permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination is denied under 9VAC25-31-370 B. Written notice of that denial shall be given to the requester and to the permittee. Public notice shall not be required for submission or approval of plans and specifications or conceptual engineering reports not required to be submitted as part of the application.
3. Public notices may describe more than one permit or permit actions.
B. Timing.
1. Public notice of the preparation of a draft permit required under subsection A of this section shall allow at least 30 days for public comment.
2. Public notice of a public hearing shall be given at least 30 days before the hearing. (Public notice of the hearing may be given at the same time as public notice of the draft permit and the two notices may be combined.)
C. Methods. Public notice of activities described in subdivision A 1 of this section shall be given by the following methods:
1. By mailing a copy of a notice to the following persons (any person otherwise entitled to receive notice under this subdivision may waive his or her rights to receive notice for any classes and categories of permits):
a. The applicant (except for VPDES general permits when there is no applicant);
b. Any other agency which the board knows has issued or is required to issue a VPDES, sludge management permit;
c. Federal and state agencies with jurisdiction over fish, shellfish, and wildlife resources and over coastal zone management plans, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, State Historic Preservation Officers, including any affected states (Indian Tribes);
d. Any state agency responsible for plan development under §208(b)(2), 208(b)(4) or §303(e) of the CWA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service;
e. Any user identified in the permit application of a privately owned treatment works;
f. Persons on a mailing list developed by:
(1) Including those who request in writing to be on the list;
(2) Soliciting persons for area lists from participants in past permit proceedings in that area; and
(3) Notifying the public of the opportunity to be put on the mailing list through periodic publication in the public press and in such publications as EPA regional and state funded newsletters, environmental bulletins, or state law journals. (The board may update the mailing list from time to time by requesting written indication of continued interest from those listed. The board may delete from the list the name of any person who fails to respond to such a request.);
g. (1) Any unit of local government having jurisdiction over the area where the facility is proposed to be located; and
(2) Each state agency having any authority under state law with respect to the construction or operation of such facility;
2. By publication once a week for two successive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the area affected by the discharge. The cost of public notice shall be paid by the owner; and
3. Any other method reasonably calculated to give actual notice of the action in question to the persons potentially affected by it, including press releases or any other forum or medium to elicit public participation.
D. Contents.
1. All public notices issued under this part shall contain the following minimum information:
a. Name and address of the office processing the permit action for which notice is being given;
b. Name and address of the permittee or permit applicant and, if different, of the facility or activity regulated by the permit, except in the case of VPDES draft general permits;
c. A brief description of the business conducted at the facility or activity described in the permit application or the draft permit, for VPDES general permits when there is no application;
d. Name, address and telephone number of a person from whom interested persons may obtain further information, including copies of the draft permit or draft general permit, as the case may be, statement of basis or fact sheet, and the application;
e. A brief description of the procedures for submitting comments and the time and place of any public hearing that will be held, including a statement of procedures to request a public hearing (unless a hearing has already been scheduled) and other procedures by which the public may participate in the final permit decision;
f. A general description of the location of each existing or proposed discharge point and the name of the receiving water and the sludge use and disposal practice or practices and the location of each sludge treatment works treating domestic sewage and use or disposal sites known at the time of permit application. For draft general permits, this requirement will be satisfied by a map or description of the permit area;
g. Requirements applicable to cooling water intake structures under §316 of the CWA, in accordance with 9VAC25-31-165; and
h. Any additional information considered necessary or proper.
2. In addition to the general public notice described in subdivision 1 of this subsection, the public notice of a public hearing under 9VAC25-31-310 shall contain the following information:
a. Reference to the date of previous public notices relating to the permit;
b. Date, time, and place of the public hearing;
c. A brief description of the nature and purpose of the public hearing, including the applicable rules and procedures; and
d. A concise statement of the issues raised by the persons requesting the public hearing.
3. Public notice of a VPDES draft permit for a discharge where a request for alternate thermal effluent limitations has been filed shall include:
a. A statement that the thermal component of the discharge is subject to effluent limitations incorporated in 9VAC25-31-30 and a brief description, including a quantitative statement, of the thermal effluent limitations proposed under §301 or §306 of the CWA;
b. A statement that an alternate thermal effluent limitation request has been filed and that alternative less stringent effluent limitations may be imposed on the thermal component of the discharge under the law and §316(a) of the CWA and a brief description, including a quantitative statement, of the alternative effluent limitations, if any, included in the request; and
c. If the applicant has filed an early screening request for a CWA §316(a) variance, a statement that the applicant has submitted such a plan.
E. In addition to the general public notice described in subdivision D 1 of this section, all persons identified in subdivisions C 1 a, b, c, and d of this section shall be mailed a copy of the fact sheet or statement of basis, the permit application (if any) and the draft permit (if any).
F. Upon receipt of an application for the issuance of a new or
modified permit other than those for agricultural production or aquacultural
production activities, the board shall notify:
1. Notify, in writing, the locality wherein the discharge or, as applicable, the associated land application of sewage sludge, or land disposal of treated sewage, stabilized sewage sludge or stabilized septage does or is proposed to take place of, at a minimum:
1. a. The name of the applicant;
2. b. The nature of the application and proposed
discharge;
3. c. The availability and timing of any comment
period; and
4. d. Upon request, any other information known
to, or in the possession of, the board or the department regarding the
applicant not required to be held confidential by this chapter.
2. Establish a date for a public meeting to discuss technical issues relating to proposals for land application of sewage sludge, or land disposal of treated sewage, stabilized sewage sludge or stabilized septage. The department shall give notice of the date, time, and place of the public meeting and a description of the proposal by publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the city or county where the proposal is to take place. Public notice of the scheduled meeting shall occur no fewer than seven or more than 14 days prior to the meeting. The board shall not consider the application for the proposal to be complete until the public meeting has been held and comment has been received from the local governing body, or until 30 days have lapsed from the date of the public meeting.
The board shall 3. Except for land application of
sewage sludge or land disposal of treated sewage, stabilized sewage sludge or
stabilized septage, make a good faith effort to provide this same notice
and information to (i) each locality and riparian property owner to a distance
one-quarter mile downstream and one-quarter mile upstream or to the fall line
whichever is closer on tidal waters and (ii) each locality and riparian
property owner to a distance one-half mile downstream on nontidal waters.
Distances shall be measured from the point, or proposed point, of discharge. If
the receiving river at the point or proposed point of discharge is two miles
wide or greater, the riparian property owners on the opposite shore need not be
notified. Notice to property owners shall be based on names and addresses taken
from local tax rolls. Such names and addresses shall be provided by the
commissioners of the revenue or the tax assessor''s office of the affected
jurisdictions upon request by the board.
4. For a site that is to be added to an existing permit authorizing land application of sewage sludge, notify persons residing on property bordering such site and receive written comments from those persons for a period not to exceed 30 days. Based upon the written comments, the department shall determine whether additional site-specific requirements should be included in the authorization for land application at the site.
G. Before issuing any permit, if the board finds that there are localities particularly affected by the permit, the board shall:
1. Publish, or require the applicant to publish, a notice in a local paper of general circulation in the localities affected at least 30 days prior to the close of any public comment period. Such notice shall contain a statement of the estimated local impact of the proposed permit, which at a minimum shall include information on the specific pollutants involved and the total quantity of each which may be discharged; and
2. Mail the notice to the chief elected official and chief administrative officer and planning district commission for those localities.
Written comments shall be accepted by the board for at least 15 days after any public hearing on the permit, unless the board votes to shorten the period. For the purposes of this section, the term "locality particularly affected" means any locality which bears any identified disproportionate material water quality impact which would not be experienced by other localities.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 (10) of the Code of Virginia; §402 of the
Clean Water Act, 40 CFR Parts 122, 123, 124, 403 and 503.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 14, Issue 9, eff. March 1, 1998.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 22, Issue 24, eff. September 6, 2006; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-31-460. Additional or more stringent requirements.
A. On a case-by-case basis, the board may impose requirements for the use or disposal of sewage sludge in addition to or more stringent than the requirements in this part when necessary to protect public health and the environment from any adverse effect of a pollutant in the sewage sludge.
B. Nothing in this part precludes another state agency with responsibility for regulating sewage sludge or any political subdivision of Virginia or an interstate agency from imposing requirements for the use or disposal of sewage sludge more stringent than the requirements in this part or from imposing additional requirements for the use or disposal of sewage sludge.
C. For sewage sludge land application where, because of site-specific conditions, including soil type, identified during the permit application review process, the department determines that special requirements are necessary to protect the environment or the health, safety or welfare of persons residing in the vicinity of a proposed land application site, the department may incorporate in the permit at the time it is issued reasonable special conditions regarding buffering, transportation routes, slope, material source, methods of handling and application, and time of day restrictions exceeding those required by this regulation. The permit applicant shall have at least 14 days in which to review and respond to the proposed conditions.
Statutory Authority
§§62.1-44.15, 62.1-44.16, 62.1-44.17, 62.1-44.18, and
62.1-44.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-31-475. Local enforcement of sewage sludge regulations.
A. In the event of a dispute between a locality that has adopted a local ordinance for testing and monitoring the land application of sewage sludge and a permittee concerning the existence of a violation, the activity alleged to be in violation shall be halted pending a determination by the director. The decision of the director shall be final and binding unless reversed on judicial appeal pursuant to §2.2-4026 of the Code of Virginia. If the activity is not halted, the director may seek an injunction compelling the halting of the activity from a court having jurisdiction.
B. Upon determination by the director that there has been a violation of §62.1-44.19:3, 62.1-44.19:3.1 or 62.1-44.19:3.3 of the Code of Virginia, or of any regulation promulgated under those sections, and that such violation poses an imminent threat to public health, safety or welfare, the department shall commence appropriate action to abate the violation and immediately notify the chief administrative officer of any locality potentially affected by the violation.
C. Local governments shall promptly notify the department of all results from the testing and monitoring of the land application of sewage sludge performed by persons employed by local governments and any violation of §62.1-44.19:3, 62.1-44.19:3.1, or 62.1-44.19:3.3 of the Code of Virginia.
D. Localities receiving complaints concerning land application of sewage sludge shall notify the department and the permit holder.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-31-485. Requirements for permittees who land apply sewage sludge.
A. Any person who land applies sewage sludge authorized by a VPDES permit shall be certified in accordance with requirements specified in the Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit Regulation (9VAC25-32).
B. Persons authorized to land apply sewage sludge under a VPDES permit shall report all complaints received by them to the department and the local governing body of the jurisdiction in which the complaint originates.
C. At least 100 days prior to commencing land application of sewage sludge at a permitted site the permittee shall deliver or cause to be delivered written notification to the chief executive officer or his designee for the local government where the site is located. The notice shall identify the location of the permitted site and the expected sources of the sewage sludge to be applied to the site. This requirement may be satisfied by providing a list of all available permitted sites in the locality at least 100 days prior to commencing the application at any site on the list. If the site is located in more than one county, the notice shall be provided to all jurisdictions where the site is located.
D. The permittee shall deliver or cause to be delivered written notification to the department as least 14 days prior to commencing land application of sewage sludge at a permitted site. The notice shall identify the location of the permitted site and the expected sources of the sewage sludge to be applied to the site.
E. The permittee shall provide to the department, and to each locality in which it is permitted to land apply sewage sludge, written evidence of financial responsibility, including both current liability and pollution insurance, or such other evidence of financial responsibility as the board may establish by regulation in an amount not less than $1 million per occurrence, which shall be available to pay claims for cleanup costs, personal injury, bodily injury and property damage resulting from the transport, storage and land application of sewage sludge in Virginia. The aggregate amount of financial liability maintained by the permittee shall be $1 million for companies with less than $5 million in annual gross revenue and shall be $2 million for companies with $5 million or more in annual gross revenue.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-31-505. Universal requirements for land application operations.
A. A nutrient management plan prepared by a person who is certified as a nutrient management planner by the Department of Conservation and Recreation shall be developed for all application sites prior to sewage sludge land application. A nutrient management plan approved by the Department of Conservation and Recreation shall be required for application sites prior to board authorization under specific conditions, including but not limited to sites operated by an owner or lessee of a confined animal feeding operation, as defined in subsection A of §62.1-44.17.1 of the Code of Virginia, or confined poultry feeding operation, as defined in subsection A of §62.1-44.17.1.1 of the Code of Virginia; sites where land application more frequently than once every three years at greater than 50% of the annual agronomic rate is proposed; and other sites based on site-specific conditions that increase the risk that land application may adversely impact state waters.
B. Sewage sludge shall be treated to meet standards for land application as required by Part VI (9VAC25-31-420 et seq.) of this chapter prior to delivery at the land application site. No person shall alter the composition of sewage sludge at a site approved for land application of sewage sludge under a Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit. Any person who engages in the alteration of such sewage sludge shall be subject to the penalties provided in Article 6 (§62.1-44.31 et seq.) of Chapter 3.1 of Title 62.1 of the Code of Virginia. The addition of lime or deodorants to sewage sludge that have been treated to meet standards for land application as required by Part VI (9VAC25-31-420 et seq.) of this chapter, shall not constitute alteration of the composition of sewage sludge. The board may authorize public institutions of higher education to conduct scientific research on the composition of sewage sludge that may be applied to land.
C. Surface incorporation may be required on cropland by the department, or the local monitor with approval of the department, to mitigate excessive odors, when incorporation is practicable and compatible with a soil conservation plan meeting the standards and specifications of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service.
D. For applications where surface applied sewage sludge are not incorporated, the department (or the local monitor with approval of the department) may require as a site-specific permit condition, extended buffer zone setback distances when necessary to protect odor sensitive receptors. When necessary, buffer zone setback distances from odor sensitive receptors may be extended to 400 feet or more and no sewage sludge shall be applied within such extended buffer zones. The board, in accordance with 9VAC25-31-460, may impose standards and requirements that are more stringent when required to protect public health and the environment, or prevent nuisance conditions from developing, either prior to or during sewage sludge use operations.
E. No person shall apply to the Department of Environmental Quality for a permit, a variance, or a permit modification authorizing storage of sewage sludge without first complying with all requirements adopted pursuant to §62.1-44.19:3 R of the Code of Virginia.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-40. Exclusions.
The following do not require a VPA permit:
1. The introduction of sewage, industrial waste or other pollutants into publicly owned treatment works by indirect dischargers. Plans or agreements to switch to this method of disposal in the future do not relieve dischargers of the obligation to have and comply with VPA permits until all discharges of pollutants to state waters are eliminated;
2. Any introduction of pollutants from nonpoint source agricultural or silvicultural activities, including runoff from orchards, cultivated crops, pastures, range lands, and forest lands, except that this exclusion shall not apply to concentrated confined animal feeding operations;
3. Return flows from irrigated agricultural land;
4. Land disposal activity, including sewage sludge use or
disposal or onsite waste treatment, when this activity is authorized by a
state Department of Health permit or otherwise authorized by the Department
of Environmental Quality; and
5. Discharges authorized by EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act Underground Injection Control Program (UIC), 40 CFR Part 144, and approved, in writing, by the board.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15, 62.1-44.16, 62.1-44.17, 62.1-44.18, and
62.1-44.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-60. Application for a VPA permit.
A. Duty to apply. Any owner of a pollutant management activity who does not have an effective VPA permit, except persons covered by general VPA permits or excluded under 9VAC25-32-40, shall submit a complete application to the department in accordance with this section.
1. a. A complete VPA permit application shall be submitted by the owner of the pollutant management activity before a VPA permit can be issued. This item does not apply where general VPA permits are applicable.
b. The board may require the submission of additional information after an application has been filed, and may suspend processing of any application until such time as the owner has supplied missing or deficient information and the board considers the application complete. Further, when the owner becomes aware that he omitted one or more relevant facts from a VPA permit application, or submitted incorrect information in a VPA permit application or in any report to the department, he shall promptly submit such facts or the correct information.
c. In accordance with §62.1-44-19:3 A of the Code of Virginia, no application for a permit or variance to authorize the storage of sewage sludge shall be complete unless it contains certification from the governing body of the locality in which the sewage sludge is to be stored that the storage site is consistent with all applicable ordinances. The governing body shall confirm or deny consistency within 30 days of receiving a request for certification. If the governing body does not so respond, the site shall be deemed consistent.
d. No application for a permit to land apply biosolids in accordance with Part IX (9VAC25-32-310 et seq.) of this chapter shall be complete unless it includes the written consent of the landowner to apply biosolids on his property.
2. a. Any owner proposing a new pollutant management activity shall submit an application for a VPA permit 180 days prior to the date planned for commencing erection, construction or expansion or employment of new processes at any site. There shall be no operation of said facilities prior to the issuance of a VPA permit.
b. Any owner with an existing pollutant management activity that has not been permitted shall submit an application within 60 days upon being requested to by the board. The board, after determining there is pollution occurring, may allow the construction of treatment works prior to permit issuance. There shall be no operation of said treatment works prior to permit issuance.
c. Owners currently managing pollutants who have effective VPA permits shall submit a new application 180 days prior to proposed facility expansions, production increases, or process modification which will:
(1) Result in significantly new or substantially increased amounts of pollutants being managed or a significant change in the nature of the pollutant management activity that was not anticipated and accounted for on the application for the effective VPA permit; or
(2) Violate or lead to violation of the terms and conditions of the effective VPA permit.
3. Pursuant to §62.1-44.15:3 of the Code of Virginia, no application for a VPA permit from a privately owned treatment works serving, or designed to serve, 50 or more residences shall be considered complete unless the applicant has provided the department with notification from the State Corporation Commission that the applicant is incorporated in the Commonwealth and is in compliance with all regulations and relevant orders of the State Corporation Commission.
B. Duty to reapply. Any permittee with an effective VPA permit shall submit a new application at least 180 days before the expiration date of the effective VPA permit unless permission for a later date has been granted by the board. Permission shall not be granted to submit an application later than the expiration date of the existing VPA permit.
C. Information requirements. All applicants for VPA permits shall provide information in accordance with forms provided by the department.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15, 62.1-44.16, 62.1-44.17, 62.1-44.18, and
62.1-44.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-80. Conditions applicable to all VPA permits.
A. Duty to comply. The permittee shall comply with all conditions of the VPA permit. Any permit noncompliance is a violation of the law, and is grounds for enforcement action, permit termination, revocation, modification, or denial of a permit renewal application.
B. Duty to halt or reduce activity. It shall not be a defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would have been necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions of the VPA permit.
C. Duty to mitigate. The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize, correct or prevent any pollutant management activity in violation of the VPA permit which has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the environment.
D. Proper operation and maintenance. The permittee shall be responsible for the proper operation and maintenance of all treatment works, systems and controls which are installed or used to achieve compliance with permit conditions. Proper operation and maintenance includes effective plant performance, adequate funding, adequate licensed operator staffing, and adequate laboratory and process controls, including appropriate quality assurance procedures.
E. Permit action.
1. A VPA permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated as set forth in this chapter.
2. If a permittee files a request for a permit modification, revocation, or termination, or files a notification of planned changes, or anticipated noncompliance, the permit terms and conditions shall remain effective until the request is acted upon by the board. This provision shall not be used to extend the expiration date of the effective VPA permit.
3. VPA permits may be modified, revoked and reissued or terminated upon the request of the permittee or interested persons, or upon the board''s initiative, to reflect the requirements of any changes in the statutes or regulations.
4. VPA permits continued under 9VAC25-32-130 remain effective and enforceable.
F. Inspection and entry. Upon presentation of credentials, any duly authorized agent of the board may, at reasonable times and under reasonable circumstances:
1. Enter upon any permittee''s property, public or private, and have access to records required by the VPA permit;
2. Have access to, inspect and copy any records that must be kept as part of VPA permit conditions;
3. Inspect any facility''s equipment (including monitoring and control equipment) practices or operations regulated or required under the VPA permit; and
4. Sample or monitor any substances or parameters at any locations for the purpose of assuring VPA permit compliance or as otherwise authorized by law.
G. Duty to provide information.
1. The permittee shall furnish to the department, within a reasonable time, any information which the board may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking and reissuing, terminating the VPA permit, or to determine compliance with the VPA permit. The permittee shall also furnish to the department, upon request, copies of records required to be kept by the permittee.
2. Plans, specifications, maps, conceptual reports and other relevant information shall be submitted as requested by the board prior to commencing construction.
H. Monitoring and records.
1. Samples and measurements taken for the purpose of monitoring shall be representative of the monitored activity.
2. The permittee shall retain records of all monitoring information, including all calibration and maintenance records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous monitoring instrumentation, copies of all reports required by the VPA permit, and records of all data used to complete the application for the VPA permit, for a period of at least three years or in the case of activities regulated under Part IX (9VAC25-32-310 et seq.) of this chapter, at least five years from the date of the sample, measurement, report or application. This period may be extended by request of the board at any time.
Records related to biosolids data and information specified in agreements between generator, owner, agents, landowners and farmers shall be described and maintained for a minimum period of five years or the duration of the permit or subsequent revisions if longer than five years.
3. Records of monitoring information shall include:
a. The date, exact place and time of sampling or measurements;
b. The name of the individual or individuals who performed the sampling or measurements;
c. The date or dates analyses were performed;
d. The name of the individual or individuals who performed the analyses;
e. The analytical techniques or methods supporting the information such as observations, readings, calculations and bench data used; and
f. The results of such analyses.
4. Monitoring shall be conducted according to analytical methods promulgated pursuant to §304(h) of the Clean Water Act (33 USC §1251 et seq.) and listed in the Code of Federal Regulations at 40 CFR Part 136 (1995). Any other acceptable test procedure not listed in 40 CFR Part 136 (1995) shall be specified in the VPA permit.
I. Reporting requirements.
1. The permittee shall give prompt notice to the department of any planned changes to the design or operation of the pollutant management activity.
2. If any unusual or extraordinary discharge including a bypass or upset should occur from a treatment works and the discharge enters or could be expected to enter state waters, the owner shall promptly notify, in no case later than 24 hours, the department by telephone after the discovery of the discharge. This notification shall provide all available details of the incident, including any adverse effects on aquatic life and the known number of fish killed. The permittee shall reduce the report to writing and shall submit it to the department within five days of discovery of the discharge in accordance with subdivision 6 of this subsection. Unusual and extraordinary discharges include but are not limited to any discharge resulting from:
a. Unusual spillage of materials resulting directly or indirectly from processing operations;
b. Breakdown of processing or accessory equipment;
c. Failure or taking out of service of some or all of the treatment works; and
d. Flooding or other acts of nature.
3. The permittee shall give at least 10 days advance notice to the department of any planned changes to the facility or activity which may result in noncompliance.
4. Monitoring results shall be reported at the intervals specified in the applicable VPA permit.
a. Monitoring results shall be reported in a format acceptable to the board.
b. If a permittee monitors the pollutant management activity, at a sampling location specified in the VPA permit, for any pollutant more frequently than required by the VPA permit using approved analytical methods, the permittee shall report the results of this monitoring on the monitoring report.
c. If the permittee monitors the pollutant management activity, at a sampling location specified in the VPA permit, for any pollutant that is not required to be monitored by the VPA permit, and uses approved analytical methods the permittee shall report the results with the monitoring report.
d. Calculations for all limitations which require averaging of measurements shall utilize an arithmetic mean unless otherwise specified in the VPA permit.
5. Reports of compliance or noncompliance with or any progress report on interim and final requirements contained in any compliance schedule in the VPA permit shall be submitted no later than 14 days following each scheduled date.
6. 24-hour reporting.
a. The permittee shall report any noncompliance which may adversely affect state waters or may endanger public health. An oral report must be provided as soon as possible, but in no case later than 24 hours from the time the permittee becomes aware of the circumstances. A written report shall be submitted within five days and shall contain a description of the noncompliance and its cause; the period of noncompliance including exact dates and times, and, if the noncompliance has not been corrected, how long it is expected to continue, steps planned or taken to reduce, eliminate and prevent a recurrence of the noncompliance. The board may waive the written report requirements on a case-by-case basis if the oral report has been received within 24 hours and no adverse impact on state waters has been reported. All other noncompliance reports which may not adversely affect state waters shall be submitted with the monitoring report. Reports shall include overflows.
b. The following shall be included as information which must be reported within 24 hours under this subdivision:
(1) Any unanticipated bypass; and
(2) Any upset which causes a discharge to surface waters.
J. Bypass.
1. A bypass of the treatment works is prohibited except as provided herein.
2. If the permittee knows in advance of the need for a bypass, he shall notify the department promptly at least 10 days prior to the bypass. After considering its adverse effects, the board may approve an anticipated bypass if:
a. The bypass will be unavoidable to prevent loss of human life, personal injury, or severe property damage ("severe property damage" means substantial physical damage to property, damage to the treatment facilities which causes them to become inoperable, or substantial and permanent loss of natural resources which can reasonably be expected to occur in the absence of a bypass. Severe property damage does not mean economic loss caused by delays in production); and
b. There are no feasible alternatives to bypass such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities, retention of untreated waste, or maintenance during normal periods of equipment downtime. However, if bypass occurs during normal periods of equipment downtime or preventive maintenance and in the exercise of reasonable engineering judgment the permittee could have installed adequate backup equipment to prevent such bypass, this exclusion shall not apply as a defense.
3. If an unplanned bypass occurs, the permittee shall notify the department as soon as possible, but in no case later than 24 hours, and shall take steps to halt the bypass as early as possible. This notification will be a condition for defense to an enforcement action that an unplanned bypass met the conditions in subdivision 2 of this subsection and in light of the information reasonably available to the owner at the time of the bypass.
K. Upset. A permittee may claim an upset as an affirmative defense to an action brought for noncompliance. In any enforcement proceedings a permittee shall have the burden of proof to establish the occurrence of any upset. In order to establish an affirmative defense of upset, the permittee shall present properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs or other relevant evidence that shows:
1. That an upset occurred and that the cause can be identified;
2. That the permitted facility was at the time being operated efficiently and in compliance with proper operation and maintenance procedures;
3. That the 24-hour reporting requirements to the department were met; and
4. That the permittee took all reasonable steps to minimize or correct any adverse impact on state waters resulting from noncompliance with the VPA permit.
L. Signature requirements. All applications, reports, or information submitted to the department shall be signed and certified as required in 9VAC25-32-70.
M. Transfers. A VPA permit is not transferable to any person except after notice to the department according to 9VAC24-32-230. The board may require modification or revocation and reissuance of the VPA permit to change the name of the permittee and incorporate such other requirements as may be necessary.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15, 62.1-44.16, 62.1-44.17, 62.1-44.18, and
62.1-44.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-100. Establishing limitations and other VPA permit conditions.
In addition to the conditions established in 9VAC25-32-80 and 9VAC25-32-90, each VPA permit shall include conditions meeting the following requirements where applicable.
1. Determination of limitations. VPA permit limitations and conditions shall be established based on the nature of the pollutant management activity in order to ensure compliance with technology-based limitations, water quality standards, the law and all regulations promulgated thereunder. These limitations and conditions may include, but are not limited to, duration of VPA permits, monitoring requirements, limitations to control toxic pollutants, best management practices and schedules of compliance.
2. Duration of VPA permits. VPA permits issued under this regulation shall have an effective date and an expiration date which will determine the life of the VPA permit. VPA permits shall be effective for a fixed term not to exceed 10 years as specified in the VPA permit. The term of the VPA permits shall not be extended by modification beyond the maximum duration. The VPA permit shall expire at the end of the term unless an application for a new VPA permit has been timely filed as required by this chapter and the board is unable, through no fault of the permittee, to issue a new VPA permit before the expiration date of the previous VPA permit.
3. Monitoring requirements.
a. All VPA permits may specify:
(1) Requirements concerning the proper use, maintenance and installation, when appropriate, of monitoring equipment or methods;
(2) Required monitoring including type, intervals, and frequency sufficient to yield data which are representative of the monitored activity and including, when appropriate, continuous monitoring; and
(3) Applicable reporting requirements based upon the impact of the regulated activity on water quality.
b. VPA permits may include requirements to report monitoring results with a frequency dependent on the nature and effect of the pollutant management activity.
c. In addition, the following monitoring requirements may be included in the VPA permits:
(1) Mass or other measurements specified in the VPA permit for each pollutant of concern;
(2) The volume of waste, wastewater or sludge managed by the activity; and
(3) Other measurements as appropriate.
4. Best Management Practices (BMPs). The VPA permit shall require the use of BMPs to control or abate pollutants where numeric limits are infeasible, and the VPA permit may include BMPs in addition to numeric limits where BMPs are necessary to achieve limitations and standards or to carry out the purpose and intent of the law.
5. Sludge disposal. The VPA permit shall include, where appropriate, specific requirements for disposal of all sludge.
6. Sewage sludge land application. Where, because of site-specific conditions, including soil type, identified during the permit application review process, the department determines that special requirements are necessary to protect the environment or the health, safety or welfare of persons residing in the vicinity of a proposed land application site, the department may incorporate in the permit at the time it is issued reasonable special conditions regarding buffering, transportation routes, slope, material source, methods of handling and application, and time of day restrictions exceeding those required by this regulation. The permit applicant shall have at least 14 days in which to review and respond to the proposed conditions.
6. 7. Schedules of compliance. The VPA permit may
specify a schedule, when appropriate, leading to compliance with the VPA permit
as soon as possible. When schedules of compliance are applicable the following
shall be incorporated:
a. Schedule or schedules of compliance shall require the permittee to take specific steps where necessary to achieve expeditious compliance with the VPA permit;
b. The schedule of compliance shall set forth interim time periods not more than one year apart for the submission of reports of progress toward completion of each requirement; and
c. Schedule or schedules of compliance may be modified by modification of the VPA permit for good cause beyond the control of the permittee (e.g., act of God, strike, flood, material shortage).
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15, 62.1-44.16, 62.1-44.17, 62.1-44.18, and
62.1-44.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-140. Public notice of VPA permit action and public comment period.
A. Every draft VPA permit shall be given public notice, paid for by the owner, by publication once a week for two successive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the area affected by the pollutant management activity.
B. Interested persons shall have a period of at least 30 days following the date of the initial newspaper public notice to submit written comments on the tentative decision and to request a public hearing.
C. The contents of the public notice of an application for a VPA permit shall include:
1. The name and address of the applicant. If the location of the pollutant management activity differs from the address of the applicant the notice shall also state the location of the pollutant management activity including storage and land application sites;
2. A brief description of the business or activity conducted at the facility;
3. A statement of the tentative determination to issue or deny a VPA permit;
4. A brief description of the final determination procedure;
5. The address and phone number of a specific person at the state office from whom further information may be obtained; and
6. A brief description of how to submit comments and request a hearing.
D. Public notice shall not be required for submission or approval of plans and specifications or conceptual engineering reports not required to be submitted as part of the application.
E. Upon receipt of an application for a permit or for a
modification of a permit, the board shall cause:
1. Cause to be notified, in writing, the locality wherein the pollutant management activity does or is proposed to take place. This notification shall, at a minimum, include:
1. a. The name of the applicant;
2. b. The nature of the application and proposed
pollutant management activity; and
3. c. Upon request, any other information known
to, or in the possession of, the board or the department regarding the
application except as restricted by 9VAC25-32-150.
2. Establish a date for a public meeting to discuss technical issues relating to proposals for land application of biosolids or land disposal of treated sewage, stabilized sewage sludge or stabilized septage. The department shall give notice of the date, time, and place of the public meeting and a description of the proposal by publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the city or county where the proposal is to take place. Public notice of the scheduled meeting shall occur no fewer than seven or more than 14 days prior to the meeting. The board shall not consider the application for the proposal to be complete until the public meeting has been held and comment has been received from the local governing body or until 30 days have lapsed from the date of the public meeting.
F. Before issuing any permit, if the board finds that there are localities particularly affected by the permit, the board shall:
1. Publish, or require the applicant to publish, a notice in a local paper of general circulation in the localities affected at least 30 days prior to the close of any public comment period. Such notice shall contain a statement of the estimated local impact of the proposed permit, which at a minimum shall include information on the specific pollutants involved and the total quantity of each which may be discharged; and
2. Mail the notice to the chief elected official and chief administrative officer and planning district commission for those localities.
Written comments shall be accepted by the board for at least 15 days after any public hearing on the permit, unless the board votes to shorten the period. For the purposes of this section, the term "locality particularly affected" means any locality which bears any identified disproportionate material water quality impact which would not be experienced by other localities.
G. When a site is to be added to an existing permit authorizing land application of biosolids, the department shall notify persons residing on property bordering such site, and shall receive written comments from those persons for a period not to exceed 30 days. Based upon the written comments, the department shall determine whether additional site-specific requirements should be included in the authorization for land application at the site.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15, 62.1-44.16, 62.1-44.17, 62.1-44.18, and
62.1-44.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-210. Causes for termination.
A. The following are causes for terminating a VPA permit during its term, or for denying a VPA permit renewal application, after public notice and opportunity for a public hearing:
1. The permittee has violated any regulation or order of the board, any condition of a VPA permit, any provision of the law, or any order of a court, where such violation results in a release of harmful substances into the environment or poses a substantial threat of release of harmful substances into the environment or presents a hazard to human health or the violation is representative of a pattern of serious or repeated violations which, in the opinion of the board, demonstrates the permittee''s disregard for or inability to comply with applicable laws, regulations or requirements;
2. The permittee''s failure to disclose fully all relevant material facts, or the permittee''s misrepresentation of any relevant material facts in applying for a VPA permit, or in any other report or document required under the law or this chapter;
3. A determination that the permitted activity endangers human health or the environment and can only be regulated to acceptable levels by VPA permit modification or termination; or
4. There exists a material change in the basis on which the VPA permit was issued that requires either a temporary or a permanent reduction or elimination of any pollutant management activity controlled by the VPA permit necessary to protect human health or the environment.
B. In addition to causes for terminating a VPA permit specified in subsection A of this section, causes for terminating a VPA permit issued for land application, marketing and distribution of biosolids shall include:
1. Failure to comply with the conditions of the permit.
2. Violation of Chapter 3.1 (§62.1-44.2 et seq.) of Title 62.1 of the Code of Virginia or of any provisions of this regulation.
3. Change in ownership.
4. Abandonment of the facilities.
B. C. A VPA permit may be terminated without
public notice and opportunity for a hearing when the termination is mutually
agreed to by the permittee and the board.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15, 62.1-44.16, 62.1-44.17, 62.1-44.18, and
62.1-44.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-220. Causes for modification.
A VPA permit may be modified, but not revoked and reissued, except when the permittee agrees or requests, when any of the following developments occur:
1. When additions or alterations have been made to the affected facility which require the application of VPA permit conditions that differ from those of the existing VPA permit or are absent from it;
2. When new information becomes available about the operation or pollutant management activity covered by the VPA permit which was not available at VPA permit issuance and would have justified the application of different VPA permit conditions at the time of VPA permit issuance;
3. When a change is made in the promulgated standards or
regulations on which the VPA permit was based; or
4. When it becomes necessary to change final dates in compliance schedules due to circumstances over which the permittee has little or no control such as acts of God, materials shortages, etc.; or
5. For the addition of new land application sites, new biosolids sources or routine storage facilities to the permit.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15, 62.1-44.16, 62.1-44.17, 62.1-44.18, and
62.1-44.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-240. Minor modification.
A. Upon request of the permittee, or upon board initiative with the consent of the permittee, minor modifications may be made in the VPA permit without following the public involvement procedures.
B. Minor modification may only:
1. Correct typographical errors;
2. Require reporting by the permittee at a frequency other than that required in the VPA permit;
3. Change an interim compliance date in a schedule of compliance to no more than 120 days from the original compliance date and provided it will not interfere with the final compliance date;
4. Allow for a change in name, ownership or operational control when the board determines that no other change in the VPA permit is necessary, provided that a written agreement containing a specific date for transfer of VPA permit responsibility, coverage and liability from the current to the new permittee has been submitted to the department;
5. Delete the listing of a land application site when the pollutant management activity is terminated and does not result in an increase of pollutants which would exceed VPA permit limitations;
6. Reduce VPA permit limitations to reflect a reduction in the permitted activity when such reduction results from a shutdown of processes or pollutant generating activities or from connection of the permitted activity to a POTW;
7. Change plans and specifications where no other changes in the VPA permit are required;
8. Authorize treatment facility expansions, production increases or process modifications which will not cause a significant change in the quantity of pollutants being managed or a significant change in the nature of the pollutant management activity; or
9. Delete VPA permit limitation or monitoring requirements for specific pollutants when the activities generating these pollutants are terminated.
C. An application for a permit amendment to increase the acreage authorized by the permit by 50% or more shall be treated as a new application for purposes of public notice and public hearings.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15, 62.1-44.16, 62.1-44.17, 62.1-44.18, and
62.1-44.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-300. Transition.
A. Effective July 24, 1996, the following will occur:
1. All VPA applications received after that date will be processed in accordance with this regulation.
2. Any owner holding a No-Discharge Certificate will be notified of the deadline for applying for a VPA permit, unless this notification has already been made. All such notifications shall be completed by July 1, 1998. Upon notification that a VPA permit is necessary for the pollutant management activity authorized by the No-Discharge Certificate, the permittee shall have 180 days to apply for a VPA permit. If a VPA permit is required, the existing No-Discharge Certificate will remain in effect until the VPA permit is issued. Concurrent with the issuance of the VPA permit, the No-Discharge Certificate will be revoked subject to appropriate notice and opportunity for public hearing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, all No-Discharge Certificates which do not bear an expiration date shall terminate no later than July 1, 1999.
3. Existing VPA permits for sewage sludge use or disposal
shall be terminated when the sewage sludge use or disposal is authorized by:
1. A permit issued by the Department of Health; or
2. A VPDES permit issued by the board.
B. Permits issued by the Department of Health under the authority of the State Board of Health prior to January 1, 2008, shall continue in force until expired, reissued, amended, or terminated in accordance with the permit or this regulation. All owners holding biosolids use construction or operation permits as of January 1, 2008, shall submit an application for a Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit in accordance with this regulation within 180 days before the date of expiration of permits issued prior to January 1, 2008, or at the time of any modification request submitted after January 1, 2008, or by June 1, 2008, whichever is later. All owners of biosolids use facilities shall comply with the applicable requirements set forth in the operational regulations of Part IX (9VAC25-32-310 et seq.) of this chapter.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15, 62.1-44.16, 62.1-44.17, 62.1-44.18, and
62.1-44.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 12, Issue 20, eff. July 24, 1996; amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
PART IX
BIOSOLIDS PROGRAM
Article 1
Definitions and Procedures
9VAC25-32-310. Definitions.
A. For the purposes of this part the following definitions shall apply:
"Biosolids" means a sewage sludge that has received an established treatment for required pathogen control and is treated or managed to reduce vector attraction to a satisfactory level and contains acceptable levels of pollutants, such that it is acceptable for use for land application, marketing or distribution in accordance with this regulation.
"Critical areas/waters" means areas/waters in proximity to shellfish waters, a public water supply, recreation or other waters where health or water quality concerns are identified by the board or the Department of Health.
"Dry tons" means dry weight established as representative of land applied biosolids and expressed in units of English tons.
"Dry weight" means the measured weight of a sample of sewage sludge or biosolids after all moisture has been removed in accordance with the standard methods of testing and often represented as a percent solids.
"Effluent limitations" means schedules of compliance, prohibitions, permit requirements, established under state or federal law for control of sewage discharges.
"Exceptional quality biosolids" means biosolids that have received an established level of treatment for pathogen control and vector attraction reduction and contain known levels of pollutants, such that they may be marketed or distributed for public use in accordance with this regulation.
"Facilities" means processes, equipment, storage devices and dedicated sites, located or operated separately from a treatment works, utilized for sewage sludge management, including but not limited to, handling, treatment, transport and storage of biosolids.
"Generator" means the owner of a sewage treatment works that produces sewage sludge and biosolids.
"Industrial wastes" means liquid or other wastes resulting from any process of industry, manufacture, trade or business, or from the development of any natural resources.
"Land application" means the distribution of either treated wastewater of acceptable quality, referred to as effluent, or stabilized sewage sludge of acceptable quality, referred to as biosolids, upon, or insertion into, the land with a uniform application rate for the purpose of utilization, or assimilation. Bulk disposal of stabilized sludge in a confined area, such as in landfills, is not land application. Sites approved for land application of biosolids in accordance with this regulation are not to be considered to be treatment works.
"Land applier" means someone who land applies biosolids pursuant to a valid permit from the department as set forth in this regulation.
"Local monitor" means a person or persons employed by local government to perform the duties of monitoring the operations of land appliers pursuant to a local ordinance.
"Local ordinance" means an ordinance adopted by counties, cities or towns in accordance with §62.1-44.19:3 of the Code of Virginia.
"Operate" means the act of any person who may have an impact on either the finished water quality at a waterworks or the final effluent at a sewage treatment works, such as to (i) place into or take out of service a unit process or unit processes, (ii) make or cause adjustments in the operation of a unit process or unit processes at a treatment works, or (iii) manage sewage sludge or biosolids.
"Owner" means the Commonwealth or any of its political subdivisions including sanitary districts, sanitation district commissions and authorities, federal agencies, any individual, any group of individuals acting individually or as a group, or any public or private institution, corporation, company, partnership, firm or association that owns or proposes to own a sewerage system or treatment works as defined in §62.1-44.3 of the Code of Virginia.
"Permit" means an authorization granted by the board to construct, or operate, facilities and specific sites utilized for biosolids management, including land application, marketing and distribution of biosolids.
"Permittee" means a person, firm, corporation, political subdivision or other entity holding a permit approved by the board for the land application, storage or distribution of biosolids as provided for in this regulation.
"Pollutant" means any substance, radioactive material, or waste heat that causes or contributes to, or may cause or contribute to, pollution.
"Pollution" means such alteration of the physical, chemical or biological properties of any state waters or soil as will, or is likely to, create a nuisance or render such waters or soil (i) harmful or detrimental or injurious to the public health, safety or welfare, or to the health of animals, fish or aquatic life; (ii) unsuitable despite reasonable treatment for use as present or possible future sources of public water supply; or (iii) unsuitable for recreational, commercial, industrial, agricultural or for other reasonable uses. Such alteration is also deemed to be pollution, if there occurs: (a) an alteration of the physical, chemical or biological property of state waters or soil, or a discharge or a deposit of sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes to state waters or soil by any owner which by itself is not sufficient to cause pollution, but which, in combination with such alteration of, or discharge, or deposit, to state waters or soil by other owners, is sufficient to cause pollution; (b) the discharge of untreated sewage by any owner into state waters or soil; or (c) the contravention of standards of air or water quality duly established by the State Water Control Board.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-320. Local enforcement of the regulation.
A. In the event of a dispute between a locality that has adopted a local ordinance for testing and monitoring the land application of sewage sludge and a permittee concerning the existence of a violation, the activity alleged to be in violation shall be halted pending a determination by the director. The decision of the director shall be final and binding unless reversed on judicial appeal pursuant to §2.2-4026 of the Code of Virginia. If the activity is not halted, the director may seek an injunction compelling the halting of the activity, from a court having jurisdiction.
B. Upon determination by the director that there has been a violation of §62.1-44.19:3, 62.1-44.19:3.1 or 62.1-44.19:3.3 of the Code of Virginia, or of any regulation promulgated under those sections, and that such violation poses an imminent threat to public health, safety or welfare, the department shall commence appropriate action to abate the violation and immediately notify the chief administrative officer of any locality potentially affected by the violation.
C. Local governments shall promptly notify the department of all results from the testing and monitoring of the land application of sewage sludge performed by persons employed by local governments and any violation of §62.1-44.19:3, 62.1-44.19:3.1 or 62.1-44.19:3.3 of the Code of Virginia.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-330. Variances.
A. The board may grant a variance to a procedural, design, or operational regulation by following the appropriate procedures set forth in this section.
B. Requirements for a variance. The board may grant a variance if it finds that the hardship imposed (may be economic) outweighs the benefits that may be received by the public and that the granting of such variance does not subject the public to unreasonable health risks or environmental pollution.
C. Application for a variance. Any owner may apply in writing for a variance. The application should be sent to the appropriate regional office for evaluation. The application shall include:
1. A citation of the regulation from which a variance is requested.
2. The nature and duration of variance requested.
3. A statement of the hardship to the owner and the anticipated impacts to the public health and welfare if a variance were granted.
4. Suggested conditions that might be imposed on the granting of a variance that would limit its detrimental impact on public health and welfare.
5. Other information, if any, believed to be pertinent by the applicant.
6. Such other information as may be required to make the determination in accordance with subsection B of this section.
D. Consideration of a variance.
1. The board shall act on any variance request submitted pursuant to this subsection within 90 days of receipt of request.
2. In the board's consideration of whether a biosolids use variance should be granted, the board shall consider such factors as the following:
a. The effect that such a variance would have on the adequate operation of the biosolids use facility, including public nuisance concerns;
b. The cost and other economic considerations imposed by this requirement; and
c. The effect that such a variance would have on the protection of the public health or the environment.
E. Disposition of a variance request.
1. The board may grant the variance request and if the board proposes to deny the variance it shall provide the owner an opportunity to an informal hearing as provided in §2.2-4019 of the Code of Virginia. Following this opportunity for an informal hearing the board may reject any application for a variance by sending a rejection notice to the applicant. The rejection notice shall be in writing and shall state the reasons for the rejection. A rejection notice constitutes a case decision.
2. If the board proposes to grant a variance request submitted pursuant to this regulation, the applicant shall be notified in writing of this decision. Such notice shall identify the variance, the biosolids use facility involved, and shall specify the period of time for which the variance will be effective. Such notice shall provide that the variance will be terminated when the biosolids use facility comes into compliance with the applicable regulation and may be terminated upon a finding by the board that the biosolids use facility has failed to comply with any requirements or schedules issued in conjunction with the variance. The effective date of the variance shall be 15 days following its issuance.
F. Posting of variances. All variances granted for the design or operation of biosolids use facility are nontransferable. Any requirements of the variance shall become part of the permit for biosolids use subsequently granted by the board.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-340. Permits.
No owner shall cause or allow any land application, marketing or distribution of biosolids except in compliance with a permit issued by the board that authorizes these activities. Application for a permit shall be in accordance with 9VAC25-32-60. Information for the permit application is to be provided by completion and submission of the appropriate application forms and applicable sections in Article 4 (9VAC25-32-670 et seq.) of this part to the appropriate regional office. Applications can be obtained from any regional office.
A separate biosolids use permit shall be issued for each political jurisdiction (county or city) where land application is to be undertaken.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-350. Procedures for obtaining a certificate to construct and certificate to operate.
No owner shall cause or allow the construction, expansion, modification, or operation of facilities necessary for biosolids treatment or storage except in compliance with a certificate to construct (CTC) and a certificate to operate (CTO) issued by the board in accordance with the Sewage Collection and Treatment Regulations (9VAC25-790).
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-355. Biosolids Use Regulation Advisory Committee.
A. The department shall appoint a committee to advise the department on issues related to implementation and administration of this part. Advisory committee membership should include representatives of large size and small size communities and industries and their consultants. The advisory committee shall contain a maximum of 25 members.
B. The committee members shall be selected from organizations such as:
1. Virginia Association of Counties (VACO) and a representative, such as a local monitor, of a county with sites permitted for land application of biosolids in accordance with this regulation;
2. Virginia Municipal League (VML), the Association of Municipal Wastewater Agencies (VAMWA), and the owners of medium and small flow treatment works;
3. Virginia professional societies (i.e., engineers and soil scientists) and regional wastewater organizations such as the Virginia Water Environment Association;
4. Biosolids consultants and contractors;
5. State university and college faculties;
6. Agricultural industry, the Virginia Farm Bureau and farmers with land permitted in accordance with this regulation;
7. Medical professionals and "at large" citizens; and
8. State agencies such as the Department of Conservation and Recreation, the Department of Health, and the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.
C. Consideration shall also be given to appropriate citizens who are not members of these organizations and other interested parties and groups such as citizens'' conservation organizations.
D. Each committee member may designate an alternate to serve when necessary.
E. The function of the committee will be to meet, discuss issues, and make recommendations to the department concerning the regulations and standards contained in this part and other policies, procedures and programs for regulating biosolids use and associated fees. The committee''s meetings will be advertised and open to the public, and comments and recommendations from the public will be received.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
Article 2
Operational and Monitoring Requirements
9VAC25-32-360. Monitoring; records; reporting.
The board may require the owner or operator of any facility to install, use, and maintain monitoring equipment for internal testing of biosolids quality, to identify and determine the causes of operational problems and to determine the necessary corrective actions to correct such problems. If required, test results shall be recorded, compiled, and reported to the department.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-370. Minimum biosolids sampling and testing program.
A. Sampling and testing methods shall conform to current United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines establishing test procedures for analysis of pollutants or other EPA-approved methods.
B. Either the operation and maintenance manual, sludge management plan, or management practices plan shall contain a specific testing schedule. The testing schedule shall include minimum tests and their frequencies as required to monitor the facility in accordance with the appropriate certificate and the operating permit issued under this regulation.
C. The following sampling instructions shall be followed when collecting samples as required by this regulation:
1. Raw sewage or sludge samples are to be collected prior to the treatment process unit operations.
2. Final treated samples are to be taken at a point following appropriate unit operations in the treatment process. An evaluation of biosolids treatment may require monitoring of fecal coliform levels in the treated sludge.
3. Compositing of samples shall be in accordance with the treatment works operation and maintenance manual. Composite samples of sludge shall consist of grab samples taken in accordance with either the operation and maintenance manual or management practices plan, as appropriate. Composite samples shall be representative of the quality and quantity of the biosolids used. Greater frequency of grab sampling may be desirable where abnormal variation in waste strength occurs. Automatic proportional samplers are considered a valid sampling method.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-380. Minimum operational testing and control program.
A. Sampling and testing methods shall conform to current United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines establishing test procedures for analysis of pollutants or other EPA-approved methods.
B. The information furnished with either the operation and maintenance manual, sludge management plan, or management practices plan should recommend and describe the control tests and their frequency that should be routinely conducted by the holder of the permit in order to monitor operations and verify the treatment classification achieved (Table 3). All special sampling methods should be identified. Biosolids use site sampling and testing frequencies should be in accordance with the requirements established by the instructions contained in the biosolids use operation and maintenance manual if provided.
C. Additional operational control information may be required on an individual basis by the department.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-390. Additional monitoring, reporting and recording requirements for land application.
A. Either the operation and maintenance manual, sludge management plan or management practices plan shall contain a schedule of the required minimum tests necessary to monitor land application operation. Such testing schedule information for land application of biosolids shall contain instructions for recording and reporting. Monitoring of any associated land treatment systems shall be in accordance with the biosolids use operation and maintenance manual if provided.
B. The permit holder shall provide to the department, and to each locality in which it is permitted to land apply biosolids, written evidence of financial responsibility, including both current liability and pollution insurance, or such other evidence of financial responsibility as the board may establish by regulation in an amount not less than $1 million per occurrence, which shall be available to pay claims for cleanup costs, personal injury, bodily injury and property damage resulting from the transport, storage and land application of biosolids in Virginia. The aggregate amount of financial liability maintained by the permit holder shall be $1 million for companies with less than $5 million in annual gross revenue and shall be $2 million for companies with $5 million or more in annual gross revenue.
C. Evidence of financial responsibility, which may include liability insurance, meeting the requirements herein shall be maintained by the permit holder at all times that it is authorized to transport, store or land apply biosolids in Virginia. The permit holder shall immediately notify the Department of Health in the event of any lapse or cancellation of such financial resources, including insurance coverage, as required by this section.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-400. Additional monitoring, reporting and recording requirements for sewage sludge and residual solids management.
Either the operation and maintenance manual, sludge management plan, or management practices plan shall contain a schedule of required minimum tests and their frequency to be conducted for the sewage sludge and biosolids management system and shall also contain necessary information to document sewage sludge and biosolids quality. Such test schedule information should include instructions for recording and reporting. Monitoring, reporting and recording requirements for sewage sludge and biosolids quality control shall be in accordance with the sludge management plan or management practices plan in accordance with 9VAC25-32-500 B. The recordkeeping and reporting requirements for sewage sludge and biosolids management contained in the treatment works operation and maintenance manual shall apply to all application sites, regardless of size or frequency of application. However, the requirements relative to monitoring, reporting and recording of site-specific soils and monitoring, reporting and recording of ground water and surface water are not applicable for any site that meets either of the following criteria:
1. Whenever exceptional quality biosolids are marketed and distributed with a label or identification information that specifies proper quality information and describes how agronomic rates are to be determined. Also, whenever Class I treated biosolids are land applied so that (i) the annual loading rate will not result in annual maximum loading rates in excess of those specified in Table 8; (ii) applied biosolids will meet vector attraction requirements; (iii) the amount of nutrients applied does not exceed the total crop needs or agronomic loading rate; (iv) no additional biosolids are applied for at least five years, or the biosolids are applied to land maintained only as pasture or hay land for five years following the last application of biosolids and the nutrient loading rate does not exceed 70% of the annual total crop needs of the grass or hay cover (Tables A-2 and 11).
2. Whenever the application site area for biosolids processed by Class I or II treatment is no larger than l0 acres and is isolated (2,000 feet or more separation distance) from other sites receiving applications of biosolids within three years of the time biosolids are applied to the identified site and the necessary vector attraction requirements are met.
The department may recommend that specified site specific monitoring be performed by the holder of the permit for any biosolids land application practice regardless of frequency of application or size of the application area. Such recommendations will occur in situations in which groundwater contamination, surface runoff, soil toxicity, health hazards or nuisance conditions are identified as an existing problem or documented as a potential problem as a result of biosolids use operations. Requirements of 9VAC 25-32-510 through 9VAC25-32-580 shall apply in full whether or not a monitoring waiver provision is applicable.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-410. Operation and maintenance manuals.
A. General. The general purpose of an operation and maintenance manual is to facilitate operation and maintenance of the biosolids use facilities within permit requirements for both normal conditions and generally anticipated adverse conditions. The manual shall be tailored to the size and type of system being employed. The manual shall be directed toward the operating staff required for the facility. The manual shall be updated as necessary and be made available to the operating staff. The manual should be designed as a reference document, being as brief as possible while presenting the information in a readily accessible manner.
B. Contents. The manual shall contain the testing and reporting elements required by this regulation. In addition, for information and guidance purposes, the manual should contain additional schedules that supplement these required schedules.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-420. Operability.
Independently operated essential equipment, or components, of biosolids use facilities, including treatment works, shall be provided with sufficient capacity and routine maintenance resources so that the average quantity of biosolids used may be reliably transported, stored, treated or otherwise managed in accordance with permit requirements. Permit noncompliance shall be prevented in those situations in which the largest component is out of service.
The need for spare parts should be determined from operational experience, evaluation of past maintenance requirements, etc. A spare parts inventory may be included in the operation and maintenance manual. The inventory should list the minimum and maximum quantities of the spare parts to be kept on hand, the equipment in which they are used, their storage location, replacement procedures and other pertinent information.
Sufficient spare parts determined as necessary to ensure continuous operability of essential unit operations and equipment should be either located at the treatment works or at readily accessible locations. The minimum quantities of spare parts actually provided shall be in accordance with the operation and maintenance manual.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-430. Maintenance.
A regular or routine program of preventive maintenance shall be adhered to. The operations and maintenance manual shall contain a system of maintenance requirements to be accomplished. The routine, minimum preventive maintenance system shall be in accordance with the operations and maintenance manual. Such a system should provide for advanced scheduling of preventive maintenance and should be continually assessed in order to reflect increased service requirements as equipment ages or flow rates increase. Adequate records, files and inventories to assist the operator in his task should also be described in the operation and maintenance manual. Information systems provided for maintenance should describe the documentation required to verify biosolids treatment quality necessary for compliance with permits. Where certain components of the treatment process may be damaged by flooding so as to cause excessive delays in restoring the treatment process to a normal operating level, the means of protecting or removal of such components prior to flooding should be described in the operations and maintenance manual.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-440. Biosolids monitoring/reporting.
A. Monitoring biosolids quality shall be performed as required for permit compliance. Monitoring frequency shall be sufficient to both reflect the degree of variability, if any, expected in the biosolids quality and the frequency of application. The following guidelines should provide sufficient data for characterizing the quality of biosolids for biosolids programs that land apply continuously throughout the year.
TABLE 1 |
|
Amount of biosolids(1) (metric tons per 365-day period) |
Frequency |
Greater than zero but less than 290 |
Once per year |
Equal to or greater than 290 but less than 1,500 |
Once per quarter (four times per year) |
Equal to or greater than 1,500 but less than 15,000 |
Once per 60 days (six times per year) |
Equal to or greater than 15,000 |
Per month (12 times per year) |
Note: (1) Either the amount of bulk sewage applied to the land or the amount of sewage sludge received by a person who prepares sewage sludge that is sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land (dry weight basis). |
Note: Sampling shall be conducted at approximately equal intervals at the listed frequencies. Biosolids programs that store biosolids and land apply only during discrete events throughout the year shall schedule sampling events to coincide with application periods. The regulatory agency may require increased monitoring frequencies, if necessary, to adequately define any significant variability in biosolids quality. After two years of monitoring the permittee may request that the monitoring frequency be reduced, but in no case to less than once per year in any year that biosolids are applied to land.
B. An activity report shall be submitted (postmarked) to the department by the 15th day of the month unless another date is specified in the permit in accordance with 9VAC25-32-80 I 4, following any month in which land application occurs. The report shall indicate those sites where land application activities took place during the previous month.
C. Biosolids application rates should be based on the annual average sludge quality. The average sludge quality should be established from the results of approved analytical testing of composite samples obtained during the most recent 12 months of monitoring. For proposed treatment works, rates may be initially based on the biosolids characteristic produced by similar generating facilities.
D. The required treatment and quality characteristics and the maximum allowable land application loading rates shall be established for biosolids use. In addition, operational monitoring results shall verify that required sludge treatment has achieved the specified levels of pathogen control and vector attraction reductions (Table 3). Adequate records on sludge composition, treatment classification, sludge application rates and methods of application for each site shall be maintained by the generator and owner. Table 4 shows a sample operating report for documenting the minimum required information. Reporting shall be yearly (postmarked by February 19 for the preceding calendar year) unless otherwise required. The generator and owner shall maintain the records as necessary for a minimum period of five years until further notification by the department. Sites receiving frequent applications of sludge that meet or exceed maximum cumulative constituent loadings and dedicated disposal sites should be properly referenced for future land transactions (see the sample Sludge Disposal Site Dedication Form - Table A-1).
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-450. Sampling.
A. General. The sampling procedures and protocols used for the national sewage sludge survey (EPA Office of Water Regulations and Standards, March 1988) or validated equivalent methods will be approved by the board through issuance of a permit for biosolids use. Composite samples are better than single grab samples because they define representative "average" levels of sludge characteristics. A large open container such as a one- to two-gallon capacity bucket will normally be necessary to obtain complete grab samples of sludge flows. The volume or weight of grab samples should be adjusted so as to represent approximately equal volumes or weights of the sludge volume or mass being sampled. These adjusted grab samples can then be added to form a composite sample.
B. Liquid sludge. In the case of digesters and liquid storage holding tanks, a representative sample shall be composed of at least four grab samples obtained during daily operations at the facility or land application site. Samples of liquid biosolids obtained under pressure or vacuum should be obtained shortly after the beginning, during and at the end of the time period that the biosolids are produced at the sampling point.
C. Biosolids storage facilities. Equal volumes of biosolids should be withdrawn from random locations across the width and throughout the length of the storage facility at the surface, mid-depth and near the bottom of the lagoon at each grab sample location. These grab samples should be added to form a composite mix. A range of the recommended minimum number of grab samples that should be obtained from various sizes of sludge lagoons in order to obtain a representative composite sample is:
Lagoon Surface Area (Acres) |
Minimum Number of Grab Samples |
|
Depth less than 4 feet |
Depth greater than 4 feet |
|
1 to 9.99 |
4 to 5 |
6 to 8 |
10 or more |
6 to 8 |
9 to 11 |
D. Dewatered sludge. Small, equally sized grab samples of the dewatered sludge stream may be taken at equally spaced intervals over the period of operation of the dewatering unit. Centrifuged sludge samples may be taken from a belt conveyor or receiving hopper. Filter cake sludge samples may be taken from a belt conveyor or a portion of the cake may be removed as it leaves the unit. The smaller grab samples should be combined to form a representative composite sample. A composite sample can be obtained over the daily operational period at the land application site.
E. Compost sampling. Composite samples are preferred so that a representative average level of compost characteristics can be obtained from analytical testing. Although the compost material has been subjected to premixing, some variation in quality may exist and at least three grab samples of one kilogram or more should be taken of each mixture and combined to form a composite sample of that mixture. This mixture should be used for analytical testing or for combination with other composites to obtain a total composite sample representing a fixed period of operation. Compost samples may be taken with a scoop or shovel and placed in flexible bags that can be thoroughly shaken to mix grab samples.
F. Analysis and preservation of samples. In general, sludge samples should be refrigerated at approximately 4°C immediately after collection, which provides adequate preservation for most types of sludge physical and chemical analysis for a period up to seven days. Exact sample analysis and preservation techniques should be submitted in the sludge management plan. Analytical procedures should be updated as needed.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-460. Soils monitoring and reporting.
Soil should be sampled and analyzed prior to sludge application to determine site suitability and to provide background data. After the land application program is underway, it may be necessary to continue monitoring possible changes in the soil characteristics of the application site. Reduced monitoring will usually apply for typical agricultural utilization projects where biosolids are applied to farmland at or below agronomic rates or on an infrequent basis (see Table 5). Reduced monitoring may also apply to one time sludge applications to forest or reclaimed lands. For background analysis, random composite soil samples from the zone of incorporation is required for infrequent applications and frequent applications at less than agronomic rates (total less than 15 dry tons per acre).
Generally, one subsample per acre should be taken for application sites of 10 acres or more receiving frequent applications. For frequent land application sites greater than 50 acres, a controlled area of approximately 10 acres in size may be provided that is representative of site loading and soil characteristics. The control area should be sampled through random collection of approximately 20 subsamples taken according to standard agricultural practices. Records of soil analysis must be maintained by the owner and submitted as required.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-470. Crop monitoring and reporting.
Vegetation monitoring may be required by the board upon recommendation of the department once every three years on sites with frequent applications of biosolids applied at or greater than agronomic rates and when 400 pounds per acre or more of available phosphorus has been applied to the soil. Analyses of plant tissue should be conducted at the proper growth stage as recommended by either the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation or Virginia Cooperative Extension Service. Routine analyses include nitrate-nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, manganese, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc. Analysis for additional parameters may be necessary as determined on a case-by-case basis. Results shall be reported annually to the department.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-480. Groundwater monitoring and reporting.
A. Monitoring wells may be required by the board as recommended by the department for land treatment sites, sludge lagoons, or sludge holding facilities to monitor groundwater quality. The wells should be designed and located to meet specific geologic and hydrologic conditions at each site. Existing wells or springs may be approved for use as monitoring wells if they can be shown to provide a representative sample of groundwater conditions. The monitoring well should be constructed so as to sample the shallowest occurrence of groundwater that can reliably be obtained. The wells must be deep enough to penetrate the water table, and the screened interval must be in the saturated zone. The well construction should include PVC casing and screen with a bottom end plug or cap. The casing joints should be of the threaded, split ring or some other type that does not require adhesive. The screened interval should be backfilled with washed porous media (sand/gravel) and a bentonite or other impermeable seal placed at least two feet above the screen. The remainder of the well may be backfilled with clean native materials. A concrete surface seal should slope away from the well. Locking caps are recommended. Upon well completion, a driller''s log shall be submitted to the department.
B. Sampling procedures must assure maintenance of sample integrity. Samples should be collected in clean sample containers and with an uncontaminated sampling device. In order to obtain a representative sample, standing water in the well must be evacuated prior to sampling. At a minimum, at least three times the volume of water standing in the borehole should be removed prior to taking a sample for analysis to assure movement of formation water into the well and eliminate false readings that would be obtained from water that has stratified in the well. Samples may be obtained by pumping, bailing or pressure methods (e.g., Bar Cad samplers). The state does not endorse any one particular method or manufacturer, but each method has advantages and disadvantages that must be considered prior to final selection. Sampling methodology should be submitted for initial review. To obtain sufficient background groundwater quality data, three to six monthly samples should be collected from each observation well prior to placing the land application site or other facility into operation. Sampling should account for seasonal groundwater table fluctuations. Groundwater samples shall be collected and analyzed on a quarterly basis during operation of the site or facility. Table 6 lists typical parameters for groundwater monitoring. Additional test parameters may be required on a case-by-case basis.
C. Sample analysis and preservation techniques should be in accordance with the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
TABLE 2
PARAMETERS FOR BIOSOLIDS ANALYSIS(1)
A. Suggested minimum
Source of sludge
Type of sludge (lime stabilized, aerobically digested, etc.)
Percent solids (%)
Volatile solids (%)
pH (standard units)
Total kjeldahl nitrogen (%)
Ammonia nitrogen (%)
Nitrates (mg/kg)
Total phosphorus (%)
Total potassium (%)
Alkalinity as CaCO3(mg/kg)(2)
Arsenic (mg/kg)
Cadmium (mg/kg)
Copper (mg/kg)
Lead (mg/kg)
Mercury (mg/kg)
Molybdenum (mg/kg)
Nickel (mg/kg)
Selenium (mg/kg)
Zinc (mg/kg)
(1) Values reported on a dry weight basis unless indicated.
(2) Lime treated sludges (10% or more lime by dry weight) should be analyzed for percent CaCO3.
B. Additional parameters such as the organic chemicals listed in Table 12 may be required for screening purposes as well as aluminum (mg/kg), water soluble boron (mg/kg), calcium (mg/kg), chlorides (mg/l), manganese (mg/kg), sulfates (mg/kg), and those pollutants for which removal credits are granted.
C. Microbiological testing may be necessary to document the sludge treatment classification (Table 3). Microbiological standards shall be verified by the log mean of the analytical results from testing of nine or more samples of the sludge source. Sampling events shall be separated by an appropriate period of time so as to be representative of the random and cyclic variations in sewage characteristics.
TABLE 3
STANDARDS FOR DOCUMENTATION OF PATHOGEN CONTROL AND VECTOR ATTRACTION REDUCTION LEVELS FOR BIOSOLIDS
A. Pathogen control standards (dry weight of sludge solids basis).
1. Class I treatment for Class A pathogen control.
a.(1) Composting or other acceptable time-temperature treatment* shall result in a biosolids content equal to or less than either 1,000 fecal coliform per gram or three salmonella per four grams of total solids in treated sludge prior to removal for use or preparation for distribution.
b. Stabilization**(2) Verify a biosolids content less than either 1,000 MPN fecal coliform per gram of total solids, or three salmonella, or one virus (PFU), or one helminth egg, per four grams of total sludge solids and provide that vector attraction reduction requirements will be met upon use.
2. Class II treatment for Class B pathogen control.
a.(1) When the influent sludge stream to the stabilization unit operation contains more than 6 log10 fecal coliform per gram of total solids, a reduction of 1.5 log10 of fecal coliform or more may be required for stabilization.
b. Stabilization (2). Verify biosolids content maximum of 6.3 log10 of fecal coliform per gram of total solids in sludges subjected to adequate treatment and provide that vector attraction reduction requirements will be met upon use.
B. Vector attraction reduction requirements (must satisfy one of the following for approval of land application of biosolids).
1. Thirty-eight percent volatile solids (VS) reduction by digestion processes, or:
a. Less than 38% reduction by anaerobic digestion if additional treatment (additional 40 days or more at 32°C or more) results in less than 17% additional VS reduction:
Additional VS Reduction = VSD1%BFVSD2 / VSD1%BF(VSD1)(VSD2)
D1 = Initial conventional digestion period
D2 = Additional 40-day digestion period
b. Less than 38% reduction by aerobic digestion if the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of sludge is 1.5 or less milligrams of oxygen per hour per gram of total sludge solids (dry weight basis) at a temperature of 20°C.
c. Less than 38% reduction by aerobic digestion if additional treatment (additional 30 days or more at 20°C or more) results in less than 15% additional VS reduction.
d. Less than 38% reduction if treated in an adequately aerated unit operation for 14 days or more at a temperature exceeding 40°C and the average sludge temperature exceeds 45°C.
2. Sludge pH is 12 or more (alkaline addition) for two consecutive hours and remains at 11.5 or higher for 22 additional hours (no further alkaline additions), or
3. Seventy-five percent or more total solids in treated sludge if no untreated primary sludge is included, or 90% total solids if unstabilized primary sludge is included, prior to any mixing with other materials, or
4. Either incorporation of treated sludge into the soil within six hours of surface application, or direct injection below the surface of the land so that no evidence of any significant amounts of sludge is present on the land surface within one hour of injection.
5. For land application of biosolids receiving Class I treatment:
a. For surface application: apply to land within eight hours of final treatment and incorporate below the surface within six hours of application, or achieve one of the appropriate vector attraction reduction requirements by treatment.
b. For subsurface application: inject within eight hours of final treatment or achieve one of the appropriate vector attraction reduction requirements by treatment.
C. Documentation statement for submission of treatment, or quality, verification reports:
I have submitted the proper documentation to verify that the necessary levels of pathogen reduction and vector attraction reduction have been achieved for all sludge to be land applied in accordance with the permit requirements. These determinations have been made under my direction and supervision in accordance with approved procedures developed to ensure that qualified personnel obtain and evaluate the information necessary to ensure permit compliance. Also, the sludge quality characteristics are suitable for land application in accordance with permit requirements (if appropriate).
Signed by Responsible Person in Charge
(Title if appropriate) Date
(1) Note: Refers to an acceptable method of treatment with established operational controls capable of treating sludge to produce the required microbiological standards (see Article 3 (9VAC25-32-490 et seq. of this part).
(2) Refers to testing standards.
TABLE 4
EXAMPLE OF REPORT FOR SUBMISSION TO FIELD OFFICES
FIELD REPORT
PROJECT/PERMITTEE: __________________ PERMIT NO./FIELD NO: ___________
(LAND OWNER/FARMER:) ________________ FIELD ACRES: ___________________
APPLICATION MODE: ___________________ DATE AS OF: ____________________
GALLONS, WET TONS OR CUBIC YARDS
APPLIED: Month to Date ___________ Year to Date _______
DRY TONS/ACRE APPLIED: Month to Date ___________ Year to Date _______
Lifetime to Date ________
CROP/YIELD ________________ SOIL pH _________________
LBS. APPLIED/ACRE
SLUDGE PARAMETER MONTH TO DATE YEAR TO DATE LIFETIME TO DATE
P.A.N. N/A
CaCO sub3 N/A
P. N/A
K N/A
As
Cd
Cu
Mo
Ni
Pb
Se
Zn
Other:
DAILY LOADING FIELD SHEET |
DATE SOLIDS GALLONS, WET TONS OR CUBIC YARDS DRY TONS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(If nuisance problems of odors or problems with uniform applications develop, the appropriate regional offices of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality shall be notified.)
Upon such notification, were any operational changes made? Yes* No
*Specify the methods utilized to comply with treatment/application requirements on a separate attachment.
TABLE 5 |
||||
|
BIOSOLIDS APPLICATION |
STORAGE |
||
Parameter |
Infrequent(2) |
Frequent Below Agronomic Rates(2) |
Frequent at Agronomic(2) (3) |
Supernatant(4) |
Soil organic matter (%) |
|
|
* |
* |
Soil pH (Std. Units) |
* |
* |
* |
* |
Cation exchange capacity (me/100g) |
|
|
* |
|
Total nitrogen (ppm) |
|
|
* |
* |
Organic nitrogen (ppm) |
|
|
* |
* |
Ammonia nitrogen (ppm) |
|
|
* |
|
Available phosphorus (ppm) |
* |
* |
* |
* |
Exchangeable potassium (ppm) |
* |
* |
* |
|
Exchangeable sodium (mg/100g) |
|
|
* |
* |
Exchangeable calcium (mg/100g) |
|
|
* |
* |
Exchangeable magnesium (mg/100g) |
* |
|
* |
* |
Copper (ppm) |
|
|
* |
* |
Nickel (ppm) |
|
|
* |
* |
Zinc (ppm) |
|
|
* |
* |
Cadmium (ppm) |
|
|
* |
* |
Lead (ppm) |
|
|
* |
* |
Manganese (ppm) |
|
|
* |
|
Molybdenum (ppm) |
|
|
* |
|
Selenium (ppm) |
|
|
* |
|
Particle size analysis or USDA Textural estimate (%) |
|
|
* |
* |
Hydraulic conductivity (in/hr) |
|
|
|
* |
(1) Note: Unless otherwise stated, analyses shall be reported on a dry weight basis(*). (2) See 9VAC25-32-560 B 3. (3) Testing requirements to be adjusted in accordance with prior analytical test results. Heavy metal analyses are not required but once every three years before application. (4) Liquid biosolids derived from biosolids use facilities. |
TABLE 6 |
|
Annual Monitoring |
Quarterly Monitoring |
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen |
Nitrate Nitrogen |
Ammonia Nitrogen |
pH |
Phosphorus |
Conductivity |
Sodium |
Chlorides |
Boron |
Static Water Level |
Copper |
|
Lead |
|
Nickel |
|
Cadmium |
|
Zinc |
|
Hardness |
|
Alkalinity |
|
COD (TOC) |
|
Pathogen Indicator Organism |
|
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
Article 3
Biosolids Use Standards and Practices
9VAC25-32-490. Compliance with biosolids use practices of this chapter.
Guidelines set forth in 9VAC25-32-500 through 9VAC25-32-660 of this regulation specify minimum standards for biosolids use for land application, marketing and distribution, including biosolids quality and site specific management practices. Compliance with this chapter will not be required for facilities not including land application, distribution, or marketing, which have received the approval of the Commissioner of the State Department of Health and the State Water Control Board and for which operation has commenced as of January 1, 2008. Such operation of facilities is deemed to be commenced upon issuance of a certificate to operate in accordance with the Sewage Collection and Treatment Regulations (9VAC25-790). However, the board may impose standards and requirements that are more stringent than those contained in this regulation when required to protect public health or prevent nuisance conditions from developing either within critical areas, or when special conditions develop prior to or during biosolids use operations. Conformance to local land use zoning and planning should be resolved between the local government and the facility owner or permit holder. Applications submitted for facilities must demonstrate that the facility and biosolids use management practices will adequately safeguard public health and will comply with the certificate and permit requirements, as appropriate. Submissions that are in substantial compliance with this regulation and comply with any additional requirements as noted above will be approved. Justification for biosolid use proposals may be required for those portions of the submitted proposal that differ from these criteria. The owner or owner''s agent shall identify and justify noncompliance with specific standards or "shall" criteria that the department identifies, or the applicant, in his judgment, believes to be substantial in nature. The department may request changes in designs that are not in substantial compliance with this regulation and that are not adequately justified by the applicant. The fact that significant work was accomplished on a specific permit application prior to adoption of this regulation shall be a consideration when evaluating applications.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-500. Sludge management.
A. Sludge management activities shall be described in a sludge management plan or a management practices plan submitted by the owner or the owner''s agent to the department for review and approval in accordance with this section. Before sludge is utilized or disposed of, its potential effects on the land and state waters should be evaluated. Land application and facilities for biosolids use shall not result in flooding or pose a hazard to public health, wildlife, water quality, or other environmental resources as a result of biosolids transport due to flooding and subsequent runoff. Treatment works owners involved in biosolids use management practices may need to require pretreatment of industrial waste for control of contaminants of concern in order to comply with this regulation.
B. The scope and purpose, requirements, and submission and approval of sludge management plans or management practices plans are described in this subsection.
1. The general purpose of these plans is to facilitate a determination by the board that the sludge management plan or management practices plan developed by the owner presents the necessary technical guidance and regulatory requirements to facilitate the proper management of sewage sludge including use of biosolids for both normal conditions and generally anticipated adverse conditions. The plan should be developed as a reference document, being as brief as possible while presenting the information in a clear, concise and readily accessible manner. The plan should be directed toward the management option(s) for biosolids use selected for the treatment works. The plan shall address methods of controlling and monitoring the quality of sludge by the owner and the means of use of biosolids developed from that sludge by the owner or his agent (9VAC25-32-670 and 9VAC25-32-680).
2. Complete sludge management plans or management practices plans shall be submitted for all biosolids use activities, by the owner, or owner''s agent. The plan shall contain the elements required by applicable sections of this regulation (9VAC25-32-670 and 9VAC25-32-680).
3. Submission and approval of sludge management plans or management practices plans involving the land application of biosolids shall be at the time of permit application as follows:
a. Three copies of the final sludge management plan or management practices plan shall be submitted to the appropriate regional office. The technical evaluation of the plan will not commence until the applicant has submitted all necessary information.
b. Upon receipt of comments or no response by contacted agencies the department will complete the evaluation of the plan and the board will approve or disapprove the plan as technically adequate.
c. The board will approve the plan if it is determined that biosolids use will be in compliance with Article 2 (9VAC25-32-360 et seq.) of this part. If the board determines that substantial revision to the plan is required, the department shall send a letter to the owner and plan preparer, outlining the necessary revision and requesting submission of a revised plan within 60 days. A revised plan constitutes a resubmittal.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-510. General biosolids use standards.
A. 9VAC25-32-510 and 9VAC25-32-550 provide minimum criteria that will be used for reviewing sludge management plans and management practices plans. Each plan shall address site-specific management practices involving use of biosolids. Final disposition of sludge may involve use or disposal. For the purpose of 9VAC25-32-510 and 9VAC25-32-550, "use" shall include resource recovery, recycling or deriving beneficial use from the material. "Disposal" shall involve the final disposition of a waste material without resource recovery, recycling or deriving beneficial use from the material.
B. All practical use options should be evaluated before disposal options are evaluated or selected. Biosolids use practices include land application for agricultural, nonagricultural and silvicultural use and the distribution and marketing of exceptional quality biosolids. Sludge disposal methods include incineration, landfill codisposal, surface disposal, and other dedicated disposal practices, such as burial on dedicated disposal sites.
C. Water quality protection and monitoring provisions shall be included in all sludge management plans and management practices plans, except for those land application practices designed for limited loadings (amounts per area per time period) within defined field areas in agricultural use. Groundwater monitoring requirements shall be evaluated by the board for annual application of biosolids to specific sites, reclamation of disturbed and marginal lands and application to forest land (silviculture). Submittal of site-specific (soils and other) information for each identified separate field area shall be required for issuance of permits. For information regarding handling and disposal of septage, refer to the Sewage Handling and Disposal Regulations, 12VAC5-610. Septage treated and managed in accordance with standards contained in this regulation is defined as either sewage sludge or as biosolids as appropriate.
D. Conformance of biosolids use to local land use zoning and planning should be resolved between the local government and the permit applicant. The permit applicant shall attempt to notify land owners of property within 200 feet and 1,000 feet of the boundaries of sites proposed for frequent use and dedicated sites, respectively, and furnish the department and the chief executive officer or designee for the local government where the site is located with acceptable documentation of such notifications (i.e., intent to land-apply biosolids on the proposed locations). Relevant concerns of adjacent landowners will be considered in the evaluation of site suitability.
E. The requirements for processing approvals of sludge management plans and management practices plans are included in 9VAC25-32-500 B as well as (i) requirements for notification of applications, hearings and meetings, and (ii) minimum information required for completion of a sludge management plan for land application (9VAC25-32-670 and 9VAC 25-32-680).
F. At least 100 days prior to commencing land application of biosolids at a permitted site, the permit holder shall deliver or cause to be delivered written notification that is substantially in compliance with this section to the chief executive officer or designee for the local government where the site is located. This requirement may be satisfied by providing a list of available permitted sites in the locality at least 100 days prior to commencing the application at any site on the list. If the site is located in more than one county, the information shall be provided to all jurisdictions where the site is located. Sufficiency of such notices shall be determined by the department.
G. The notification required by this section shall include the following:
1. The name, address and telephone number of the permit holder, including the name of a representative knowledgeable of the permit;
2. Identification by tax map number and farm service agency (FSA) farm tract number of parcels on which land application is to take place;
3. A map indicating haul routes to each site where land application is to take place;
4. The name or title, and telephone number of at least one individual designated by the permit holder to respond to questions and complaints related to the land application project;
5. The approximate dates on which land application is to begin and end at the site;
6. The name and telephone number of the person or persons at the Virginia Department of Health to be contacted in connection with the permit; and
7. The name, address, and telephone number of the wastewater treatment facility, or facilities, from which the biosolids will originate, including the name or title of a representative of the treatment facility that is knowledgeable about the land application operation.
H. The permit holder shall deliver or cause to be delivered written notification to the department as least 14 days prior to commencing land application of sewage sludge at a permitted site. The notice shall identify the location of the permitted site and the expected sources of the sewage sludge to be applied to the site.
I. Within 24 hours of receiving notification of a complaint, the permit holder shall commence investigation of said complaint. The permit holder shall confirm receipt of a complaint by phone, email or facsimile to the department, the chief executive officer or designee for the local government of the jurisdiction in which the complaint originates, and the owner of the treatment facility from which the biosolids originated within 24 hours after receiving the complaint. Complaints and responses thereto shall be documented by the permit holder and submitted with monthly land application reports to department and copied to the chief executive officer or designee for the local government and the owner of the treatment facility from which the biosolids originated.
Localities receiving complaints concerning land application of sewage sludge shall notify the department and the permit holder.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-520. Sludge quality and composition.
A. Sampling and testing sludge. Samples shall be collected so as to provide a representative composition of the sludge. Analytical testing shall be performed by a laboratory capable of testing in accordance with current EPA-approved methods or other accepted methods. The operational section of this regulation establishes the minimum constituents that shall be analyzed and the sampling and preservation procedures that should be utilized. The sludge management plan or management practices plan shall detail both the sampling and testing methods used to characterize the sludge.
B. Nonhazardous declaration. Regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Virginia Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (9VAC20-60) identify listed hazardous wastes and hazardous waste characteristics. Municipal wastewater or sewage sludge is neither excluded nor specifically listed as hazardous waste. Hazardous wastes as established through RCRA and appropriate state regulations are not managed under this regulation. The owner shall monitor sludge characteristics as required to determine if it is hazardous or nonhazardous and declare to the department that the sludge generated at his facility is nonhazardous.
C. Sludge treatment. Sludges shall be subjected to a treatment process sequence designed to reduce both the pathogen content and the solids content to the appropriate level for the selected method of management, such as land application. For such use options, the sludge treatment provided shall minimize the potential for vector attraction and prevent objectionable odor problems from developing during management. Acceptable levels of pathogen reduction may be achieved by various established conventional treatment methods including Class I treatment to accomplish Class A pathogen control and Class II treatment to accomplish Class B pathogen control 9VAC25-32-610. The level of pathogen control achieved by nonconventional treatment must be verified by microbiological monitoring (Table 3).
For land application, Class B pathogen, or better, shall be achieved. Such Class I or II treatment may involve either: anaerobic or aerobic digestion, high or low temperature composting, heat treatment, air drying, or chemical treatment processes utilizing alkaline additives or chlorine. For use of treated sludge or sludge products involving a high potential for public contact, it may be necessary to achieve further pathogen reduction (Class A) beyond that attained by the above processes. Such Class I treatment may be accomplished by (i) heat treatment and drying, (ii) thermophilic composting, (iii) alkaline treatment. A three-log reduction or more (a thousand-fold reduction) in pathogenic bacteria and viral microorganisms to meet conventional treatment standards. Raw sludge levels of pathogenic bacteria and viral microorganisms can be effectively reduced to safe levels by conventional Class I treatment methods.
Properly treated sludges can be safely utilized and should not create any nuisance problems when managed in accordance with approved sludge management or management practices plans. A sludge that receives Class I or II treatment for adequate pathogen control and is treated or managed to properly reduce vector attraction and pollutants within acceptable levels (Table 7-A) is referred to as "biosolids." A Class I treated sludge with approved control of vector attraction and acceptable levels of pollutants (Table 7-A) is referred to as "exceptional quality biosolids."
D. Sludge composition. The characterization of sludge properties is a necessary first step in the design of a use/disposal system. Monitoring and testing for certain pollutants shall be achieved prior to specific use or disposal practices. For the purposes of this regulation, sludge management and testing methods shall account for moisture content including (i) liquid sludge defined as sludges with less than 15% total solids, (ii) dewatered sludge normally defined as sludges with 15% to 30% total solids; or (iii) dried sludge normally defined as sludges with more than 30% total solids.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-530. Land acquisition and management control.
A. When land application of sludge is proposed, the continued availability of the land and protection from improper concurrent use during the utilization period shall be assured. A written agreement shall be established between the landowner and owner to be submitted with the permit application, whereby the landowner, among other things, shall consent to apply sewage sludge on his property. The responsibility for obtaining and maintaining the agreements lies with the party who is the holder of the permit. Site management controls shall include access limitations relative to the level of pathogen control achieved during treatment. In addition, agricultural use of sludge in accordance with this regulation is not to result in harm to threatened or endangered species of plant, fish, or wildlife, nor result in the destruction or adverse modification of the critical habitat of a threatened or endangered species. Site-specific information shall be provided as part of the sludge management or management practices plan.
B. At least 48 hours prior to delivery of biosolids for land application on any site permitted under this regulation, the permit holder shall post a sign at the site that substantially complies with this section, is visible and legible from the public right-of-way, and conforms to the specifications herein. If the site is not located adjacent to a public right-of-way, the sign shall be posted at or near the intersection of the public right-of-way and the main site access road or driveway to the site. The department may grant a waiver to this or any other requirement, or require alternative posting options due to extenuating circumstances. The sign shall remain in place for at least 48 hours after land application has been completed at the site.
C. The sign shall be made of weather-resistant materials and shall be sturdily mounted so as to be capable of remaining in place and legible throughout the period that the sign is required at the site. Signs required by this section shall be temporary, nonilluminated, four square feet or more in area and shall only contain the following information:
1. A statement that biosolids are being land-applied at the site;
2. The name and telephone number of the permit holder as well as the name or title, and telephone number of an individual designated by the permit holder to respond to complaints and inquiries; and
3. Contact information for the Virginia Department of Health, including a telephone number for complaints and inquiries.
D. The permit holder shall promptly replace or repair any sign that has been removed from a land application site prior to 48 hours after completion of land application or that has been damaged so as to render any of its required information illegible.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-540. Transport.
A. Transport routes should follow primary highways, should avoid residential areas when possible, and should comply with all Virginia Department of Transportation requirements and standards. Transport vehicles shall be sufficiently sealed to prevent leakage and spillage of sludge. For sludges with a solids content of less than 15%, totally closed watertight transport vehicles with rigid tops shall be provided to prevent spillage unless adequate justification is provided to demonstrate that such controls are unnecessary. The board may also require certain dewatered sludges exceeding 15% solids content to be handled as liquid sludges. The minimum information for sludge transport that shall be supplied in the sludge management plan is listed in 9VAC25-32-670 and 9VAC25-32-680.
B. The permit holder shall be responsible for the prompt cleanup and removal of biosolids spilled during transport to the land application site or to or from a storage facility. The operations manual shall include a plan for the prevention of spills during transport and for the cleanup and removal of spills. The permit holder shall ensure that its personnel, subcontractors or the drivers of vehicles transporting biosolids for land application shall be properly trained in procedures for spill removal and cleanup.
C. The permit holder shall take appropriate steps to prevent drag-out and track-out of dirt and debris or biosolids from land application sites onto public roads. Where material is transported onto a paved or public road surface, the road surface shall be cleaned thoroughly as soon as practicable, but no later than the end of each day.
D. The permit holder shall promptly report offsite spills to the Virginia Department of Health, the chief executive officer or designee for the local government and the owner of the facility generating the biosolids. The report shall be made verbally as soon as possible, but no later than 24 hours after the discovery of the spill. After business hours notification may be provided by voicemail, facsimile or email.
E. A written report, which shall include a description of measures taken in response to the spill, shall be submitted by the permit holder to the Virginia Department of Health, the chief executive officer or designee for the local government and the owner of the facility generating the biosolids within five working days of the spill. The report may be sent by first class mail, facsimile or email, or it may be hand delivered.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-550. Storage facilities.
A. No person shall apply to the Department of Environmental Quality for a permit, a variance, or a permit modification authorizing storage of sewage sludge without first complying with all requirements adopted pursuant to §62.1-44.19:3 R of the Code of Virginia.
B. Three types of storage may be integrated into a complete sludge management plan including (i) "emergency storage" involving immediate implementation of storage for any sludge that becomes necessary due to unforeseen circumstances, (ii) "temporary storage" involving the provision of storage of stabilized sludges at the land application site that becomes necessary due to unforeseen climatic events that preclude land application of biosolids in the day that it is transported from the generator, or (iii) "routine storage" involving the storage of biosolids as necessary for all nonapplication periods of the year. Only routine storage facilities shall be considered a facility under this regulation.
C. Emergency storage. The owner shall notify the department upon implementation of any emergency storage. Approval of such storage and subsequent processing of the sludge and supernatant will be considered as a contingency plan integrated into the sludge management plan. Only emergency storage shall be used for storage of unstabilized sludges. Further processing utilization and disposal shall be conducted in accordance with the approved sludge management plan. Design and implementation of facilities used for emergency storage shall not result in water quality, public health or nuisance problems.
D. Temporary storage. The owner shall notify the department whenever it is necessary to implement temporary storage. Temporary storage may be utilized at the land application site due to unforeseen climatic factors that preclude application of sludge (either offloaded at the site or in transport to the site) to permitted sites within the same working day. Temporary storage is not to be used as a substitute for routine storage and is restricted as follows:
1. Sludge stored at the site shall be land applied prior to additional offloading of sludge at the same site;
2. The owner shall be restricted to storing a daily maximum amount of 100 wet tons per operational site;
3. The stored sludge shall be land applied within 30 days from the initiation of storage or moved to a routine sludge facility;
4. Approval of plans for temporary storage will be considered as part of the overall sludge management plan;
5. Temporary storage shall not occur in areas prone to flooding at a 25-year or less frequency interval;
6. A synthetic liner shall be required for placement under and over sludge stored in this manner with one exception: where sludge is stockpiled for less than seven days, a liner placed under the stored sludge is not required. Surface water diversions and other best management provisions (BMP) should be utilized as appropriate; and
7. Temporary storage shall not result in water quality, public health or nuisance problems.
E. Routine storage. Routine storage facilities shall be provided for all land application projects if no alternative means of management is available during nonapplication periods. Plans and specifications for any surface storage facilities (pits, ponds, lagoons) or aboveground facilities (tanks, pads) shall be submitted as part of the minimum information requirements.
1. Location. The facility shall be located at an elevation that is not subject to, or is otherwise protected against, inundation produced by the 100-year flood/wave action as defined by U.S. Geological Survey or equivalent information. Storage facilities should be located to provide minimum visibility. All storage facilities with a capacity in excess of 100 wet tons and located offsite of property owned by the generator shall be provided with a minimum 750-feet buffer zone. The length of the buffer zone considered will be the distance measured from the perimeter of the storage facility. Residential uses, high-density human activities and activities involving food preparation are prohibited within the buffer zone. The board may consider a reduction of up to half of the above buffer requirements based on such facts as lagoon area, topography, prevailing wind direction, and the inclusion of an effective windbreak in the overall design.
2. Design capacity. The design capacity shall be sufficient to store a minimum volume equivalent to 60 days or more average production of biosolids and the incidental wastewater generated by operation of the treatment works plus sufficient capacity necessary for: (i) the 25 year-24 hour design storm (incident rainfall and any runoff as may be present); (ii) net precipitation excess during the storage period; and (iii) an additional one foot freeboard from the maximum water level (attributed to the sum of the above factors) to the top berm elevation. Storage capacity of less than that specified above will be considered on a case-by-case basis only if sufficient justification warrants such a reduction. If alternative methods of management cannot be adequately verified, contractors should provide for a minimum of 30 days of in-state routine storage capacity for the average quantity of sludge transported into Virginia from out-of-state treatment works generating at least a Class II level treated sludge.
3. Construction. Storage facilities shall be of uniform shape (round, square, rectangular) with no narrow or elongated portions. The facilities shall be lined in accordance with the requirements contained in sewerage regulations or certificate. The facilities shall also be designed to permit access of equipment necessary for loading and unloading biosolids, and should be designed with receiving facilities to allow for even distribution of sludge into the facility. Design should also provide for truck cleaning facilities as may be necessary. Storage facilities with a capacity of 100 wet tons or less shall comply with the provision for temporary storage as a minimum.
4. Monitoring. All sludge storage facilities in excess of 100-wet ton capacity shall be monitored in accordance with the requirements of this regulation. Plans and specifications shall be provided for such a monitoring program in accordance with the minimum information specified in Article 4 (9VAC25-32-670 et seq.) of this part.
5. Operation. Only biosolids suitable for land application (Class A or B biosolids) shall be placed into permitted routine storage facilities. Storage of biosolids located offsite or remote from the wastewater treatment works during the summer months shall be avoided whenever possible so that the routine storage facility remains as empty as possible during the summer months. Storage facilities should be operated in a manner such that sufficient freeboard is provided to ensure that the maximum anticipated high water elevation due to any and all design storm inputs is not less than one foot below the top berm elevation. Complete plans for supernatant disposal shall be provided in accordance with Article 4 (9VAC25-32-670 et seq.) of this part. Plans for supernatant disposal may include transport to the sewage treatment works, mixing with the biosolids for land application or land application separately. However, separate land application of supernatant will be regulated as liquid sludge; additional testing, monitoring and treatment (disinfection) may be required. The facility site shall be fenced to a minimum height of five feet; gates and locks shall be provided to control access. The fence should be posted with signs identifying the facility. The fence should not be constructed closer than 10 feet to the outside edge of the facility or appurtenances, to allow adequate accessibility.
6. Closure. An appropriate plan of closure or abandonment shall be developed by the permittee when the facility ceases to be utilized and approved by the board. Such plans may also be reviewed by the Department of Health.
7. Recordkeeping. A manifest system shall be developed, implemented and maintained and be available for inspection during operations as part of the overall daily recordkeeping for the project Article 4 (9VAC25-32-670 et seq.) of this part.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-560. Biosolids utilization methods.
A. Requirements applicable to land application of biosolids.
1. All biosolids application rates, application times and other site management operations shall be restricted as specified in the approved management practices plan. The management practices plan shall include a nutrient management plan as required by 9VAC25-32-680 and prepared by a certified nutrient management planner as stipulated in regulations promulgated pursuant to §10.1-104.2 of the Code of Virginia.
2. Biosolids shall be treated to meet standards for land application as required by Part IX (9VAC25-32-310 et seq.) of this chapter prior to delivery at the land application site. No person shall alter the composition of biosolids at a site approved for land application of biosolids under a Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit. Any person who engages in the alteration of such biosolids shall be subject to the penalties provided in Article 6 (§62.1-44.31 et seq.) of Chapter 3.1 of Title 62.1 of the Code of Virginia. The addition of lime or deodorants to biosolids that have been treated to meet standards for land application as required by Part IX (9VAC25-32-310 et seq.) of this chapter shall not constitute alteration of the composition of biosolids. The board may authorize public institutions of higher education to conduct scientific research on the composition of biosolids that may be applied to land.
B. Agricultural use. Agricultural use of sewage sludge is the land application of biosolids (Table 7) to cropland or pasture land to obtain agronomic benefits as a plant nutrient source and soil conditioner. This use shall require a system design that ensures that the land application procedures are performed in accordance with sound agronomic principles.
1. Sludge treatment. As a minimum, biosolids that are applied to the land or incorporated into the soil shall be treated by a Class II pathogen treatment process and shall be treated or managed to provide an acceptable level of vector attraction reduction.
2. Site soils. Soils best suited for agricultural use should possess good tilth and drainage capabilities, have moderate to high surface infiltration rates and moderate to slow subsoil permeability. Depth to bedrock or restrictive layers should be a minimum of 18 inches. Depth to the seasonal water table should exceed 18 inches as defined by the Soil Conservation Service soil survey. If such information is not available the water table depth may be determined by soil characteristics or water table observations. If the soil survey or such evidence indicates that the seasonal water table can be less than 18 inches below the average ground surface, soil borings shall be utilized within seven days prior to land application operations during periods of high water table for the soil series present, to verify that the 18-inch depth restriction is complied with during field operations. The use of soil borings and water table depth verification may be required for such sites from November to May (during seasonal high water table elevations) of each year depending on soil type. Constructed channels (agricultural drainage ditch) may be utilized to remove surface water and lower the water table as necessary for crop productions and site management.
The pH of the biosolids and soil mixture shall be 6.0 or greater at the time of each biosolids application if the biosolids cadmium concentration is greater than or equal to 21 mg/kg. The soil pH must be properly tested and recorded prior to land application operations during which a pH change of one-half unit or more may occur within the zone of incorporation (i.e., use of biosolids containing lime or other alkaline additives at 10% or more of dry solid weight).
3. Management practices.
a. Application rates and requirements. Process design considerations shall include sludge composition, soil characteristics, climate, vegetation, cropping practices, and other pertinent factors in determining application rates. Site specific application rates should be proposed using pertinent biosolids plant available nitrogen (PAN) and crop nutrient needs (agronomic rate listed in Table 10) and the cumulative trace element loading rates (Table 8). Lime amended biosolids shall be applied at rates that are not expected to result in a target soil pH in the plow layer above a pH of 6.5 for soils located in the coastal plain and above a pH of 6.8 in other areas of the state. Agricultural use of treated septage shall be in accordance with these requirements (Table 12). The biosolids application rate, application timing and all other site management practices shall be restricted to the following criteria in accordance with the approved management practices plan including the nutrient management plan that may prescribe more restrictive site management practices than the following criteria:
(1) For infrequent applications, biosolids may be applied such that the total crop needs for nitrogen (Table 10 Agronomic Rate) is not exceeded (in order to minimize the amount of nitrogen that passes below the crop root zone to actually or potentially pollute groundwater), during a one-year crop rotation period including the production and harvesting of two crops in succession within a consecutive 12-month growing season. However, the total application of biosolids shall not exceed a computed maximum loading of 15 dry tons per acre, unless a higher loading can be justified in relation to both the biosolids and the site characteristics, including the biosolids nutrient and dry solids content and the site slopes. No further applications of biosolids shall be allowed for a period of three years from the date that the agronomic rate is achieved for the crop or crops grown in the following 12 months.
(2) The infrequent application rate may be restricted: (i) down to 10% of the maximum cumulative loading rate (Table 8) for cadmium and lead (i.e., 2.0 kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) for cadmium); or (ii) to account for all sources of nutrients applied to the site, including existing residuals.
(3) The infrequent application rate may also be restricted by the lime content of the biosolids.
(4) For systems designed for frequent application of biosolids (application of the PAN requirement for a normal crop rotation more frequently than once in every three years), the previous year''s applied biosolids nitrogen and mineralization rates (Table 11) and soil phosphorus levels, shall be considered in the design and proposed subsequent application rates. Acceptable nutrient management requirements shall be included in the management practices plan for all sites proposed for frequent at-agronomic application rates (9VAC25-32-680).
(5) Frequent below-agronomic application rate involves frequent applications of biosolids on permanent pasture or hay at less than the PAN requirement listed in Table 10. Frequent below-agronomic application rates shall be calculated using one of the following options:
(a) A maximum of 70% of the nitrogen requirement of the permanent pasture or hay crop can be applied on an annual basis. The 70% application rate shall be calculated after accounting for the previous two years'' applied biosolids nitrogen mineralization rates.
(b) A maximum of 50% of the nitrogen requirement of the permanent pasture or hay crop can be applied on an annual basis. It is not necessary to account for the previous two years'' applied biosolids nitrogen mineralization rates under this option.
For systems designed for frequent below-agronomic rates, surface and groundwater monitoring shall not be required. Soil phosphorus levels shall be considered in the design of proposed subsequent application rates. No application shall be made between September 15 and March 15 on warm-season grasses and alfalfa.
b. Standard slopes and topography. Management practices specifying uniform application of biosolids at approved rates should be established in accordance with standard slopes. Agronomic practices and crop growth on sites with slope of not greater than 7.0% will provide acceptable protection of surface water quality during the active growing season. If biosolids are applied to site slopes greater than 7.0% during the period of November 16 of one year to March 15 of the following year certain best management practices (BMP''s) should be utilized (see subdivision 3 c (1) of this subsection). Biosolids should be directly injected into soils on sites exhibiting erosion potential unless other best management practices are utilized to minimize soil erosion and the potential of nonpoint runoff. Biosolids shall not be applied to site slopes exceeding 15%. Biosolids shall be directly injected or incorporated (mixed within the normal plow layer within 48 hours) if: (i) applied on sites with less than 60% uniform residue cover (stalks, vines, stubble, etc.) within any portion of the site; or (ii) applied to soils during periods of time soils may be subject to frequent flooding as defined by soil survey information.
c. Operations.
(1) Field management. The application rate of all application equipment shall be routinely measured as described in an approved sludge management plan and every effort shall be made to ensure uniform application of biosolids within sites in accordance with approved maximum design loading rates. Liquid sludges shall not be applied at rates exceeding 14,000 gallons per acre, per application. Sufficient drying times shall be allowed between subsequent applications. Application vehicles should be suitable for use on agricultural land. Pasture and hay fields should be grazed or clipped to a height of approximately four and six inches, respectively, prior to biosolids application unless the biosolids can be uniformly applied so as not to mat down the vegetative cover so that the site vegetation can be clipped to a height of approximately four inches within one week of the biosolids application. If application methods do not result in a uniform distribution of biosolids, additional operational methods shall be employed following application such as dragging with a pasture harrow, followed by clipping if required, to achieve a uniform distribution of the applied biosolids.
Surface incorporation may be required on cropland by the department, or the local monitor with approval of the department, to mitigate excessive odors when incorporation is practicable and compatible with a soil conservation plan meeting the standards and specifications of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service.
In accordance with the management practices plan, when biosolids are applied to site slopes greater than 7.0% between the period of November 16 of one year, and March 15 of the following year, one of the following practices shall be used to prevent runoff and soil loss:
(a) Biosolids are surface applied or subsurface injected beneath an established living crop such as hay, pasture, or timely planted small grain or cover crop;
(b) Biosolids are surface applied or subsurface injected so that immediately after application the crop residue still provides at least 60% soil surface coverage; or
(c) Biosolids are applied by surface application or subsurface injection and the site is operated in compliance with an existing soil conservation plan approved by the U.S.D.A. Natural Resource Conservation Service and will remain in compliance after any subsequent tillage operation to incorporate the biosolids.
In accordance with the management practices plan if site slopes exceed 5.0% up to 7.0%, biosolids can be applied by surface application or subsurface injection followed by: (i) incorporation within 48 hours of application if crop residue still provides at least 30% soil surface coverage immediately following incorporation, or (ii) ridge tilling or chisel plowing within 48 hours of application; during the period of November 16 to March 15 of the following year. The site should be chisel plowed or ridge tilled predominately along the contour so that uniform parallel ridges of four inches or greater are created that will improve soil roughness and reduce runoff. Consideration should also be given to the use of similar practices on slopes of 5.0% or less when feasible for applications during the late fall and winter.
(2) Restrictions. Biosolids application shall not be made during times when the seasonal high water table of the soil is within 18 inches of the ground surface. Biosolids may only be applied to snow-covered ground if the snow cover does not exceed one inch and the snow and biosolids are immediately incorporated within 24 hours of application. Liquid sludges may not be applied to frozen ground. Dry or dewatered sludges may be applied to frozen ground only if (i) site slopes are 5.0% or less; (ii) a 200-foot vegetative (i.e., at least 60% uniformly covered by stalks or other vegetation) buffer is maintained from surface water courses; and (iii) the entire application site has uniform soil coverage of at least 60% with stalks, vines, stubble, or other vegetation and the site soils are characterized as well drained.
In accordance with the management practices plan, when biosolids are land applied between March 15 and September 1, crop planting following biosolids application should occur within a 30-day period. When biosolids are applied to sites between September 1 and November 16, an agronomically justified crop capable of trapping plant available nitrogen such as small grain shall be planted within 45 days of the application of biosolids or prior to November 16, whichever comes first, or an established cool season grass sod or timely planted small grain crop shall be present. The crop planted should be capable of germination and significant growth before the onset of winter so the plant is able to use available nitrogen released by the biosolids.
On sites with a high leaching index (greater than 10) as defined by the Department of Conservation and Recreation, an established cool season grass or timely planted small grain crop should be present when biosolids are applied to such sites between November 16 and December 21 in accordance with the nutrient management plan. Biosolids should not be applied any earlier than 30 days prior to spring planting on environmentally sensitive sites in accordance with the nutrient management plan.
d. Buffer zones.
(1) Setback distances. If slopes are greater than 7.0% and biosolids will be applied between November 16 and March 15, setback distances to perennial streams and other surface water bodies shall be doubled. The location of land application of biosolids shall not occur within the following minimum buffer zone requirements:
|
|
|
||
Adjacent Features |
Surface Application1 |
Incorporation |
Winter2 |
|
Occupied dwellings |
200 ft. |
200 |
200 |
|
Water supply wells or springs |
100 ft. |
100 |
100 |
|
Property lines |
100 ft. |
50 |
100 |
|
Perennial streams and other surface waters except intermittent streams |
50 ft. |
35 |
100 |
|
Intermittent streams/drainage ditches |
25 ft. |
25 |
50 |
|
All improved roadways |
10 ft. |
5 |
10 |
|
Rock outcrops and sinkholes |
25 ft. |
25 |
25 |
|
Agricultural drainage ditches with slopes equal to or less than 2.0% |
10 ft. |
5 |
10 |
|
|
1 Note: Not plowed or disced to incorporate within 48 hours. 2 Application occurs on average site slope greater than 7.0% during the time between November 16 of one year and March 15 of the following year. |
The stated buffer zones to adjacent property boundaries and drainage ditches constructed for agricultural operations may be reduced by 50% for subsurface application (includes same day incorporation) unless state or federal regulations provide more stringent requirements. Written consent of affected landowners is required to reduce buffer distances from property lines and dwellings. In cases where more than one buffer distance is involved, the most restrictive distance governs. Buffer requirements may be increased or decreased based on either site specific features, such as agricultural drainage features and site slopes, or on biosolids application procedures demonstrating precise placement methods.
(2) Extended buffer setback distances. For applications where surface applied biosolids are not incorporated, the department (or the local monitor with approval of the department) may require as a site-specific permit condition, extended buffer zone setback distances when necessary to protect odor sensitive receptors. When necessary, buffer zone setback distances from odor sensitive receptors may be extended to 400 feet or more and no biosolids shall be applied within such extended buffer zones. In accordance with 9VAC25-32-100 and 9VAC25-32-490, the board may impose standards and requirements that are more stringent when required to protect public health and the environment, or prevent nuisance conditions from developing, either prior to or during biosolids use operations.
e. Monitoring and testing. Groundwater and surface water and soils monitoring and testing may be required by the department, or the local monitor with approval of the department for any frequent application sites (reach agronomic rate more than once in three years) for which a potential environmental or public health concern is identified by the board in accordance with this regulation (9VAC25-32-400). Groundwater monitoring and testing should not be required for infrequent application of biosolids.
C. Forestland (Silviculture). Silvicultural use includes application of biosolids to commercial timber and fiber production land, as well as federal and state forests. The forestland may be recently cleared and planted, young plantations (two-year-old to five-year-old trees) or established forest stands.
1. Sludge standards. Refer to 9VAC25-32-590 and 9VAC25-32-660 of this Article.
2. Site suitability. Site suitability requirements should conform to subdivision A 2 of this section. The soil pH should be managed at the natural soil pH for the types of trees proposed for growth.
3. Management practices.
a. Application rates. Biosolids application rates shall be in accordance with the management practices plan and information provided by the Virginia Department of Forestry.
b. Operations.
(1) Field management.
(a) High pressure spray shall not be utilized if public activity is occurring within 1,500 feet downwind of the application site. Public access to the site shall be adequately limited or controlled following application (Article 3 (9VAC25-32-490 et seq.) of this part).
(b) The operations should only proceed when the wind velocity is less than or equal to 15 miles per hour. When high pressure spray is used windless conditions are preferred for such operations.
(c) Biosolids application vehicles should have adequate clearance to be suitable for silvicultural field use.
(d) Application scheduling should take into account high rainfall periods and periods of freezing conditions.
(e) Monitoring requirements shall be site specific and may include groundwater, surface water or soils, for frequent application sites.
(2) Buffer zones. Buffer zones should conform to those for agricultural utilization. Refer to Table 2.
D. Reclamation of disturbed land. Biosolids applied at rates exceeding the agronomic rate may reclaim disturbed land in one or more of the following ways: (i) surface or underground mining operations, (ii) the deposition of ore processing wastes, (iii) deposition of dredge spoils or fly ash in construction areas such as roads and borrow pits. Reclamation of disturbed land is within the jurisdiction of the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy. That department should be contacted concerning issuance of a permit for these operations. The land reclamation management practices plan should be prepared with the assistance of the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, the Soil Conservation Service and the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service.
1. Sludge standards. Refer to the standards of this article.
2. Site suitability. Site suitability requirements should conform to subdivision A 2 of this section. Exceptions may be considered on a case-by-case basis.
3. Management practices.
a. Application rates. The application rates shall be established in the management practices plan through recommendations provided by appropriate agencies including the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy and the appropriate faculty of the Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
b. Vegetation selection. The land should be seeded with grass and legumes even when reforested in order to help prevent erosion and utilize available plant nitrogen. The management practices plan should include information on the seeding mixture and a detailed seeding schedule.
c. Operations.
(1) The soil pH should be maintained at 6.0 or above if the cadmium level in the biosolids applied is at or above 21 mg/kg. during the first year after the initial application. Soil samples should be analyzed by a qualified laboratory. The application rate shall be limited by the most restrictive cumulative trace element loading (Table 8).
(2) Surface material should be turned or worked prior to the surface application of liquid biosolids, to minimize potential for runoff, since solids in liquid sludge can clog soil surface pores.
(3) Unless the applied biosolids are determined to be Class A or have been documented as subjected to Class I treatment, crops intended for direct human consumption shall not be grown for a period of three years following the date of the last sludge application unless the crop is tested to verify that the crop is not contaminated. No animals whose products are intended for human consumption may graze the site or obtain feed from the site for a period of six months following the date of the last biosolids application, unless representative samples of the animal products are tested after grazing and prior to marketing to verify that they are not contaminated.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-570. Distribution and marketing.
A. Exceptional quality. Distribution or marketing provides for the sale or distribution of exceptional quality biosolids or mixtures of Class I treated biosolids with other materials such that the mixture achieves the Class A pathogen control standard. Distribution or marketing of Class I treated biosolids that have been mixed with inert materials may be approved on a case-by-case basis. Inert materials shall not contain pathogens or attract vectors. Use of such mixtures for agricultural purposes should be evaluated through proper testing or research programs designed to access the suitability of the material for such use. Exceptional quality biosolids marketed as fertilizers or soil conditioners must be registered with the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. The permit applicant shall obtain such registration prior to issuance of a permit by the board for residential, agricultural, reclamation or silvicultural use.
1. Because of the high potential for public contact with distributed and marketed sludge or sludge products, only biosolids processed to meet criteria specified for Class I treatment process sequences designed to eliminate or further reduce pathogens (PFRP) shall be sold or given away for application to land. In addition, the biosolids must meet vector attraction reduction requirements, and other quality standards (Table 8) as required for the intended use.
2. Exceptional quality biosolids may be distributed and marketed in either bulk amounts (unpacked) or as a bagged product. For purposes of this regulation, a bulk use quantity of biosolids will be defined as a volume of that sludge product containing 15 dry tons or more of sewage sludge. Application of bulk use quantities of exceptional quality biosolids to home vegetable gardens shall not exceed an equivalent annual loading rate of approximately one pound dry weight of biosolids per square foot (garden products may constitute a significant portion of a family diet and the amount of applied biosolids cannot be specifically controlled as in agricultural use). Exceptional quality biosolids can ideally be used as soil amendments for horticulture and landscaping purposes such as:
a. Use in potting soil mixes;
b. Use for seed beds, for establishment of grass and other vegetation and for topdressing of existing lawns and landscape vegetation.
3. Only exceptional quality biosolids produced from an approved sludge processing facility can be distributed and marketed. Biosolids sold for use as soil amendments or fertilizers must be registered with the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Approved sludge processing facilities are those facilities constructed and operated in compliance with required permits. Approved methods of Class I processing for biosolids for distribution or marketing include, but may not be limited to, the methods described in this article.
B. Permits. Any owner who proposes to distribute or market exceptional quality biosolids or materials derived from Class I biosolids (distributor), including soil additives or compost in bulk use quantities, shall be required to obtain a written approval issued by the board. The derived material shall achieve acceptable vector attraction reduction standards and contain acceptable levels of solids and pollutant concentrations in accordance with this regulation. A permit for distribution or marketing is not required provided that an operation permit has been issued for land application of the processed material as part of either an approved sludge management plan (12VAC5-585-140 H) or an approved management practices plan (12VAC5-585-240). Approval of the distribution of bulk use quantities of exceptional quality biosolids is not required for a holder of a valid permit that authorizes distribution in bulk use quantities. All requests for bulk use approval shall be directed initially to the appropriate regional office of the department. The Virginia Department of Health, the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services and the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation may participate in the review of such permits involving land application. A permit for distribution of bulk use quantities of biosolids will require the submittal and review of an acceptable distribution information sheet as described in this regulation. The approval of a distribution information sheet for bulk use quantities of exceptional quality biosolids will be issued in the form of a letter of approval of such use by the department's regional offices.
The permittee shall maintain records on the sludge processing facility operation, maintenance and laboratory testing. Records shall be maintained for all samples to include the following: (i) the date and time of sampling, (ii) the sampling methods used, (iii) the date analyses were performed, (iv) the identity of the individual obtaining each sample and the analysts, and (v) the results of all required analyses and measurements. The records shall include all data and calculations used and shall be available to the department for inspections at reasonable times. All required records shall be kept for a minimum of five years.
C. Information furnished to all users. Biosolids distributed for public use in Virginia shall have proper identification of the producer and a description of the product including an acceptable statement of quality based on representative analytical testing. This information shall be provided by the owner in either brochures for bulk distribution or by proper labeling on bagged material. Labeling requirements should be addressed in a management plan or in the operation and maintenance manual for the processing facility.
Information provided to users of marketed or distributed biosolids should note the following: (i) the nutrient content, (ii) the acceptable land application rates, (iii) the CCE value, the pH, (iv) to follow the stated directions for use, and (v) that for any uses not specified the user should contact the distributor at a listed address or telecommunications number.
D. Distribution information. Distribution information should be maintained by the sludge processing facility owner or holder of a permit for distribution or marketing (distributor) and completed by any single biosolids distributor or user receiving bulk use quantities of marketed or distributed biosolids of more than 50 cubic yards during a period of 24 consecutive hours or less. Copies of this information should be maintained by the sludge processing facility or distributor and be made available upon request by the department. These records should include the following information, as a minimum:
1. Date;
2. Name, address, and phone number of user;
3. Amount of exceptional quality biosolids obtained;
4. Location and property owner where biosolids are being used;
5. Size of area where biosolids are spread;
6. Proximity of site to closest river or water supply source; and
7. Description of site uses.
Only the information listed in subdivisions 1 through 4 of this subsection shall be necessary for submission by a biosolids distributor.
The department reserves the right to prohibit the distribution of bulk use quantities of biosolids when it appears that such distribution is being accomplished in such a manner so as to circumvent the foregoing requirements.
E. Other uses. The use of a nonhazardous sewage sludge product, such as incinerator ash, will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis as provided for by this regulation.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-580. Sludge disposal.
Permits for sludge disposal practices will be issued through other state and federal regulations and are not subject to this regulation. Such practices may include:
1. Incineration. Emission quality control requirements will be established in accordance with state and federal regulations. The generated ash is required to be properly managed in accordance with local, state and federal regulations. Applicable regulatory requirements in addition to this regulation may involve permits issued by the appropriate state and federal agencies. Buffer separation requirements will be established on a site specific basis in accordance with the applicable regulations.
2. Landfill. Management of stabilized sludge suitable for topdressing of completed landfill areas will be subject to state and federal regulations. Codisposal of sludge within municipal solid waste landfills is subject to state and federal regulation. Codisposal requirements have included:
a. Stabilization treatment of sludges.
b. Dewatering of sludges by methods designed to achieve a suspended solids level of 20% or more, or a treated sludge sample passes the paint filter test standards for free water.
c. A nonhazardous declaration from the owner.
3. Lagooning (surface disposal). When these facilities are closed by burying the wastes in place, they may be considered to be surface disposal sites. A closure plan shall be provided to the appropriate agencies.
4. Dedicated sites. The primary purpose of surface disposal sites is to allow frequent long-term sludge application at a single location at amounts that exceed agronomic rates but not for the purpose of reclaiming disturbed soils. Sludge disposal operations on dedicated sites will be subject to local, state and federal regulations including site management practices. Permits will be issued through state and federal regulations to protect public health and the quality of state waters. Any dedicated site may be subject to local zoning requirements and may be recorded as a dedicated site in the appropriate circuit court deed book (Table A-1).
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-590. Standards for agricultural use.
A. Standards for agricultural use of sewage sludge as biosolids have been established such that the concentrations of sludge contaminants released to the environment will not exceed the human health and environmental quality criterion for the relevant exposure pathways.
B. Agricultural use standards involve regulation of the following:
1. Sludge characteristics as determined from sampling and testing as well as control of sewer use.
2. Sludge treatment (stabilization) in relation to process design and operational controls (Table 3).
3. Site management in relation to land application of biosolids for agronomic use, including (i) operational methods, (ii) access restrictions, and (iii) buffer restrictions.
4. Crop management in relation to land application of biosolids and crop rotation, including (i) application rate determinations, and (ii) crop use restrictions.
5. Standards for biosolids characteristics including (i) nutrient concentrations, (ii) heavy metal concentrations, (iii) organic chemical concentrations, and (iv) lime content/pH characteristics.
6. Standards for processing biosolids involving treatment process sequences for (i) pathogen reduction treatment and (ii) reduction of organic matter to minimize odors and reduce vector attraction.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-600. Biosolids characteristics; nutrients; trace elements; organic chemicals.
A. The primary agronomic value of biosolids, the nutrient content, shall be established prior to agricultural use. The applied nitrogen and phosphorous content of biosolids shall be limited to amounts established to support crop growth. Nitrate nitrogen developed as a result of biosolids application shall be controlled in order not to accumulate in groundwater as a pollutant. Thus, the amount of biosolids applied to land shall be restricted based on the nitrogen requirements of the crop grown on the amended site immediately following application (agronomic rate). In addition, soil erosion and site runoff should not result in phosphorous pollution of surface waters as a result of surface application of biosolids. The results of approved groundwater monitoring programs may be utilized to verify frequent application rates.
B. The heavy metal content of biosolids may restrict the application rate below the agronomic rate. However, municipal biosolids would not normally contain excessive heavy metal concentrations unless a significant amount of a high metal content wastewater without pretreatment is routinely discharged into the municipal system. If a biosolid contains heavy metal concentrations below the ceiling values listed in Table 7, or is processed and evaluated as exceptional quality biosolids, the application rate for agricultural use shall be unrestricted up to the agronomic rate for infrequent applications. The accumulated amount of trace elements can restrict the application rate for frequent applications of biosolids.
C. Municipal biosolids can contain synthetic organic chemicals from industrial wastewater contributions and disposal of household chemicals and pesticides. Municipal biosolids typically contain very low levels of these compounds; however, biosolids may be required to be tested for certain toxic organic compounds prior to agricultural use (Table 12). If performed and validated, these test results shall be utilized to evaluate the maximum allowable annual loading rate for the tested biosolids. If analytical test results verify that biosolids contains levels of organic chemicals exceeding concentration limits incorporated in federal regulations or standards, appropriate restrictions shall be imposed for agricultural use of that biosolid.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-610. Biosolids treatment.
A. Stabilization. Biosolids treatment processes are primarily designed to increase the solids content of the biosolids by separation and removal of liquid and are designed to stabilize the solid fraction through biochemical conversions that inactivate pathogens and reduce vector attraction characteristics and the potential for odor production. Such treatment should be designed to improve the characteristics of the biosolids for a particular use/disposal practice, increase the economic viability of using a particular practice and reduce the potential for public health, environmental and nuisance problems.
B. Class I treatment. Class I treatment may be achieved by process sequences to further reduce (PFRP) or eliminate pathogens, i.e., Class A pathogen control. Class I treatment methods reduce all pathogens potentially contained in biosolids or septage to a level below specified limits (Table 3). Class A microbiological standards and an acceptable solids content shall be achieved at the time biosolids are used or prepared for distribution or marketing in accordance with the appropriate management practices specified in this regulation. Class I treatment processes should include one or more of the following operations:
1. Heat treatment. The temperature of the biosolids that is used or disposed is maintained at a specific value for a specified period of time:
a. When the percent solids of the biosolids is 7.0% or higher, the temperature of the biosolids shall be 50°C or higher; the time period shall be 20 minutes or longer; and the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation B-1, except when small particles of biosolids are heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid.
Equation B-1: D1 = (131,700,000)/ 10(exp 0.1400(t))
Where,
D1 = time in days that biosolids temperature is t or more
t = Biosolids temperature in degrees Celsius (°C).
exp = exponent or power that Base 10 is raised to.
b. When the percent solids of the biosolids is 7.0% or higher and small particles of biosolids are heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid, the temperature of the biosolids shall be 50°C or higher; the time period shall be 15 seconds or longer; and the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation B-1.
c. When the percent solids of the biosolids is less than 7.0% and the time period is at least 15 seconds, but less than 30 minutes, the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation B-1.
d. When the percent solids of the biosolids is less than 7.0% the temperature of the biosolids is 50°C or higher; and time period is 30 minutes or longer, the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation B-2.
Equation B-2: D2 = (50,070,000)/ 10(exp 0.1400(t))
Where,
D2 = time in days that biosolids temperature is t or more
t = Biosolids temperature in degrees Celsius (°C).
e. The temperature of the biosolids is maintained at 70°C or higher for a time period of 30 minutes or longer (Pasteurization).
2. Heat drying. A process wherein dewatered biosolids cake is dried by direct or indirect contact with hot gases and the biosolids moisture content is reduced to 10% or lower. Direct drying is achieved when the biosolids particles reach temperatures of 80°C or higher. Indirect drying may involve the temperature of the gas stream measured at the point where the gas stream leaves the dryer. Indirect drying may be achieved when the wetbulb temperature of the gas stream leaving the dryer is in excess of 80°C or the biosolids particles reach temperatures of 80°C or higher.
3. Thermophilic composting. A process using the within-vessel composting method that maintains a treated biosolids temperature of 55°C or greater for three days. A process using the static aerated pile composting method that maintains a treated biosolids temperature of 55°C or greater for three days. A process using the windrow composting method that maintains a treated biosolids temperature at 55°C or greater for at least 15 days during the composting period, and during the indicated high temperature period, there is a minimum of five turnings of the windrow. Operating temperatures are measured at the depth of 30 cm from the surface of the compost mixture. As thermophilic composting processes are less efficient in destroying pathogens than other disinfection processes an additional storage of processed compost up to 30 days or more may be necessary to achieve an adequate level of vector attraction reduction as verified by testing prior to final disposition (Table 3).
4. Thermophilic aerobic digestion. Liquid biosolids consisting of 50% or more waste biological liquid by dry weight, is agitated with air or oxygen to maintain one mg/l or more dissolved oxygen at mid-depth, during a mean cell residence time of 10 days or more at 55°C or more.
5. Alkaline (PFRP) stabilization. Thorough blending of an alkaline additive to digested biosolids in sufficient quantities to produce a mixture pH of 12 or more for a period of 72 hours or more with one of the following: (i) mixture temperature of 55°C for a minimum period of 12 hours, or (ii) mixture temperature of 70°C or more for a minimum period of 30 minutes or more. Such treatment may be followed by storage for an acceptable period of time to dry the mixture to an adequate dry solids content. Alkaline addition to undigested biosolids will be considered on a case-by-case basis with extensive monitoring used to verify the level of pathogen control achieved.
6. Chlorine oxidation. A process of introducing high doses of chlorine (1,000 mg/l to 3,000 mg/l) into the biosolids stream under low pressure (30 psig or more) producing a biosolids pH of four or less in order to achieve Class A microbiological standards (Table 3), followed by acceptable drying to achieve a suspended solids content of 30% or more.
7. Alternative equivalent stabilization processes. The process operating parameters for alternative equivalent stabilization processes (PFRP) should be addressed, case-by-case, based on department evaluation of the results of adequate monitoring and testing programs (Table 3), with input from the USEPA staff, i.e., the Pathogen Equivalency Committee.
C. Class II treatment. Class II treatment may be achieved by process sequences to significantly reduce pathogens (PSRP), i.e., Class B pathogen control. Class II treatment methods reduce bacteria (fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, enterococci) found in the treated biosolids or septage 1 logs or more (32 fold) below the densities found in the raw biosolids to achieve a density of (6.3 log10 per gram of total solids or less (Table 3)). Class B microbiological standards shall be achieved at the time the biosolids are removed and transported for land application in accordance with the management practices specified. Class II treatment processes may include one or more of the following operations:
1. Anaerobic digestion. A process whereby biosolids are maintained in an anaerobic environment for a mean cell residences period ranging from 60 days at 20°C to 15 days at 35°C.
2. Aerobic digestion. A process of agitating biosolids with air or oxygen to maintain aerobic conditions for a mean cell residence period ranging from 60 days at 15°C to 40 days at 20°C.
3. Low-temperature composting. A process using the within-vessel, aerated static pile or windrow composting methods, whereby the temperature of treated biosolids is maintained at a minimum of 40°C for five days. For four hours during this period the operating temperature of the treated biosolids exceeds 55°C. Additional storage of processed compost for 30 days or more may be necessary to provide the necessary level of vector attraction reduction prior to final disposition.
4. Alkaline (PSRP) stabilization. A process where sufficient alkaline additive is blended with unstabilized biosolids to produce a minimum mixture pH of 12 after two hours of contact and a pH of 11.5 or more for 22 additional hours or more, with storage for a period sufficient to produce an acceptable dry solids content as necessary for the method of final disposition.
5. Air drying. Biosolids treated by methods similar to those listed above, but not meeting Class II treatment standards are dried on sand beds or in basins with underdrains for a minimum period of three months, during which time the ambient daily temperature exceeds 0°C and dried biosolids are produced.
D. Additional treatment methods to provide disinfection of treated biosolids. Pathogen treatment processes may be enhanced by providing additional treatment methods to eliminate parasitic worms and ova (EH process sequence). Any of the processes listed below, if added to stabilization processes described previously, will further lower pathogens. Because these processes when used alone do not reduce nuisance odors and the attraction of vectors, they are considered to be supplementary to typical stabilization and pathogen treatment processes.
1. Beta ray irradiation. A process involving the irradiation of biosolids with beta rays at dosages of at least one megarad at 20°C.
2. Gamma ray irradiation. A process involving the irradiation of biosolids with gamma rays from certain isotopes, such as 60Cobalt and 137Cesium, at dosages of at least 1.0 megarad at 20°C.
E. Vector attraction reduction parameters. One of the appropriate vector attraction reduction requirements shall be achieved and Class A or B pathogen control obtained when bulk biosolids are applied to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, reclamation site, lawn or home gardens. One of the appropriate vector attraction reduction requirements shall be met when Class A biosolids are sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land. The following operational methods will achieve the necessary vector attraction reduction requirements:
1. The mass of volatile solids in the biosolids shall be reduced by a minimum of 38% (see calculation procedures in "Environmental Regulations and Technology-Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Biosolids," EPA-625/R-92/013, 1992, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268).
2. When the 38% volatile solids reduction cannot be met for an anaerobically digested biosolid, vector attraction reduction can be demonstrated by digesting a portion of the originally digested biosolids anaerobically in the laboratory in a bench-scale unit for 40 additional days at a temperature between 30°C and 37°C. When at the end of the 40 days, the volatile solids in the biosolids at the beginning of that period is reduced by less than 17%, adequate vector attraction reduction is considered demonstrated for the originally digested biosolids.
3. When the 38% volatile solids reduction requirement cannot be met for an aerobically digested biosolid, vector attraction reduction can be demonstrated by digesting a portion of the originally digested biosolids that has a percent solids of 2.0% or less aerobically in the laboratory in a bench-scale unit for 30 additional days at 20°C. When at the end of the 30 days, the volatile solids in the biosolids at the beginning of that period is reduced by less than 15%, adequate vector attraction reduction is considered demonstrated for the originally digested biosolids.
4. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) for biosolids treated in a Class II or better aerobic process shall be equal to or less than 1.5 milligrams of oxygen per hour per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) at a temperature of 20°C.
5. Biosolids shall be treated in a Class II or better aerobic process for 14 days or longer. During that time, the temperature of the biosolids shall be higher than 40°C and the average temperature of the biosolids shall be higher than 45°C.
6. The pH of treated biosolids shall be raised to 12 or higher by alkaline addition and, without the addition of more alkaline material, shall remain at 12 or higher for two hours and then at 11.5 or higher for an additional 22 hours. Alkaline stabilization of untreated biosolids shall be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
7. The percent solids of treated biosolids that does not contain unstabilized solids generated in a primary wastewater treatment process shall be equal to or greater than 75% based on the moisture content and total solids prior to mixing with other materials.
8. The percent solids of treated biosolids that contains unstabilized solids generated in a primary wastewater treatment process shall be equal to or greater than 90% based on the moisture content and total solids prior to mixing with other materials.
9. For biosolids that are surface applied and incorporated, or injected, below the surface of the land:
a. No significant amount of the biosolids shall be present on the land surface within one hour after the biosolids are injected.
b. When the biosolids that are injected below the surface of the land are Class A with respect to pathogens, the biosolids shall be injected below the land surface within eight hours after being discharged from the pathogen treatment process.
c. Biosolids applied to the land surface shall be incorporated into the soil within six hours after application to or placement on the land.
d. When biosolids that are incorporated into the soil are Class A with respect to pathogens, the biosolids shall be applied to or placed on the land within eight hours after being discharged from the pathogen treatment process.
10. The pH of untreated domestic septage applied to land shall be raised to 12 or higher by alkaline addition and, without the addition of more alkaline material, shall remain at 12 or higher for 30 minutes prior to application.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-620. Site access time restrictions.
A. Unrestricted access (UA). Biosolids that have undergone Class I treatment to achieve Class A pathogen control may be applied or incorporated into the soil of agricultural lands and immediate public access is permitted. A waiting period is required up to 30 days following application (to allow adhering biosolids to be washed from the foliar portion of the plants by precipitation). This waiting period is required before (i) crops are harvested for human consumption, or (ii) domestic animals are allowed to graze on the site.
B. Restricted access (RA). Following application or incorporation of biosolids that have undergone Class II treatment to achieve Class B pathogen control public access and crop management shall be restricted as follows: (i) access to any site with a high potential for contact with the ground surface (public use) by the general public shall be controlled for a minimum time period of one year, (ii) access to agricultural sites and other sites with a low potential for public exposure shall be controlled for 30 days, (iii) food crops with harvested parts that touch the biosolids/soil mixture and are not totally above the land surface shall not be harvested for 14 months, (iv) food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land shall not be harvested for 20 months following application, when the biosolids remain on the land surface for four months or longer prior to incorporation into the soil, (v) food crops with subsurface harvested parts shall not be harvested for 38 months following application, when the biosolids remain on the land surface less than four months prior to incorporation, (vi) feeding of harvested crops to animals shall not take place for a total of one month following surface application (two months for lactating dairy livestock), (vii) grazing by animals whose products will or will not be consumed by humans is prevented for at least 30 days (60 days for lactating dairy livestock), and (viii) harvesting turf grass for placement on land with a high potential for public exposure or a lawn is prevented for 12 months.
C. Modified Access (MA). If a biosolids processing sequence is used to treat PSRP or PSLP biosolids that eliminates or inactivates helminth eggs (EH), public use access restrictions are reduced to six and eight months respectively, which shall include two summer months. A summary listing of access restrictions is presented in Table 9.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-630. Biosolids management for nitrogen loading.
A. Crop uptake guidelines. 9VAC25-32-560 B 3 states that application rates shall be approved by the board and that nitrogenous substances are often the limiting factoring determining these application rates. The applicant is responsible for providing site specific biosolids loading rates on a field-by-field basis. In cases where nitrogen is the rate limiting constituent, such rates may be justified by determining the predominant soil type in a field and then correlating the appropriate soil productivity group and nitrogen requirement for the proposed crop. Soil test recommendations developed through the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University or the Virginia Water Conservation, Department of Conservation and Recreation may be used for such purposes. Table 10 summarizes the correlation between nitrogen requirement and productivity class for several crops grown and harvested in Virginia. The applicant may also justify site-specific loading rates by documenting historic crop yield records (average of three highest yields in five years of record) or by written verifications from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, the Cooperative Extension Service or Department of Conservation and Recreation Nutrient Management Specialist. Written verification shall accompany a request for higher yield goals than those posted in Table 10.
B. Application rate calculations. For biosolids application, a nitrogen balance must be evaluated to determine the acceptable loading rate. For frequent biosolids application, the evaluation will require an assessment of biosolids mineralization rates for organic nitrogen present in the biosolids for the year it is applied as well as residual organic nitrogen that will be mineralized from previous years'' biosolids application. Table 11 summarizes acceptable organic nitrogen mineralization rates and ammonia volatilization rates for various types of biosolids and should be used in computing acceptable nitrogen loading rates unless information is provided to justify other rates. The nitrogen application rate on sites registered in the conservation reserve plan should be established in accordance with those land use restrictions. The application rates for treated septage shall be developed using equation 1 contained in Table 12-B.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-640. Maximum application rates for trace elements.
The maximum cumulative application of cadmium and other biosolids borne trace elements to soils used for crop production is summarized in Table 8. Parameters other than those listed in Tables 8, 9 and 14 can be used to evaluate the application rate of biosolids in accordance with current EPA technical regulations. Exceptional quality biosolids applied to lawns or home gardens in residential areas shall be of such quality so as to conform with the pollutant levels specified in Table 7-B.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-650. Maximum application rates for high lime biosolids.
Application rates for alkaline stabilized biosolids may be restricted in accordance with the soil pH buffer capacity, as determined by commercial and state soil testing laboratories. The application of biosolids will affect soil pH. Unless properly controlled, high rates of calcium carbonate equivalence (i.e., CCE, which is a factor that relates the liming potential of biosolids to calcium carbonate limestone) application can have an adverse effect on crop productivity by increasing the soil pH beyond the range optimum for maximum crop production. Agricultural use of biosolids with high CCE content should be controlled to correspond with current agricultural liming practices. Calcium carbonate equivalent loadings should not exceed rates designed to attain soil pH values in the plow layer above 6.5 for soils located in the coastal plain and above 6.8 for soils located in other areas of the state.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-660. Maximum application rates for biosolids.
If soils exhibit very high soil test phosphorus of 55 or more parts per million phosphorus (Mehlich I analytical test procedure or equivalent procedure approved by the Department of Conservation and Recreation), the maximum application rates for phosphorus contained in biosolids together with phosphorus contained in other applied nutrient sources to the site and all applicable phosphorus management practices shall be consistent with the nutrient management plan.
A. RECOMMENDED CEILING LIMITS FOR THE TRACE ELEMENT CONTENT OF BIOSOLIDS ACCEPTABLE FOR LAND APPLICATION |
|
TRACE ELEMENT |
CONCENTRATION IN MILLIGRAMS PER KILOGRAMS (DRY WEIGHT) |
Arsenic |
75 |
Cadmium |
85 |
Copper |
4300 |
Lead |
840 |
Mercury |
57 |
Molybdenum |
75 |
Nickel |
420 |
Selenium |
100 |
Zinc |
7500 |
B. MAXIMUM MONTHLY AVERAGE TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS FOR APPLICATION OF EXCEPTIONAL QUALITY BIOSOLIDS TO LAWNS OR HOME GARDENS IN RESIDENTIAL LOCATIONS |
|
TRACE ELEMENT |
CONCENTRATION IN MILLIGRAMS PER KILOGRAMS (DRY WEIGHT) |
Arsenic (1) |
41 |
Cadmium |
39 |
Copper |
1500 |
Lead |
300 |
Mercury |
17 |
Molybdenum (1) |
|
Nickel |
420 |
Selenium |
100 |
Zinc |
2800 |
Note: (1)The monthly average concentration is currently under study by USEPA. |
TABLE 8 MAXIMUM CUMULATIVE APPLICATION OF BIOSOLIDS TRACE ELEMENTS THAT CAN BE APPLIED TO SOILS USED FOR CROP PRODUCTION(1) |
||
TRACE ELEMENT |
Kg/ha |
(lbs/AC) |
Arsenic (2) |
41 |
(36) |
Cadmium |
39 |
(35) |
Copper |
1,500 |
(1,340) |
Lead |
300 |
(270) |
Mercury |
17 |
(16) |
Molybdenum (2) |
|
|
Nickel |
420 |
(375) |
Selenium |
100 |
(89) |
Zinc |
2,800 |
(2,500) |
Notes: (1)Such total applications to be made on soils with the biosolids/soil mixture pH adjusted to 6.0 or greater if the biosolids cadmium content is greater than or equal to 21 mg/kg. The maximum cumulative application rate is limited for all ranges of cation exchange capacity due to soil background pH in Virginia of less than 6.5 and lack of regulatory controls of soil pH adjustment after biosolids application ceases. (2)The maximum cumulative application is currently under study by USEPA. |
TABLE 9 COMPARISONS OF TIME RESTRICTIONS FOLLOWING COMPLETION OF BIOSOLIDS APPLICATION ASSOCIATED WITH CLASS II TREATMENT LEVELS |
||
Type of Application |
Surface(1) |
Incorporated(2) |
Control of Access for Public Use(3) |
12 Months |
12 Months |
Time lapse required before above ground food crops with harvested parts that touch the biosolids/soil mixture can be harvested. |
14 Months |
14 Months |
Time lapse before food crops with harvested parts below the land surface can be harvested |
20 Months |
38 Months |
Harvesting food crops, feed crops and fiber crops |
1 Month |
1 Month |
Grazing and feeding harvested crops to animals whose products are consumed by humans(4) |
1 Month |
1 Month |
Grazing of farm animals whose products are not consumed by humans |
1 Month |
1 Month |
Harvesting turf for placement on land with a high potential for public exposure or a lawn(5) |
12 Months |
12 Months |
Notes: (1)Remains on land surface for four months or longer prior to incorporation. (2)Remains on land surface for less than four months prior to incorporation. (3)Public access to agricultural sites and other sites with a low potential for direct contact with the ground surface shall be controlled for 30 days. (4)The restriction for lactating dairy cows is two months. (5)This time restriction must be met unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority. |
TABLE 10 NITROGEN REQUIREMENTS FOR AGRONOMIC RATES |
|||||||||||||||||||||
A. RECOMMENDED PLANT AVAILABLE NITROGEN (PAN) APPLICATION RATES IN POUNDS OF NITROGEN (N) PER ACRE FOR VARIOUS NONIRRIGATED CROPS GROWN ON SOILS RECEIVING INFREQUENT BIOSOLIDS APPLICATIONS(1) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Soil Productivity Group |
||||||||||||||||||||
I |
II |
III |
IV |
V |
|||||||||||||||||
A |
B |
A |
B |
A |
B |
A |
B |
|
|||||||||||||
Crop |
lbs N/acre |
||||||||||||||||||||
Corn grain |
180 |
170 |
160 |
150 |
140 |
130 |
120 |
100 |
80 |
||||||||||||
Corn silage |
200 |
185 |
175 |
165 |
155 |
145 |
130 |
110 |
90 |
||||||||||||
Grain sorghum |
140 |
130 |
120 |
110 |
100 |
90 |
90 |
80 |
|||||||||||||
Full season Soybeans (2) |
160 to 180 |
150 to 170 |
140 to 160 |
130 to 150 |
120 to 140 |
110 to 130 |
100 to 120 |
85 to 105 |
65 to 85 |
||||||||||||
Canola (3) |
100 |
90 |
80 |
60 |
60 |
||||||||||||||||
Wheat |
100 |
90 |
80 |
60 |
60 |
||||||||||||||||
Barley |
90 |
80 |
80 |
60 |
60 |
||||||||||||||||
Rye |
75 |
75 |
75 |
75 |
75 |
||||||||||||||||
Oats |
80 |
80 |
80 |
60 |
60 |
||||||||||||||||
Tallgrass hay (4) |
250 |
250 |
200 |
160 |
160 |
||||||||||||||||
Bermudagrass hay |
240 - 300 |
240 - 300 |
210 - 260 |
210 - 260 |
210 - 260 |
||||||||||||||||
Pasture Fescue/Orchardgrass (5) |
120 |
120 |
100 |
80 |
80 |
||||||||||||||||
Bermudagrass pasture (7) |
175 - 225 |
175 - 225 |
120 - 180 |
120 - 180 |
120 - 180 |
||||||||||||||||
Alfalfa (7) |
300 |
300 |
210 |
150 |
150 |
||||||||||||||||
Sudangrass, sudan-sorghum, millet (6) |
70 |
70 |
70 |
70 |
70 |
||||||||||||||||
Stockpiled tall fescue (summer application by August 15) |
60 - 100 |
60 - 100 |
50 - 80 |
50 - 80 |
50 -80 |
||||||||||||||||
Notes: (1)For proposed use of crops or PAN rates (lbs/A) not included in the following tables, adequate yield and PAN Data are to be submitted in accordance with Article 4 (9VAC25-32-670 et seq.) of this part. (2)For doublecrop or late beans planted after 6/21 (of any year) allowable PAN rates are the lowest of the listed values, as rounded to nearest factor of 10. (3)For fall application rate may sidedress up to 60 lbs fertilizer N/acre in late February before spring growth begins. (4)Apply listed PAN rate when application occurs between 3/1 and 9/30 in any year and apply only one-half of listed PAN rates if application will occur between 10/1 of any year and 2/28 of the following year, with remaining PAN applied after 3/1 of that following year. (5)For frequent applications apply 60 lbs PAN/acre per year. Following infrequent application rate, subsequent frequent applications should be adjusted on a case-by-case basis, accounting for residual from other wastes and crops (Part IV, Table A-2). (6)Sudangrass, sudan-sorghum and pearl millet may receive a PAN rate of 120 lbs/A if the application occurs between 3/1 and 6/1 of any year and two cuttings are to be made, weather permitting. For Foxtail or German Millet, cut only once, application will be limited to a PAN rate of 70 LBS/A. (7) From 7/1 through 9/14, applications to Bermuda grass hay or alfalfa shall only be applied at 50% of the listed rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||
B. ESTIMATED YIELDS IN BUSHELS (bu) OR TONS (T) PER ACRE (A) OF VARIOUS NONIRRIGATED CROPS FOR IDENTIFIED SOIL PRODUCTIVITY GROUPS |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Crop |
I |
II |
III |
IV |
V |
||||||||||||||||
A |
B |
A |
B |
A |
B |
A |
B |
|
|||||||||||||
Corn Grain (bu/A) |
180 |
170 |
160 |
150 |
140 |
130 |
120 |
100 |
80 |
||||||||||||
Grain Sorghum (bu/A) |
140 |
130 |
120 |
110 |
100 |
90 |
90 |
80 |
|||||||||||||
Soybeans (bu/A) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Canola(9) |
UNDETERMINED AT THIS TIME |
||||||||||||||||||||
Wheat (bu/A) |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Barley (bu/A) |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Oats |
80 |
80 |
80 |
60 |
60 |
||||||||||||||||
Tallgrass hay (T/A) |
>4.0 |
3.5 - 4.0 |
3.5 - 4.0 |
3.0 -3.5 |
<3.0 |
<3.0 |
|||||||||||||||
Bermudagrass hay (T/A) |
>6.0 |
5.0 - 6.0 |
4.0 -5.0 |
3.0 - 4.0 |
<3.0 |
||||||||||||||||
Alfalfa (T/A) |
>6.0 |
4.0 - 6.0 |
<4.0 |
<4.0 |
<4.0 |
||||||||||||||||
Notes: (8)Late season beans would be planted on or after 6/21 of that year. (9)Sufficient yield data not currently available. |
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C. RESIDUAL PLANT AVAILABLE NITROGEN (PAN) REMAINING FROM GROWTH OF VARIOUS LEGUMES DURING THE PREVIOUS YEAR (10) |
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Crop |
%Stand |
Yield Description |
Residual Pan (lbs/A) |
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Alfalfa |
50-75 |
Good (>4T/A) |
90 |
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25-49 |
Fair (3-4T/A) |
70 |
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|
<25 |
Poor (<3T/A) |
50 |
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Red Clover |
>50 |
Good (>3T/A) |
80 |
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|
25-49 |
Fair (2-3T/A) |
60 |
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<25 |
Poor (<2T/A) |
40 |
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Hairy Vetch |
80-100 |
Good |
100 |
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50-79 |
Fair |
75 |
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<50 |
Poor |
50 |
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Peanuts |
45 |
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Soybeans |
20(11) |
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Notes: (10)The residual PAN values must be subtracted from the PAN values listed in Table A of this section to determine biosolids application rates following growth of legume crops the previous year. (11)Where yield data is available utilize 0.5 pounds per bushel. |
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TABLE 11 A. ESTIMATED NITROGEN MINERALIZATION RATES FOR BIOSOLIDS |
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Application Year(1) |
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Biosolids Type |
0-1 |
1-2 |
2-3 |
3-4 |
||
Lime Stabilized |
0.30 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.05 |
||
Aerobic digestion |
0.30 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.05 |
||
Anaerobic digestion |
0.30 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.05 |
||
Composted(2) |
0.10 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
0.00 |
||
Notes: (1)To determine nitrogen available from previous biosolids applications, multiply the initial organic nitrogen analysis by the appropriate mineralization factor. (2)Total organic nitrogen content of 2.0% or less and no significant ammonia nitrogen. |
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B. ESTIMATED BIOSOLIDS AMMONIA NITROGEN AVAILABILITY FACTORS BASED ON EXPECTED VIOLATILIZATION RATES FOR BIOSOLIDS |
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|
Availability Factor(1) |
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Method of Application |
Biosolids pH Less than 10 |
Biosolids pH Greater than 10 |
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Injection below surface |
1.0 |
1.0 |
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Surface application with/ |
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--Incorporation within 24 hours |
0.85 |
0.75 |
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--Incorporation within 1-7 days |
0.70 |
0.50 |
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--Incorporation after 7 days |
0.50 |
0.25 |
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(1)To determine the plant-available biosolids ammonium nitrogen in the soil, multiply the biosolids ammonium nitrogen concentration or total weight applied by the appropriate availability factor. |
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TABLE 12 A. ORGANIC CHEMICAL TESTING THAT MAY BE REQUIRED TO IDENTIFY AN EXCEPTIONAL QUALITY BIOSOLIDS |
Organic Chemicals Aldrin/dieldrin (total) Benzo (a) pyrene Chlordane DDT/DDE/DDD (total) (1) Dimethyl nitrosamine Heptachlor Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Lindane Polychlorinated biphenols Toxaphene Trichloroethylene (1)Note: DDT 2,2--Bis (chlorophenyl)--1,1,1--Trichloroethane DDE 1,1--Bis (chlorophenyl)--2,2--Dichloroethane DDD 1,1--Bis (chlorophenyl)--2,2--Dichloroethane |
B. THE RECOMMENDED APPLICATION RATE FOR DOMESTIC SEPTAGE APPLIED TO AGRICULTURAL LAND, FOREST, OR A RECLAMATION SITE SHALL NOT EXCEED THE ANNUAL APPLICATION RATE CALCULATED USING THE FOLLOWING EQUATION: |
AAR = N/(0.0026) Where: AAR = Annual application rate in gallons per acre per 365-day period. N = Amount of nitrogen in pounds per acre per 305-day period needed by the crop or vegetation grown on the land. |
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
Article 4
Permit Application Information for Biosolids Use
9VAC25-32-670. Minimum information required for a management practices plan utilizing land application.
A. General information.
1. Legal Name and Address: The legal name of the owner making application for a permit is to appear on the title page or in the opening paragraph or both. Both the mailing and physical address should be included.
2. Owner Contact: The name, title, address, and telephone number of the individual to be contacted regarding this application should be furnished.
3. A general description of the proposed plan including name and location of generators and owners involved and copies of agreements developed, biosolids quality, biosolids treatment and handling processes, means of biosolids transport or conveyance, location and volume of storage proposed, general location of sites proposed for application and methods of biosolids application proposed. A description of temporary storage methods should be provided.
4. Written permission of landowners and farmers on a form approved by the board and pertinent lease agreements as may be necessary for operation of the treatment works.
5. Methods for notification of local government and obtaining compliance with local government zoning and applicable ordinances.
6. A copy of a letter of approval of the nutrient management plan for the operation from the Department of Conservation and Recreation if required in 9VAC25-32-680 A 3.
B. Design information.
1. Biosolids characterization.
a. Amounts and volumes to be handled.
b. Biosolids laboratory analytical data of a representative number of samples of biosolids in accordance with the guideline specified in accordance with Tables 2 and 3. Statement that the biosolids is nonhazardous, documentation statement for treatment and quality and description of how treated biosolids meets other standards in accordance with this regulation.
2. Plans and specifications for storage facilities of all biosolids to be handled, including routine and emergency storage, shall be submitted for the issuance of a certificate to construct and a certificate to operate in accordance with the Sewage Collection and Treatment Regulations (9VAC25-790) and shall depict the following information:
a. Site layout on a recent 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle or other appropriate scaled map with the following information.
(1) Location of any required soil, geologic and hydrologic test holes or borings will be submitted.
(2) Location of the following field features within 0.25 miles of the site boundary (indicate on map) with the approximate distances from the site boundary.
(a) Water wells (operating or abandoned).
(b) Surface waters.
(c) Springs.
(d) Public water supplies.
(e) Sinkholes.
(f) Underground and/or surface mines.
(g) Mine pool (or other) surface water discharge points.
(h) Mining spoil piles and mine dumps.
(i) Quarries.
(j) Sand and gravel pits.
(k) Gas and oil wells.
(l) Diversion ditches.
(m) Occupied dwellings, including industrial and commercial establishments.
(n) Landfills - dumps.
(o) Other unlined impoundments.
(p) Septic tanks and drainfields.
(q) Injection wells.
b. Topographic map (10-foot contour preferred) of sufficient detail to clearly show the following information:
(1) Maximum and minimum percent slopes.
(2) Depressions on the site that may collect water.
(3) Drainageways that may attribute to rainfall run-on to or runoff from this site.
(4) Portions of the site (if any) that are located within the 100-year floodplain.
c. Data and specifications for the liner proposed for seepage control.
d. Scaled plan view and cross-sectional view of the facilities showing inside and outside slopes of all embankments and details of all appurtenances.
e. Calculations justifying impoundment capacity.
f. Groundwater monitoring plans for the facilities including pertinent geohydrological data to justify upgradient and downgradient well location and depth.
3. Generic plans for on-site temporary storage.
4. A legible topographic map of proposed application areas to scale as needed to depict the following features:
a. Property boundaries.
b. Surface water courses.
c. Water supply wells and springs.
d. Roadways.
e. Rock outcrops.
f. Slopes.
g. Frequently flooded areas (SCS designation).
The map shall also show the acreage to be amended with biosolids together with the net acres for biosolids application computed.
5. County map or other map of sufficient detail to show general location of the site and proposed transport vehicle haul routes to be utilized from the treatment plant.
6. A USDA soil survey map, if available, of proposed sites for land application of biosolids.
7. Representative soil samples are to be collected to address each major soil types for each field and analyzed for the soil parameters indicated in accordance with Table 5, and test results should be submitted with the management practices plan.
8. For projects utilizing frequent application of biosolids the following additional site information will be necessary.
a. Information specified (subdivisions 2 a and 4 of this subsection),
b. Representative soil borings and test pits to a depth of five feet or to bedrock if shallower, are to be coordinated for each major soil type and the following tests performed and data collected.
(1) Soil type.
(2) Soil texture for each horizon (USDA classification).
(3) Soil color for each horizon.
(4) Depth from surface to mottling and bedrock if less than two feet.
(5) Depth from surface to subsoil restrictive layer.
(6) Indicated infiltration rate (surface soil).
(7) Indicated permeability of subsoil restrictive layer.
c. Additional soil testing in accordance with Table 5.
d. Groundwater monitoring plans for the land treatment area including pertinent geohydrologic data to justify upgradient and downgradient well location and depth.
9. Description of agricultural practices including a list of proposed crops to be grown, their respective anticipated yield, planting and harvesting schedules, proposed biosolids application rates on a field-by-field basis and how biosolids application will be integrated with these schedules.
10. Pertinent calculations justifying storage and land area requirements for biosolids application including an annual biosolids balance incorporating such factors as precipitation, evapotransporation, soil percolation rates, wastewater loading, monthly storage (input and drawdown).
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-680. Minimum site specific information required for a management practices plan.
A. Site management plans.
1. A comprehensive, general description of the operation shall be provided, including biosolids source(s), quantities, flow diagram illustrating treatment works biosolids flows and solids handling units, site description, methodology of biosolids handling for application periods, including storage and nonapplication period storage, and alternative management methods when storage is not provided.
2. A nutrient management plan prepared by a person who is certified as a nutrient management planner by the Department of Conservation and Recreation shall be developed for all application sites prior to biosolids application. Copies of the nutrient management plan shall be provided to the farmer operator of the site, the Department of Conservation and Recreation regional office and the chief executive officer or designee for the local government, unless they request in writing not to receive the nutrient management plan.
3. A nutrient management plan approved by the Department of Conservation and Recreation shall be required for application sites prior to board authorization under specific conditions, including but not limited to, sites operated by an owner or lessee of a confined animal feeding operation, as defined in subsection A of §62.1-44.17.1 of the Code of Virginia, or confined poultry feeding operation, as defined in subsection A of §62.1-44.17.1.1 of the Code of Virginia; sites where land application more frequently than once every three years at greater than 50% of the annual agronomic rate is proposed, and other sites based on site-specific conditions that increase the risk that land application may adversely impact state waters.
4. All nutrient management plans shall account for all sources of nutrients to be applied to the site and include at a minimum the following information: (i) a site map indicating the location of any waste storage facilities and the fields where biosolids or animal waste will be applied, (ii) site evaluation and assessment of soil types and potential productivities, (iii) nutrient management sampling including soil monitoring, (iv) biosolids or animal waste application rates based on the overall nutrient requirements of the proposed crop and soil monitoring results, and (v) biosolids and other nutrient source application schedules and land area requirements.
B. Biosolids transport.
1. Description and specifications on the bed or the tank vehicle.
2. Haul routes to be used from the biosolids generator to the storage unit and land application sites.
3. Procedures for biosolids offloading at the biosolids facilities and the land application site together with spill prevention, cleanup, (including vehicle cleaning), field reclamation and emergency spill notification and cleanup measures.
4. Voucher system used for documentation and recordkeeping.
C. Field operations.
1. Storage.
a. Routine storage - supernatant handling and disposal, biosolids handling, and loading of transport vehicles, equipment cleaning, freeboard maintenance, inspections for structural integrity.
b. Emergency storage - procedures for department/board approval and implementation.
c. Temporary or field storage - procedures to be followed including either designated site locations provided in the "Design Information" or the specific site criteria for such locations including the liner/cover requirements and the time limit assigned to such use.
d. Field reclamation of offloading (staging) areas.
2. Application methodology.
a. Description and specifications on spreader vehicles.
b. Procedures for calibrating equipment for various biosolids contents to ensure uniform distribution and appropriate loading rates on a day-to-day basis.
c. Procedures used to ensure that operations address the following constraints: application of biosolids to frozen ground, pasture/hay fields, crops for direct human consumption and saturated or ice/snow covered ground; maintenance buffer zones, slopes, prohibited access for beef and dairy animals, soil pH requirements, and proper site specific biosolids loading rates on a field-by-field basis.
TABLE A-1
SLUDGE DISPOSAL SITE DEDICATION
.........., a Virginia Corporation, does dedicate that tract or parcel of real estate situated, lying and being in.......... County, Virginia, more particularly described by deeded and plat of survey of record in Deed Book......, pages.....,.....,....., and....., of the Clerk''s Office of the Circuit Court of.......... County, Virginia, and being the identical real estate that said corporation acquired by grant with General Warranty of Title and Modern English Covenants from........... Said dedication being to establish the aforesaid area for the disposal of sewage sludge only, and that said sludge disposal site will not be used for human habitation, grazing land for domestic animals or for agricultural purposes, and will not be accessible to the public. The full interest and control of the foresaid area dedicated shall remain with the........... and this instrument is solely for the purpose of assuring the Department of Health and the Water Control Board of the Commonwealth of Virginia as to the matters hereinabove set forth. WITNESS the following signatures and seal this.... day of..........., 19....
BY:........... ATTEST:...........
State of...........
County of...........
The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this....... day of...., 19...., by........... of........... a........... corporation, on behalf of the corporation...........
Notary Public
My Commission Expires...........
............
For use of Clerk of Court
This Sludge Disposal Site Dedication Document, as described above, was recorded in Deed Book..... page... on the..... day of....., 19....
SIGNED:........... of the........... Circuit Clerks Office
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
Article 5
Certification of Land Applicators
9VAC25-32-690. Certificate requirements for land applicators.
A. No person shall land apply biosolids pursuant to a permit issued in accordance with this regulation unless an individual holding a valid certificate of competence as specified in this regulation (certified land applicator) is onsite at all times during such land application. Certified land applicators may be considered to be onsite if they are at the site permitted for land application and, if it is necessary to leave the site, they are available within 30 minutes to return to the site to verify and ensure that land application of biosolids is in compliance with the issued permit. Certified land applicators shall possess the site-specific permit information necessary to conduct land application on the site in accordance with the issued permit and make available at the land application site proper identification, including their certificate number issued by the department. Monthly reports submitted in accordance with the requirements of 9VAC25-32-440 B shall bear the name and certificate number of the certified land applicators with an approved statement attesting that they were onsite at the times of the reported operations and that those operations were in compliance with the permit. The following parts of this regulation apply to any individual seeking a certificate of competence as required in §62.1-44.19:3.1 of the Code of Virginia.
B. Certificates of competence shall be issued by the department to certified land applicators. The department may issue such certification based on specified areas of training, experience and level of knowledge as demonstrated through successful completion of examinations as acceptable to the department.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-700. Eligibility requirements.
A. Certification may be obtained by satisfying all of the following requirements:
1. Satisfactorily completing and submitting to the department an application in the form required by the department, including a statement of any felony convictions. Such application shall be submitted to the department at least 30 days before the scheduled examination date set by the department. The application shall request information relating to the person''s education, work experience, knowledge of land application of biosolids and applicable regulations, and willingness to abide by the requirements of this regulation;
2. Supplying proof of meeting one of the following:
a. A copy of a transcript or similar documentation indicating completion of a high school or higher degree or equivalent education level with work experience in an agriculturally related area including farming and three months of practical experience related to land application of biosolids acceptable to the department,
b. A combination of training acceptable to the department that may include soil science or nutrient management or farming practice related educational training and a minimum of six months of practical experience related to land application of biosolids, or
c. Evidence of prior supervisory level experience with land application of biosolids of two or more years that is acceptable to the department;
3. Obtaining a passing score on each part of the land applicators certification examination administered by the department; and
4. Submitting the required certification fee by check or money order to the department.
B. Certificates shall be valid upon notification by the department and for two years following each renewal from the established renewal date and will expire on the last day of the expiration month. Certified land applicators or applicants shall notify the department of any change in mailing address within 30 days of such change in address.
C. The department, upon review, may accept or approve land applicator certification programs of other states as satisfying partial requirements for certification.
Individuals certified as land application operators in other states under certification or licensing programs acceptable to the department will be eligible for certification in Virginia by complying with all requirements of these regulations except for subdivision A 2 of this section. These individuals may also substitute, for the requirements in this regulation, 9VAC25-32-720, the attainment of a passing score on a Virginia specific examination component that shall include at a minimum the elements listed in 9VAC25-32-720 C 1 and C 6.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-710. Fees.
A. Fees shall be collected for certification and recertification to defray the administrative cost for the certification program.
B. A fee may be charged to supply training materials and present education and training programs, including continuing education, which support the certification program.
C. Fees are nonrefundable and shall not be prorated.
D. The certification fee of $100 for the initial certification period shall be due with the application for certification. If an applicant is unsuccessful in achieving a passing score on the examination, the applicant is eligible to retake the examination at a scheduled time as offered by the department. Applicants may retake the examination one time with no additional charge by resubmitting the application for certification. Eligibility for any additional examinations beyond the initial retaking will require the submittal of an application and appropriate fees.
E. The certificate of competence renewal fee is $100.
F. All fees collected by the department shall be used exclusively for the operation of the Land Applicator Training and Certification Program.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-720. Examination.
A. The department may offer the land applicator certification examinations on request and will schedule an examination at least once per year. The examinations shall require a demonstration of the ability to ensure that biosolids will be land applied in compliance with the requirements of this regulation. The department may limit the number of applicants taking the examination based upon available examination space.
B. Applicants for a certificate of competence shall achieve a passing score on each part of the land applicator certification examination to become eligible for certification. If applicants receive a passing score on any part of the examination they will only be retested on the remaining parts.
C. The examinations for qualified applicants for a certificate of competence in accordance with this regulation shall address the elements listed below.
1. General understanding of biosolids treatment processes and biosolids characteristics;
2. Basic principles of soils, agriculture, and silviculture;
3. Public health protection concepts;
4. Land application concepts and site management and operations;
5. Occupational safety and health protection concepts; and
6. Land application training and certification regulatory requirements, and requirements of other land application related laws, regulations, and incentive programs.
D. An individual who is unable to take an examination at the scheduled time shall notify the department at least five days prior to the date of the examination; such individual may reapply for an examination. The department may consider accepting notice of less than five days due to individual hardship situations on a case-by-case basis. Failure to notify the department may require the individual to submit a new application and payment of fees in accordance with 9VAC25-32-710.
E. The department shall establish acceptable passing scores for the examinations based on the department''s determination of the level of examination performance required to show minimal acceptable competence.
F. All applicants shall be notified of results in writing within 60 days of the completion of the examinations.
G. A certificate renewal date will be established and provided to the certified land applicator.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-730. Training.
A. The department shall provide training sessions on the various topics essential to ensure that land application of biosolids complies with state and federal laws and regulations at least annually.
B. The department may provide a training course on concepts supporting and relating to land application of biosolids that may include biosolids use regulation; basic soil and crop science; soil fertility; environmental management; and other relevant topics.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-740. Certificate renewal.
A. The department may not renew a certificate if a proceeding to deny certification under 9VAC25-32-760 has begun, or if the department has found that the applicant violated any requirements of this regulation. A certificate is to be renewed every two years and may be renewed on or before the expiration of a certificate by complying with all of the following requirements:
1. Submittal of a renewal application on the form the department requires;
2. Payment of the renewal fee to the department; and
3. Submittal of proof of satisfactory completion of at least four hours of continuing education course work within the past two years. The completed course work must be approved by the department as providing satisfactory training. Requests for pre-approval of continuing education courses should be received at least 60 days prior to the expected course date(s) and must include a detailed syllabus indicating time to be spent on each topic area covered. Continuing education course work must be in subject matter consistent with 9VAC25-32-720.
B. Department personnel may attend continuing education sessions to verify that the requirements are met. Proof of attendance must be verified by the course provider. The department may accept continuing education units obtained in other states if such continuing education units are specifically for the purpose of recertification in the state land application operator certification program.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-750. Certificate expiration.
A. Certificates issued under this regulation shall expire two years from the last day of the month in which they were issued, as indicated on the certificate, if any of the requirements of 9VAC25-32-740 are not met.
B. Following the expiration of a certificate, reinstatement may be accomplished only by reapplication and compliance with all requirements of 9VAC25-32-700 A, including the examination requirements.
C. It is the responsibility of the certified land applicators to accumulate the required continuing education requirements prior to expiration of the certificate of competence they hold. The department will attempt to notify the certified land applicators of any continuing education needs and other requirements as necessary for certificate renewal 90 days or more prior to certificate expiration.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-32-760. Compliance with regulations and disciplinary action.
A. If the department finds that a certified land applicator or an applicant for certification violated any applicable requirements of this regulation, including the procedural violations listed in subsection B of this section, the department may deny, suspend or revoke certification, following the informal fact-finding procedures of the Administrative Process Act (§2.2-4000 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).
B. Certification procedural violations include:
1. Providing misleading, false, or fraudulent information in applying for a certificate;
2. Providing the department with any misleading, false, or fraudulent report;
3. Failing to ensure that land application of biosolids complies with permit requirements in accordance with 9VAC25-32-480 through 9VAC25-32-500 due to negligence of responsibilities by the certified land applicator;
4. Failing to promptly and accurately record observed permit noncompliance or, failure to promptly notify the permittee of observed permit noncompliance or, preventing access to inspect any land application site or, failure to provide required field records upon request, in accordance with this regulation; and
5. Conviction of a felony related in any way to the responsibilities of a certified land applicator.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
FORMS
Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit Application, General Instructions, revised 10/95.
Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit Application, Form A, All Applicants, revised 10/95.
Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit Application, Form B, Animal Waste, revised 10/95.
Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit Application, Form C, Industrial Waste, revised 10/95.
Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit Application, Form D, Municipal Waste, revised 10/95.
Application for a Biosolids Use Permit, 2007.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Environmental Regulations and Technology-Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Biosolids, EPA-625/R-92/013, 1992, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
9VAC25-790-10. Definitions.
Unless otherwise specified, for the purpose of this chapter the following words and terms shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
"Area engineer" means the licensed professional engineer at the Department of Environmental Quality responsible for review and approval of construction plans and related materials who serves the area where a sewerage system or treatment works is located.
"Biosolids" means a sewage sludge that has received
an established treatment for required pathogen control and is treated or
managed to reduce vector attraction to a satisfactory level and contains
limited levels of pollutants, such that it is acceptable for use by land
application, marketing or distribution in accordance with the Biosolids Use
Regulations (12VAC5-585) of the Code of Virginia Virginia Pollution
Abatement Permit Regulation (9VAC25-32) and the Virginia Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System Permit Regulation (9VAC25-31).
"Biosolids use facility" means a type of treatment works that specifically treats or stores biosolids.
"Board" means the Virginia State Water Control Board.
"CTC" means a Certificate to Construct issued in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. This certificate will normally be in the form of a letter granting authorization for construction.
"CTO" means a Certificate to Operate issued in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. This certificate will normally be in the form of a letter granting authorization for operation.
"Critical areas/waters" means areas/waters in proximity to shellfish waters, a public water supply, recreation or other waters where health or water quality concerns are identified by the Virginia Department of Health or the State Water Control Board.
"Conventional design" means the designs for unit operations (treatment system component) or specific equipment that has been in satisfactory operation for a period of one year or more, for which adequate operational information has been submitted to the department to verify that the unit operation or equipment is designed in substantial compliance with this chapter. Equipment or processes not considered to be conventional may be deemed as alternative or nonconventional.
"Department" means the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality.
"Director" means the Director of the Department of Environmental Quality or an authorized representative.
"Discharge" means (when used without qualification) discharge of a pollutant.
"Effluent limitations" means any restrictions imposed by the board on quantities, discharge rates, and concentrations of pollutants that are discharged from point sources into surface waters, the waters of the contiguous zone, or the ocean.
"Exceptional quality biosolids" means biosolids that have received an established level of treatment for pathogen control and vector attraction reduction and contain known levels of pollutants, such that they may be marketed or distributed for public use in accordance with this chapter.
"Indirect discharger" means a nondomestic discharger introducing pollutants to a POTW.
"Industrial wastes" means liquid or other wastes resulting from any process of industry, manufacture, trade or business, or from the development of any natural resources.
"Land application" means the distribution of treated wastewater of acceptable quality, referred to as effluent, or supernatant from biosolids use facilities or stabilized sewage sludge of acceptable quality, referred to as biosolids, upon, or insertion into, the land with a uniform application rate for the purpose of assimilation, utilization, or pollutant removal. Bulk disposal of stabilized sludge in a confined area, such as in landfills, is not land application.
"Licensee" means an individual holding a valid license issued by the Board for Waterworks and Wastewater Works Operators.
"Licensed operator" means a licensee in the class of the treatment works who is an operator at the treatment works.
"Local review" means a program for obtaining advance approval by the director of an owner''s general local plans and specifications for future connections to, or extensions of, existing sewerage systems and of a plan for implementing them, in lieu of obtaining a CTC and CTO for each project within the scope of the plan.
"Manual" and "Manual of Practice" means Part III (9VAC25-790-310 et seq.) of the Sewage Collection and Treatment Regulations.
"Operate" means the act of making a decision on one''s own volition (i) to place into or take out of service a unit process or unit processes or (ii) to make or cause adjustments in the operation of a unit process or unit processes at a treatment works.
"Operating staff" means individuals employed or appointed by any owner to work at a treatment works. Included in this definition are licensees whether or not their license is appropriate for the classification and category of the treatment works.
"Operator" means any individual employed or appointed by any owner, and who is designated by such owner to be the person in responsible charge, such as a supervisor, a shift operator, or a substitute in charge, and whose duties include testing or evaluation to control treatment works operations. Not included in this definition are superintendents or directors of public works, city engineers, or other municipal or industrial officials whose duties do not include the actual operation or direct supervision of a treatment works.
"Owner" means the Commonwealth or any of its political subdivisions, including, but not limited to, sanitation district commissions and authorities, and any public or private institution, corporation, association, firm or company organized or existing under the laws of this or any other state or country, or any officer or agency of the United States, or any person or group of persons acting individually or as a group that owns, operates, charters, rents, or otherwise exercises control over or is responsible for any actual or potential discharge of sewage, industrial wastes, or other wastes to state waters, or any facility or operation that has the capability to alter the physical, chemical, or biological properties of state waters in contravention of §62.1-44.5 of the State Water Control Law.
"Permit" in the context of this chapter means a CTC or a CTO. Permits issued under 9VAC25-31 or 9VAC25-32 will be identified respectively as VPDES permits or VPA permits.
"Primary sludge" means sewage sludge removed from primary settling tanks designed in accordance with this chapter that is readily thickened by gravity thickeners designed in accordance with this chapter.
"Point source" means any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including, but not limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, landfill leachate collection system, vessel or other floating craft from which pollutants are or may be discharged. This term does not include return flows from irrigated agriculture or agricultural storm water runoff.
"Pollutant" means dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, filter backwash, sewage, garbage, sewage sludge, munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials, radioactive materials (except those regulated under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 USC 2011 et seq.)), heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt and industrial, municipal, and agricultural waste discharged into the water. It does not mean:
1. Sewage from vessels; or
2. Water, gas, or other material that is injected into a well to facilitate production of oil or gas, or water derived in association with oil and gas production and disposed of in a well, if the well used either to facilitate production or for disposal purposes is approved by the board, and if the board determines that the injection or disposal will not result in the degradation of ground or surface water resources.
"Pollution" means such alteration of the physical, chemical or biological properties of any state waters as will, or is likely to, create a nuisance or render such waters (i) harmful or detrimental or injurious to the public health, safety or welfare, or to the health of animals, fish or aquatic life; (ii) unsuitable with reasonable treatment for use as present or possible future sources of public water supply; or (iii) unsuitable for recreational, commercial, industrial, agricultural or for other reasonable uses; provided that: (a) an alteration of the physical, chemical or biological property of state waters, or either a discharge, or a deposit, of sewage, industrial wastes, or other wastes to state waters by any owner, which by itself is not sufficient to cause pollution, but which, in combination with such alteration of, or discharge, or deposit to state waters by other owners is sufficient to cause pollution; (b) the discharge of untreated sewage by any owner into state waters; and (c) contributing to the contravention of standards of water quality duly established by the State Water Control Board are "pollution" for the terms and purposes of this chapter.
"Reliability" means a measure of the ability of a component or system to perform its designated function without failure or interruption of service.
"Responsible charge" means designation by the owner of any individual to have the duty and authority to operate a treatment works.
"Settled sewage" is effluent from a basin in which sewage is held or remains in quiescent conditions for 12 hours or more and the residual sewage sludge is not reintroduced to the effluent following the holding period. Sewage flows not in conformance with these conditions providing settled sewage shall be defined as nonsettled sewage.
"Sewage" means the water-carried and nonwater-carried human excrement, kitchen, laundry, shower, bath or lavatory wastes, separately or together with such underground, surface, storm and other water and liquid industrial wastes as may be present from residences, buildings, vehicles, industrial establishments or other places.
"Sewage sludge" or "sludge" means any solid, semisolid, or liquid residues which contain materials removed from municipal or domestic wastewater during treatment including primary and secondary residues. Other residuals or solid wastes consisting of materials collected and removed by sewage treatment, septage and portable toilet wastes are so included in this definition. Liquid sludge contains less than 15% dry residue by weight. Dewatered sludge contains 15% or more dry residue by weight.
"Sewerage system" or "sewage collection system" means a sewage collection system consisting of pipelines or conduits, pumping stations and force mains and all other construction, devices and appliances appurtenant thereto, used for the collection and conveyance of sewage to a treatment works or point of ultimate disposal.
"Shall" or "will" means a mandatory requirement.
"Should" means a recommendation.
"Sludge management" means the treatment, handling, transportation, use, distribution or disposal of sewage sludge.
"State waters" means all water, on the surface and under the ground, wholly or partially within, or bordering the state or within its jurisdiction.
"Substantial compliance" means designs that do not exactly conform to the guidelines set forth in Part III as contained in documents submitted pursuant to this chapter but whose construction will not substantially affect health considerations or performance of the sewerage system or treatment works.
"Subsurface disposal" means a sewerage system involving the controlled distribution of treated sewage effluent below the ground surface in a manner that may provide additional treatment and assimilation of the effluent within the soil so as not to create a point source discharge or result in pollution of surface waters.
"Surface waters" means all state waters that are not ground water as defined in §62.1-255 of the Code of Virginia.
"Toxic pollutant" means any pollutant listed as toxic under §307(a)(1) or, in the case of sludge use or disposal practices, any pollutant identified in regulations implementing §405(d) of the Clean Water Act.
"Treatment works" means any device or system used in
the storage, treatment, disposal or reclamation of sewage, sewage sludge
or combinations of sewage and industrial wastes, including but not limited to
pumping, power and other equipment and their appurtenances, septic tanks and
any works, including land, that are or will be (i) an integral part of the
treatment process or (ii) used for ultimate disposal of residues or effluents
resulting from such treatment. Treatment works does not mean either
biosolids use facilities or land application of biosolids on private land,
as permitted under the Biosolids Use Regulations (12VAC5-585) Virginia
Pollution Abatement Permit Regulation (9VAC25-32) and the Virginia Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System Permit Regulation (9VAC25-31).
"Virginia Pollution Abatement (VPA) permit" means a document issued by the board, pursuant to 9VAC25-32, authorizing pollutant management activities under prescribed conditions.
"Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) Permit" means a document issued by the board, pursuant to 9VAC25-31, authorizing, under prescribed conditions, the potential or actual discharge of pollutants from a point source to surface waters and the use or disposal of sewage sludge. Under the approved state program, a VPDES permit is equivalent to an NPDES permit.
"Water quality standards" means the narrative statements for general requirements and numeric limits for specific requirements, that describe the water quality necessary to meet and maintain reasonable and beneficial uses.
Such standards are established by the State Water Control Board under §62.l-44.15(3a) of the Code of Virginia as the State Water Quality Standards (9VAC25-260).
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-10 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-10, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004; Errata 20:12 VA.R. 1526 February 23, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
Article 2
Procedures
9VAC25-790-50. CTCs and CTOs.
A. No owner shall cause or allow the construction, expansion
or modification (change of 25% or more in capacity or performance capability
or 20% for a biosolids use facility) of a sewerage system or treatment
works except in compliance with a CTC from the director unless as otherwise
provided for by this chapter and standards contained in this chapter.
Furthermore, no owner shall cause or allow any sewerage systems or treatment
works to be operated except in compliance with a CTO issued by the director
which authorizes the operation of the sewerage systems or treatment
works including biosolids use facilities unless otherwise provided for
by this chapter and standards contained in this chapter. Conditions may be
imposed on the issuance of any CTC or CTO, and no sewerage systems or treatment
works may be constructed, modified, or operated in violation of these
conditions.
B. Discharges of 1,000 gpd or less. On-site (located within owners property) residential sewage treatment works having a design capacity of 1,000 gallons per day or less may not be governed by this chapter and standards contained in this chapter if the performance reliability of such technology has been established by an approved testing program (9VAC25-790-210). These treatment works are regulated by other applicable regulations of the board (9VAC25-110) and of the Virginia Department of Health (12VAC5-610 and 12VAC5-640). Owners of such treatment works shall make application in accordance with and obtain the necessary permits from the board or the Virginia Department of Health as appropriate via the application procedures established for such treatment works.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-110 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-50, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-60. CTC and CTO waivers.
A. Small sewerage systems and treatment works. As described in this section, the requirement to formally obtain a CTC and a CTO through the provisions of this chapter and standards contained in this chapter is waived for sewerage systems having a design capacity of 40,000 gallons per day or less and serving or capable of serving a population of 400 persons or less and consisting entirely of gravity flow sewers.
B. Other waivers. A waiver for formal CTC and CTO issuance may also be granted for:
1. Construction of gravity flow sewers of 12-inch diameter design size or less;
2. Installations consisting of a single sewage pumping station having a design pumping capacity of 25 gallons per minute or less and handling a total daily volume of 2000 gallons or less;
3. Land application sites meeting the operational restrictions
specified in the Virginia Department of Health Biosolids Use Regulations
(12VAC5-585-130 Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit Regulation
(9VAC25-32) and the Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination Permit
Regulation (9VAC25-31); or
4. Sites utilized entirely for research projects in accordance with this chapter, such as pilot plant studies.
C. Larger sewerage systems and treatment works. In order to qualify for a CTC and CTO waiver for collection systems serving more than 400 persons, the permittee or owner must file with the area engineer an application (see Part IV (9VAC25-790-940 et seq.) of this chapter) or a letter of intent to construct and operate such a system as described above. The letter shall be filed at least 30 days prior to the time that granting of such a waiver would be required to initiate construction. The letter shall contain a brief description of the proposed sewerage system, or land application, applicable maintenance provisions, the area to be served, the location of the proposed sewerage system, treatment works, or land application and the point of discharge or entry to the downstream sewerage system or treatment works if applicable. If the owner of the sewerage system or treatment works is not the applicant, the applicant shall demonstrate that the downstream owner will accept the design flow for connection to the downstream sewerage system or treatment works. A written statement that the additional sewage being discharged into the downstream system will be accepted may be required. If after review of the application or letter, a determination is made by the director that it is not in the best interest of public health and welfare to waive the permit requirements of this chapter and standards contained in this chapter, the owner will be so notified and will be required to obtain the applicable CTC and CTO. The requirements of this subsection are not applicable if the owner has a local review program pursuant to this chapter and standards contained in this chapter.
D. The director may revoke a waiver granted under this section in his sole discretion if he determines that the public health and welfare would be better served by issuance of a CTC and a CTO.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-110 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-60, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-120. Construction drawings (plans).
A. Construction drawings (plans) for sewerage systems or treatment works improvements for which a technical evaluation is required shall provide the information necessary to determine that the owner''s final plans, specifications, and other documents satisfy (i) requirements established by these regulations and engineering standards of practice; and (ii) the minimum requirements and limiting factors established in the owner''s approved preliminary engineering proposal. The final plans should include:
B. Final engineering documents. Drawings, plans, specifications and other engineering documents that are submitted to the area engineer for a technical evaluation shall be in substantial compliance with this chapter prior to issuance of a CTC by the director. Engineering documents may be submitted by the owner to the area engineer following the preliminary engineering conference, or following a technical evaluation of the preliminary engineering proposal if required. Up to four copies shall be submitted to the area engineer for non-Virginia Revolving Loan Fund funded projects and up to five copies shall be submitted for projects financed through the Virginia Revolving Loan Fund. The original of the letter of submittal with appropriate signature(s) shall accompany the engineering documents. The letter of submittal should identify any necessary actions to be taken by the area engineer to expedite evaluation of the submitted documents.
All drawings, specifications, engineer''s reports and other documents submitted for evaluation shall be prepared by or under the supervision of appropriately licensed professionals, legally qualified to practice in Virginia, in accordance with the provisions of §§54.1-400 to 54.1-411 of the Code of Virginia inclusive.
All submitted plans for sewerage systems or treatment works shall bear a suitable title showing the name of the municipality, sewer district, institution or other owner and shall show the scale in feet, a graphical scale, the north point, date and the name of the appropriate licensed professional. Also, each plan sheet shall bear the same general title identifying the overall project, and each shall be numbered. Appropriate subtitles shall be included on the individual sheets. The plans shall be clear and legible. They shall be drawn to a scale that will permit all necessary information to be plainly shown. The size of the plans should be no larger than 36 inches by 48 inches. The datum used should be indicated. Locations of all special features, when made, shall be shown on the plans. Logs of test borings should be given either on plans or in the specifications. Detail plans shall consist of plan views, elevations, sections, and supplementary views which, together with the specifications and general layouts, provide the working information for the contract and construction of the works. The plans shall include dimensions and relative elevations of structures, the location and outline form of equipment, location and size of piping, water levels, ground elevations, and erosion control abatement facilities. Data shall be provided for proposed additions of flow to existing sewerage systems indicating that the additional sewage flow from the proposed project will have no adverse impact on the operation of downstream facilities.
C. Sewerage systems. Plans submitted for new construction or substantial modification (increasing flow capacity by more than 25%) of sewage collection piping shall include the following: the location, size, type and direction of flow of all existing and proposed sanitary sewers involved in the project.
1. Detailed plans when submitted for evaluation shall provide complete and properly scaled graphical depictions of design information. Profiles shall have a horizontal scale of not more than 100 feet to the inch and a vertical scale of not more than 10 feet to the inch. The plan view shall be drawn to a corresponding horizontal scale. Plans and profiles shall show:
a. Location of streets and sewers with an identification system.
b. Ground surface elevations and manhole stationing.
c. Invert elevations of sewers at each manhole.
d. Size and grade of sewer between adjacent manholes.
e. Any special construction features.
2. All manholes shall be labeled in an established manner on the plan and correspondingly labeled on the profile. If a community does not allow the connection of basement drains to the sewer, this may be stated on the plans as a basis for exemption, and the plans need not show the elevations and locations of basement floors. Where there is any question of the sewer being sufficiently deep to serve any residence, the elevation and location of the basement floor shall be plotted on the profile of the sewer which is to serve the house in question. The engineer shall state that all sewers are sufficiently deep to serve adjacent basements except where otherwise noted on the plans.
3. Sewerage system plans shall identify locations of all special features such as inverted siphons, concrete encasement, elevated sewers, all known existing structures both above and below ground that might interfere with the proposed construction, particularly water mains, gas mains, storm drains, etc.
4. Special detail drawings, made to a scale to clearly show the nature of the design, shall be furnished to show the following particulars:
a. All stream crossings and sewer outlets, with elevations of the streambed and normal and design flow water levels.
b. Details of all sewer joints and cross sections requiring special construction such as concrete encasement.
c. Details of all sewer appurtenances such as manholes, inspection chambers, inverted siphons, regulators, tide gates and elevated sewers.
D. Sewage pumping stations. Plans submitted for technical evaluation involving new construction or substantial modification (increasing flow capacity by more than 25%) of pumping stations shall address the following design information: (i) the location and extent of the tributary area; (ii) the location of municipal boundaries within the tributary area; and (iii) the location of the pumping station and force main and pertinent elevations.
1. For new construction the forms of land use (commercial, residential, and agricultural) and access control proposed for the near future over a 100-foot radius from the pumping station structure shall be indicated. Existing buildings and their types within 100 feet of the pumping station shall be indicated. Submission of detailed plans would not be required for upgraded pump stations that are issued, or included in, a final operating permit.
2. Detailed plans submitted for evaluation shall provide the following design information where applicable:
a. A contour map of the property to be used.
b. Proposed pumping station equipment layout and capacities including provisions for installation of future pumps or ejectors. Proper references to the specifications should be included.
c. Elevations of operating levels of sewage contained in the wet well at the site and the estimated locations of raw sewage overflows in the collection system upon occasion of pump failure resulting in high water levels in the wet well.
d. Test borings and ground water elevations, if taken.
e. Plan and elevation views of the pump suction (from the wet well) and discharge piping showing all isolation valves and gates.
E. Treatment works. Plans submitted for technical evaluation of projects involving new construction or substantial modifications (increasing flow capacity by more than 25%) of treatment works shall identify the treatment works relative to the remainder of the system. For new construction, the plan shall include sufficient topographic features to indicate its location relative to streams and the point of discharge of treated effluent. Also the forms of land use (commercial, residential, and agricultural, existing or proposed) and access controls for the near future over a 700-foot radius from the proposed treatment works structures must be indicated. Existing buildings and their type of use within 700 feet of the new treatment works site shall be adequately described, e.g., by means of topographic maps, aerial photos, drawings, etc.
1. For technical evaluation, the proposed treatment works design submittal shall include the following as specified:
a. Topography and other characteristics of the site as specified:
b. Size and location of treatment works structures.
c. Schematic flow diagram showing the flow through various treatment works unit operations.
d. Piping, including any arrangements for bypassing individual unit operations. Materials handled and direction of flow through channels, pipes and unit operations shall be shown, including arrangements for independent operation.
e. Hydraulic flow profiles showing the average relative surface elevations of mainstream and sidestream flows of sewage, supernatant and sludge as influent, effluent and flow within the channels, piping, pumps and basins that comprise the treatment works.
f. Soil characteristics including hydraulic conductivity established by soil tests and test borings and hydrologic factors, such as ground water elevations, that can affect the treatment of disposal capacity.
2. For technical evaluation, detailed plans shall include the following:
a. Location, dimensions and elevations of all existing and proposed treatment works unit operations solids handling facilities and equipment.
b. Elevations of high water levels affecting the treatment works design and to which the treatment works effluent is to be discharged or absorbed.
c. Pertinent data concerning the rated capacity of all pumps, blowers, motors and other mechanical devices. All or part of such data may be included in the specifications by suitable reference on the plans.
d. Average and maximum elevations for the hydraulic flow profile within the unit operations.
e. Adequate description of any features not otherwise covered by specifications or engineer''s report.
3. Facility closure plans shall address the following information as a minimum:
a. Residual wastewater and solids treatment, removal and final disposition.
b. Removal of structures, equipment, piping and appurtenances.
c. Site grading and erosion and sediment control.
d. Restoration of site vegetation and access control.
e. Proposed land use (post-closure) of site.
F. Plans submitted for technical evaluation of biosolids use facilities, including substantial modifications (new location of storage on site, or increasing design capacity by more than 20%) from that previously approved shall identify the proposed locations, management practices, biosolids sources, treatment and quality information as required. For new construction, the plan shall include sufficient topographic features to indicate its location relative to streams and other land use facilities, as required. The forms of land use (commercial, residential, and agricultural existing or proposed) buffer zones and access controls, for the near future, surrounding the proposed biosolids use facilities must be indicated. Existing buildings and their type of use within 200 feet of the new site shall be adequately described (e.g., by means of topographic maps, aerial photos, drawings, etc.).
Facility closure plans shall address the following information as a minimum:
1. Residual wastewater and sludge treatment, removal and final disposition.
2. Removal of structures, equipment, piping and appurtenances.
3. Site grading and erosion and sediment control.
4. Restoration of site vegetation and access control.
5. Proposed land use (postclosure) of site.
F.G. Approval. The area engineer will approve or
disapprove the construction drawings and notify the owner in accordance with 9VAC25-790-80
C.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-170 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-120, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-130. Specifications.
A. Content. Complete technical specifications for the construction of sewers, sewage pumping stations, treatment works, biosolids use facilities including subsurface disposal pre-treatment and all appurtenances, shall accompany the plans submitted for technical evaluation.
The specifications accompanying construction drawings shall include, but not be limited to, all construction information not shown on the drawings which is necessary to inform the contractor in detail of the design requirement as to the quality of materials and workmanship and fabrication of the project and the type, size, strength, operating characteristics and rating of equipment, including machinery, pumps, valves, piping, and jointing of pipe, electrical apparatus, wiring and meters; laboratory fixtures and equipment; operating tools, construction materials, special filter materials such as stone, sand, gravel or slag; miscellaneous appurtenances; chemicals when used; instructions of testing materials and equipment as necessary to meet design requirements and standards of practice; and operating tests for the completed works and component units.
B. Submittal. Specifications shall be submitted to the area engineer in the number and distribution specified in this chapter. One copy of the submitted documents shall bear on an initial page the original seal imprint and signature of the appropriately registered professional who prepared the specifications or under whose direct supervision the specifications were prepared for electronic submission of documents. For electronic submittal of documents, a transmittal letter shall bear the original seal and signature. Submission of specifications for gravity systems to the area engineer will not be required for those municipalities or privately owned sewerage systems that are either approved to participate in the local review program or have received department approval of local standards for design and construction. Local review participation requirements are described in 9VAC25-790-230.
C. Approval. The area engineer will approve or disapprove the specifications and notify the owner in accordance with 9VAC25-790-80 C.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-180 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-130, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-150. Sludge management plans.
A. Evaluation. The general purpose of the plan is to facilitate a determination by the department that the management plan developed by the owner in accordance with the department administered VPDES or VPA permit program (9VAC25-31 and 9VAC25-32) presents the necessary technical guidance and regulatory requirements to facilitate the proper management of sewage sludge, including use of biosolids, for both normal conditions and generally anticipated adverse conditions. The evaluation by the department may address methods of controlling and monitoring the quality of sludge by the owner and the means of use or disposal of that sludge by the owner or his agent.
Three types of biosolids storage may be integrated into a complete sludge management plan in accordance with the Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit Regulation (9VAC25-32) including (i) "emergency storage" involving immediate implementation of storage for any sludge that becomes necessary due to unforeseen circumstances, (ii) "temporary storage" involving the provision of storage of stabilized sludges at the land application site that becomes necessary due to unforeseen climatic events that preclude land application of biosolids in the day that it is transported from the generator, and (iii) "routine storage" involving the storage of biosolids as necessary for all nonapplication periods of the year. The requirements for the design of biosolids storage facilities are located in 9VAC25-32.
B. Approval. The department will approve or disapprove the manual and notify the owner in accordance with 9VAC25-790-80 C.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-200 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-150, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-180. CTC.
A. Issuance. Upon approval of the proposed design by the area engineer, including any submitted plans and specifications, if required, the director will issue a CTC to the owner within 15 days of such approval to construct or modify his sewerage systems or treatment works in accordance with the approved design and submitted plans and specifications.
B. Revisions. Any deviations from the approved design or the submitted plans and specifications significantly (25% or more variation from original for sewerage systems or treatment works and 20% or more for biosolids use facilities) affecting hydraulic conditions (flow profile), unit operations capacity, the functioning of the sewage treatment process, or the quality of treated effluent discharged, must be approved by the area engineer before any such changes are made. Revised plans and specifications shall be submitted in time to allow 30 days for the review, evaluation and approval of such plans or specifications before any construction work that will be affected by such changes is begun, unless the owner has received approval to proceed from the department prior to either a formal submittal of revisions, or the department approval of submitted revisions.
C. Completion of construction. A statement shall be submitted by the owner assuring completion of construction and an inspection of the constructed system works will be scheduled in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
1. Upon completion of the construction or modification of the sewerage systems or treatment works, the owner shall submit to the area engineer a statement signed by a licensed professional engineer stating that the construction work was completed in accordance with the approved plans and specifications, or revised only in accordance with the provisions of subsection B of this section. This statement is called a Statement of Completion of Construction and shall be based upon inspections of the sewerage systems or treatment works during and after construction or modifications that are adequate to ensure the truth of the statement.
2. The owner shall contact the area engineer and request that a final inspection of the completed construction be made so that either a conditional, or a final, CTO can be issued. Within 30 days after placing a new or modified sewerage systems or treatment works into operation, the effluent produced should be sampled and tested in a manner sufficient to demonstrate compliance with approved specifications and permit requirements. The area engineer shall be notified of the time and place of the tests and the results of the tests shall be sent to the area engineer for evaluation as part of the final CTO.
3. A closure plan should be submitted with or prior to the statement of completion of construction in accordance with this chapter.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-230 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-180, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-200. CTO modifications or revocation actions.
A. Amendment or reissuance. The director may amend or reissue a CTO where there is a change in the manner of the collection, the treatment, or the source of sewage or sewage sludge at the permitted location, or for any other cause incident to the protection of the public health and welfare, provided notice is given to the owner, and, if one is required, a hearing held in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Process Act.
B. Revocation or suspension. The director may suspend or revoke a CTO in accordance with the Administrative Process Act for the following reasons:
1. Failure to comply with the conditions of the CTO.
2. Violation of Title 62.1 of the Code of Virginia or of any of this chapter from which no variance or waiver has been granted.
3. Change in ownership.
4. Abandonment of the sewerage systems or treatment works.
5. Any of the grounds specified in §62.1-44.2 of the Code of Virginia.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-250 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-200, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-240. Compliance with Part III (9VAC25-790-310 et seq.--Manual of Practice) of this chapter.
A. The design guidelines set forth in Part III (9VAC25-790-310 et seq.) of this chapter specify general criteria and minimum standards for the design and construction of sewerage systems and treatment works and are not intended to be used as a substitute for engineering experience and judgment used in accordance with standards of practice.
B. Additional standards. The director may impose standards and requirements which are more stringent than those contained in Part III of this chapter when required for critical areas or special conditions. Any such special standards and requirements including those associated with a State Revolving Loan program shall take precedence over the criteria in Part III of this chapter and will be items that warrant careful consideration at the preliminary engineering conference referenced in this chapter. Designs submitted for sewerage systems or treatment works must demonstrate that the system or works will adequately safeguard public health and welfare and will comply with the CTO and VPDES or VPA permit requirements, as appropriate.
C. Substantial compliance. Submissions that are in substantial compliance with Part III (9VAC25-790-310 et seq.) of this chapter or additional requirements of the department as noted above will be approved. Justification for a design may be required for those portions of the submitted design which differ from these criteria. The design engineer shall identify and justify noncompliance with specific design standards or "shall" criteria that the department identifies, or that the design engineer, in his judgment, believes to be substantial in nature. The department may request changes in designs that are not in substantial compliance with Part III of this chapter and that are not adequately justified by the engineer/owner.
D. Exceptions. Compliance with Part III of this chapter will not be required for sewerage systems or treatment works that have received the approval of the Virginia Department of Health and the board and on which modifications and construction have been commenced prior to February 27, 2002, or January 1, 2008, for biosolids use facilities. Construction or modification of sewerage systems or treatment works is deemed to be commenced for purposes of this chapter upon receipt of complete final engineering documents by the area engineer. The fact that significant work was accomplished on a specific project prior to adoption of this chapter and standards contained in this chapter shall be a consideration when evaluating applications.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-3000 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-240, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-540. Sludge stabilization.
The selection and operation of the sludge treatment or
stabilization process shall be based on the ultimate utilization of the final
sludge product. Land based management of treated sewage sludge may require the
production of biosolids as described in the Biosolids Use Regulations
(12VAC5-585) Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit Regulation (9VAC25-32)
or Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit Regulation
(9VAC25-31). The design requirements for the treatment and stabilization
processes described in this chapter are based on the assumption that they must
accomplish the necessary processing of sewage sludge at the treatment works.
Consideration will be given to reducing design requirements, on a case-by-case
basis, for treatment works employing series operation of two or more
stabilization processes or methods in accordance with the means of sludge
management. The standard buffer distance of 200 feet shall be provided
between the walls of open and exposed sludge treatment operations and the
boundaries of the site area in which either controlled use or access
restrictions apply.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-600 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-540, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-550. Anaerobic digestion.
A. The design of anaerobic digesters should provide an optimum environment for effective microbial degradation of the organic matter in sewage sludge. The digester system design shall address separation and removal of liquid or supernatant. The production of methane gas (CH4) should be optimized. Digester gas should be utilized as a fuel whenever practical.
B. Design. A minimum of two anaerobic digesters, or enclosed reactors, shall be provided, so that each digester may be used as a first stage or primary reactor for treating primary and secondary sludge flows generated at a treatment works with a design flow exceeding 0.5 mgd. Additional digesters are provided to treat the total flow of primary and secondary sludge generated at treatment works with sewage design flows exceeding one MGD.
1. Where multiple digesters are not provided, a storage facility or adequate available sludge processing system shall be provided for emergency use so that the digester may be taken out of service without unduly interrupting treatment works operation.
2. Each digester should have the means for transferring a portion of its contents to other digesters. Multiple digester facilities should have means of returning supernatant from the settling digester unit to appropriate points for treatment.
3. Provisions for side-stream treatment of supernatant shall be included when the supernatant load is not included in the treatment works design.
4. Multiple sludge inlets and draw-offs and multiple recirculation section and discharge points (minimum of three) to facilitate flexible operation and effective mixing of the digester contents to optimize treatment for pathogen control and vector attraction reduction shall be provided. One inlet shall discharge above the liquid level and be located at approximately the center of the digester to assist in scum breakup. Raw sludge inlets should be so located as to minimize short circuiting between the inlets and either the supernatant draw-off, or sludge withdrawal points.
5. The proportion of depth to diameter should provide for a minimum of six feet storage depth for supernatant liquor, or the proportion of total volume allocated for supernatant should be 10% or more.
6. The digester bottom shall slope to drain toward the withdrawal pipe. At least one access manholes shall be provided in the top of the digester in addition to the gas dome. One opening shall be large enough to permit the use of mechanical equipment to remove grit and sand. A separate side wall manhole shall be provided at the basin floor level.
a. To facilitate emptying, cleaning, and maintenance, the digester design shall provide for access and safety features.
b. In accordance with VOSH requirements and these regulations, the operation and maintenance manual should specify: nonsparking tools, rubber soled shoes, safety harness, gas detectors for inflammable and toxic gases, and at least one self contained breathing apparatus.
C. Loadings. Where the composition of the sewage has been established, digester capacity shall be computed from the volume and character of sludge to be digested. The total digestion volume shall be determined by rational calculations based upon such factors as volume of sludge added, its percent solids and character, the temperature to be maintained in the digesters, the degree or extent of mixing to be obtained, expected formation of inactive deposits, and the size of the installation with appropriate allowance for sludge and supernatant storage. These detailed calculations shall be submitted to justify the basis of design.
1. The design average detention time for sludge undergoing digestion for stabilization shall be a minimum of 15 days within the primary digester, but longer periods may be required to achieve the levels of pathogen control and vector attraction reduction necessary for the method used for sludge management.
2. The digester shall be capable of maintaining a minimum average sludge digestion temperature of 35°C (95°F) with the capability of maintaining temperature control within a 4°(+/-)C range.
3. If unheated digesters are utilized, they shall have the capacity to provide a minimum detention time of 60 days within the digestion volume in which sludge is maintained at a temperature of at least 20°C (68°F).
4. For digestion systems where mixing is accomplished only by circulating sludge through an external heat exchanger, the system shall be loaded at less than 40 pounds of volatile solids per 1,000 cubic feet of volume per day or at a volumetric rate that provides not less than a 30 day detention time in the active digestion volume. The design volatile solids loading should be established in accordance with the degree of mixing provided.
5. Where mixing is accomplished by other methods, loading rates shall be determined on the basis of information furnished by the design consultant.
D. Completely mixed systems. For digesters providing for intimate and effective mixing of the digestion volume contents, the systems shall be designed for an average feed loading rate of less than 200 pounds of volatile solids per 1,000 cubic feet of volume per day or at a volumetric loading that provides 15 days or more detention time in the active digestion volume.
1. Confined mixing systems include (i) arrangements where gas or sludge flows are directed through vertical channels; and (ii) mechanical stirring, or pumping systems. Both confined mixing and unconfined continuously discharging gas mixing systems shall be designed to ensure complete turnover of digestion volume every 30 minutes. For tanks over 60 feet in diameter, multiple mixing devices shall be used.
2. Unconfined, sequentially discharging gas mixing systems shall be designed using the number of discharge points and gas flow rates shown for the various tank diameters as listed in this section, unless sufficient operating data is submitted and approved to verify the performance reliability of a alternative designs.
3. Gas discharge lines (lances) mounted on a floating cover or top designed to accumulate gas emissions shall extend to the base of the vertical side wall while the cover is resting on its landing brackets. For floor mounted diffuser boxes or lances mounted to a fixed cover, gas discharge shall extend to the base of the vertical side wall.
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR MULTIPLE DISCHARGE MIXING SYSTEMS, SEQUENTIAL DISCHARGE |
|||||||||
Maximum Diameter (Ft.) |
|||||||||
Tank Diameter |
20-30 |
31-40 |
41-50 |
51-60 |
61-70 |
71-80 |
81-90 |
91-100 |
101-110 |
Minimum Number of Points) |
|||||||||
Discharge Points |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
Minimum Gas Flow |
|||||||||
Gas Flow (CFM) |
95 |
95 |
95 |
150 |
150 |
150 |
200 |
250 |
300 |
4. The minimum gas flow supplied for complete mixing shall be 15 cubic feet/min./1000 cubic feet of digestion volume. Flow measuring devices and throttling valves shall be used to provide the minimum gas flow.
5. The design power supplied for mechanical stirring or pumping type complete mixing systems shall be capable of achieving a minimum of 0.5 horsepower per 1,000 cubic feet of digestion volume.
6. Where low speed mechanical mixing devices are specified, more than one device shall be provided unless other mixing devices are also provided.
E. Gas collection. All portions of the gas system, including the space above the liquid surface in the digester, storage facilities and piping shall be so designed that under all normal operating conditions, including sludge withdrawal, the gas will be maintained under positive pressure.
1. All enclosed areas where any gas leakage might occur shall be adequately ventilated.
2. All necessary safety facilities should be included where gas is produced in accordance with VOSH requirements.
3. Pressure and vacuum relief valves and flame traps, together with automatic safety shut-off valves, may be provided.
4. Water seal equipment shall not be installed on gas piping.
5. Gas piping shall be of adequate diameter to provide a velocity less than 12 feet per second at a flow of two times the average rate and shall slope to condensation or drip traps at low points.
6. The use of float controlled condensate traps is not permitted. Condensation traps shall be placed in accessible locations for daily servicing and draining.
7. Electrical fixtures and equipment located in enclosed places where gas may accumulate will be evaluated in accordance with the National Board of Fire Underwriters'' specifications for hazardous conditions and other applicable codes and regulations.
8. The electrical equipment provided in sludge-digester pipe galleries containing gas piping should be designed and installed to eliminate potential explosive conditions. The design of electrical equipment located in any location where gas or digested sludge leakage is possible will be evaluated in accordance with applicable codes and regulations.
9. Waste gas burners shall be readily accessible and should be located at least 50 feet away from any structure, if placed at ground level. Gas burners may be located on the roof of the control building if sufficiently removed from the digester and gas storage tank and will comply with all applicable state and federal air pollution control requirements. Waste gas burners shall not be located on top of the digester or gas storage tank.
10. In remote locations it may be permissible to discharge small quantities of digester gas (less than 100 CFH) to the atmosphere through a return bend screened vent terminating at least 10 feet above the walking surface, provided the assembly incorporates a flame trap and is in compliance with all applicable state and federal regulations.
11. A gas meter with bypass shall be provided to meter total gas production. Gas piping lines for anaerobic digesters shall be equipped with closed type indicating gauges. These gauges shall read directly in inches of water. Normally, three gauges will be provided: (i) one to measure the main line pressure; (ii) a second to measure the pressure to gas-utilization equipment; and (iii) the third to measure pressure to waste burners. Gas tight shut-off and vent cocks shall be provided. The vent piping shall be extended outside the building, and the opening shall be screened and arranged to prevent the entrance of rainwater. All piping of the manometer system shall be protected with safety equipment.
12. Any underground enclosures connecting with anaerobic digester tanks or containing sludge or gas piping or equipment shall be provided with forced ventilation in accordance with VOSH requirements and this chapter and standards contained in this chapter. Tightly fitting, self closing doors shall be provided at connecting passageways and tunnels to minimize the spread of gas.
F. Energy control. If practical, digesters should be constructed above the water table and should be suitably insulated to minimize heat loss. The use of digester gas as a heating fuel source is encouraged.
1. Sludge shall be heated by circulating the sludge through external heaters unless effective mixing is provided. Piping shall be designed to provide for the preheating of feed sludge before introduction to the digesters. Provisions shall be made in the layout of the piping and valving to facilitate cleaning of these lines. Heat exchanger sludge piping shall be sized for design heat transfer requirements.
2. Sufficient heating capacity shall be provided to maintain consistently the design temperature required for sludge stabilization. For emergency usage, an alternate source of fuel shall be available and the boiler or other heat source shall be capable of using the alternate fuel.
3. The heating system design shall provide for all controls necessary to ensure effective and safe operation. Facilities for optimizing mixing of the digester contents for effective heating shall be provided.
4. Sludge heating devices with open flames should be located above grade in areas separate from locations of gas production or storage.
G. Supernatant handling. Supernatant withdrawal piping shall not be less than six inches in diameter, and piping shall be arranged so that withdrawal can be made from three or more levels in the tank. A positive, unvalved, vented overflow shall be provided.
1. On fixed cover digesters the supernatant withdrawal level should preferably be selected by means of interchangeable extensions at the discharge end of the piping.
2. If a supernatant selector is provided, provision shall be made for at least two other draw-off levels located in the supernatant zone of the digester in addition to the unvalved emergency supernatant draw-off pipe. High pressure backwash facilities shall be provided.
3. Provisions shall be made for sampling at each supernatant draw-off level. Sampling pipes shall be at least 1-1/2 inches in diameter.
4. Management of digester supernatant must be addressed in the treatment works design. Also, sidestream treatment alternatives for digester supernatant shall be considered in the preliminary engineering design.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-610 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-550, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-570. Composting.
A. Conventional sludge composting facilities aerobically process digested, or otherwise treated, sewage sludge that is uniformly mixed with other organic materials and bulking agents to facilitate biological decomposition of organics. The treated sewage sludge will be exposed to temperatures at or above 55°C for three consecutive days or more. The method of mixing and aeration, and the carbon to nitrogen characteristics, of the compost mix are critical to the process design.
B. General design. Unless the facility is totally enclosed, an appropriate buffer shall be established on a case-by-case basis by considering both the locations of any residential area, hospitals, nursing homes for the elderly and serum production centers and the prevailing wind at such locations. Local jurisdictions impacted by this restriction shall be so notified.
1. All compost facilities shall be provided with adequate means to prevent and control odors as necessary.
2. All compost facilities shall be provided with all-weather roads to and from the facility, as well as between the various process operations.
3. The receiving, mixing, composting, curing, drying, screening, and storage areas shall be paved with asphaltic concrete, reinforced concrete, or other impervious, structurally stable material that provides similar site characteristics.
4. The facility shall be graded to prevent uncontrolled runoff and a suitable drainage system shall be provided to collect all process wastewater and direct it to storage and treatment facilities. Process wastewater includes water collected from paved process areas. The capacity of the drainage system, including associated storage or treatment works system shall be based on the 24-hour rainfall of a 10-year return frequency.
5. All facility process wastewater and sanitary wastewater shall be collected and treated prior to discharge.
C. Facilities. A weigh scale, volumetric method, or other means shall be provided for determining the amount of sludge or residuals delivered to the facility and the amount of compost material removed from the facility. Adequate space and equipment must be provided for mixing operations and other material handling operations.
1. Where liquid, or dewatered, sludge or residuals are processed by the compost facility, all receiving of such inputs shall occur in either:
a. An area that drains directly to a storage, treatment, or disposal facility.
b. A handling area which shall be hard-surfaced and diked to prevent entry of runoff or escape of the liquids.
c. A sump with an adequately sized pump located at the low point of the hard-surfaced area shall be provided to convey spills to a disposal or holding facility.
2. Provisions for cleaning all sludge transport or residual hauling trucks that return to public roads, shall be provided at all compost facilities. The facility shall be capable of effective operation regardless of weather conditions. Wash water shall be collected for necessary treatment.
3. At all compost facilities handling liquid or dewatered residual materials that must be mixed prior to composting, a mixing operation shall be provided. The operation shall have sufficient capacity to properly process the peak daily waste input with the largest mixer out of operation. Volumetric throughput values used to establish necessary mixing capacity may be based on the material volume resulting from the sludge to bulking agent ratio, or may be estimated from previous experience or pilot scale tests.
4. Effective mixing equipment should be provided for use at all compost facilities. The ability of all selected equipment to produce a compostable mix from sludge of an established moisture content, residual material, and the selected bulking agent shall be documented from previous experience or pilot tests.
5. Except for windrow composting wherein mobile mixers are used, an area with sufficient space to mix the bulking agent and sludge or residuals and store half of the daily peak input shall be provided. The mixing area shall be covered to prevent ambient precipitation from directly contacting the mix materials.
6. Where conveyors are used to move the compost mix to the composting area and or help provide mixing, either sufficient capacity shall be provided to permit handling of the mix with one conveyor out of operation, or a backup method of handling or storing shall be provided. Runoff shall be directed to a storage or treatment facility. Capacity of the drainage system shall be based on the 24-hour rainfall producing a peak rate expected once in 10 years.
D. System design. The system design shall be sufficient to provide the level of treatment required for protection of public health and welfare in relation to the anticipated management method. Consideration should be given to covering the compost mixing pad and curing area in order to allow for handling of bulking agents and treated sludge and the finished compost, during extended periods of precipitation. If a roof type cover is not provided, operation of the facility during critical weather periods shall be addressed. Sufficient equipment shall be provided for routinely measuring the temperature and oxygen at multiple points and depths within the compost piles.
1. Windrow method. The area requirements shall be based on the average daily compost mix inputs, a minimum detention time of 30 days on the compost pad, and the area required for operation of the mixing equipment. Sufficient compost mix handling equipment shall be provided to turn the windrows daily. In addition, proper drainage and space shall be provided to allow equipment movement between compost pile sections and access around the working areas.
2. Aerated-static pile method. The aerated-static pile area requirement shall be based on the average daily compost mix inputs, along with storing base and cover material, with a composting time of 21 days, unless the applicant can demonstrate through previous experience or pilot scale studies that less time is necessary to achieve the requirements.
a. The compost mix pile shall be provided with a means of uniformly distributing air flow. One foot or more thick base of friable material may be utilized under the deepest sections of compost mix. A 1-1/2 foot or more thick covering blanket of unscreened compost or a one foot thick or more blanket of screened compost may be utilized over the compost mix pile.
b. Compost mix piles should be configured to provide adequate aeration of the mix using either positive or negative pressure for air flow through the piles.
3. Confined composting methods. Due to the large variation in composting processes, equipment types, and process configuration characteristic of currently available confined systems, such as enclosed operations or in-vessel systems, it is not feasible to stipulate specific design criteria. However, a confined composting system will not be approved unless the applicant can demonstrate, through previous operating experience or pilot scale studies, that the material removed from the enclosed container or compost process, after the manufacturer''s suggested residence time, has an equivalent or higher degree of stabilization than would be achieved after 21 consecutive days of aerated static pile composting.
E. Aeration. Sufficient blower capacity shall be provided to deliver the necessary air flow through the compost mix, but the delivered air flow shall not be less than a minimum aeration rate of 500 cubic feet per hour per dry ton (CFH/DT). Where centralized aeration is utilized, multiple blower units shall be provided and shall be arranged so that the design air requirement can be met with the largest single unit out of service. Where individual or separated blowers are used, sufficient numbers of extra blowers shall be provided so that the design air requirement can be met with 10% of the blowers out of service. For facilities that are not continuously manned, the blower units should be equipped with automatic reset and restart mechanisms or alarmed to a continuously manned station, so that they will be placed back into operation after periods of power outage.
1. Each pile aeration distribution header shall be provided with a throttling control valve. The aeration system shall be designed to permit both suction and forced aeration. The piping system shall be capable of delivering 150% of the design aeration rate. The aeration piping may be located in troughs cast into the compost pad.
2. The aeration system shall be designed to permit the length of the aeration cycle to be individually adjusted at each pile header pipe.
F. Compost handling. The design of the curing area shall be based on a minimum retention time of 30 days unless the applicant can demonstrate through previous experience or pilot studies that less time is required. Daily input shall be based on the average daily input of mix to the composting area.
1. A drying stage is optional, but is usually required if compost is to be recycled as a bulking agent or if screening is required. Consideration should be given to covering the drying area. If a cover is provided, it can be designed so that sunlight is transmitted to the composting materials while preventing direct contact with ambient precipitation. Efficient drying may be accomplished by drawing or blowing air through the compost mixture or by mechanical mixing of shallow layers with stationary bucket systems, mobile earth moving equipment, or rotating discs.
2. Screening shall be provided for all compost facilities where the compost disposition necessitates the use of a screened product or where the bulking agent must be recycled and reused. When dry compost is used as a bulking agent screening is not typically provided.
a. A daily screening capacity of 200% of the average daily amount of compost mix shall be provided when screening is required.
b. Based on previous composting facility performance, or on pilot tests, the ability of the specified equipment to screen compost at the projected moisture range shall be demonstrated.
c. The area used for screening should be covered unless operations are not hindered when screening is temporarily discontinued.
3. Storage areas shall be provided for six months storage of compost unless the applicant can demonstrate (through previous experience, pilot studies or letters of intent to accept compost offsite) that less storage area is required. Storage for curing or drying biosolids compost is usually provided if compost is to be recycled for public use.
For all compost facilities where a separate bulking agent is required, storage area for a six-month supply of the bulking agent shall be provided, unless the applicant can demonstrate that bulking agent supplies can be replenished more frequently.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-630 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-570, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-580. Heat treatment.
A. The design of heat treatment systems shall be based on the anticipated sludge flow rate (gpm) with the required heat input dependent on sludge characteristics and concentration. The system should be designed for continuous 24-hour operation to minimize additional heat input to start up the system. Measures for the adequate control of odors shall be stipulated for review.
B. Design. Multiple units shall be provided unless nuisance-free storage or alternate stabilization methods are available, to avoid disruption to treatment works operation when units are not in service. If a single system is provided, standby grinders, fuel pumps, air compressor (if applicable), and dual sludge pumps shall be required.
1. A reasonable downtime for maintenance and repair based on data from comparable facilities shall be included in the design. Adequate storage for process feed and downtime shall be included. Control parameters shall be adequately monitored. Continuous recorders to monitor temperatures shall be provided.
2. Due to the large variation in incineration processes, equipment types, and configurations characteristic of currently available incineration systems, it is not feasible to stipulate specific design criteria. Therefore, these systems shall be considered on a case-by-case basis. Design of these systems should be based on pilot plant studies or data from comparable facilities.
C. Features. The process should provide heat stabilization in a reaction vessel within a range of 175°C or 350°F for 40 minutes to 205°C or 400°F for 20 minutes at pressure ranges of 250 to 400 psig, or provide for pasteurization at temperatures of 30°C or 85°F or more and gage pressures of more than one standard atmosphere (14.7 psia) for periods exceeding 25 days. The conventional heat drying system involves either direct or indirect contact between a dewatered sludge cake and hot gases in order to reduce the moisture content of the cake to 10% or less. The sludge cake temperature is typically 800°F or more during this process.
1. Sludge grinders shall be provided to protect heat exchangers from rag fouling. An acid wash or high pressure water wash system shall be available to remove scale from heat exchangers and reactors. Materials of construction of heat exchangers shall be selected to minimize corrosion.
2. The decant tank shall be equipped with a sludge scraper mechanism and shall be covered to prevent odor release.
3. Separate, additional grit removal (in addition to grit removal at the treatment works influent) should be considered to prevent abrasion of piping.
4. Adequate treatment works or sidestream treatment shall be provided for the recycle streams from heat treatment.
5. Odor control shall be addressed for exhaust and off-gas from decant tanks in accordance with state and federal air pollution control requirements.
D. Incineration. Sludge incinerator ash may be used as either a material additive or an ingredient for the manufacture of construction materials and other products. Due to the large variation in incineration processes, equipment types, and configurations characteristic of currently available incineration systems, it is not feasible to describe a conventional design. Design of these systems should be based on pilot plant studies or data from comparable facilities.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-640 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-580, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-590. Chemical treatment.
A. The fundamental design areas to be considered include chemical feeding, mixing, and storage capacity. Chemical treatment operation controls may include pH, contact time and mixture temperature.
B. Alkaline treatment. The three design parameters typically considered fundamental for design of an alkaline stabilization system include pH, contact time, and mixture temperature. The alkaline additive dosage required to stabilize sludge is determined by the type of sludge, its chemical composition and the solids concentration. Performance data taken from pilot plant test programs or from comparable facilities should be used in determining the proper dosage.
1. The For conventional treatment, the design
objective shall be to furnish uniform mixing in order to maintain a pH of 12 or
above for two hours or more in the alkaline additive-sludge mixture. The design
criteria for accomplishing adequate treatment may include:
a. Adding a controlled dosage of alkaline agents to sludge and providing uniform mixing of the sludge and agents.
b. Bringing the alkaline additive-sludge mixture pH to the design objective, such as a mixture pH of 12.5 or more and maintaining the mixture pH above 12.5 for 30 minutes or more.
c. Providing capacity to achieve a temperature of the alkaline-sludge mixture of more than 52°C, if desired, and maintaining a sufficient temperature over a measured contact period to ensure pasteurization.
d. Maintaining conditions so that the sludge is not altered or further distributed for two hours or more after alkaline treatment.
2. For Class I or Class II treatment to achieve pathogen reduction and control for beneficial uses of sewage sludge, including biosolids, the design objective shall be to meet the operational standards for pH during pasteurization, contact time, temperature, pH following pasteurization, and any other applicable requirements specified in the Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit Regulation (9VAC25-32) for the alkaline treatment.
2. 3. Multiple units shall be provided unless
nuisance-free storage or alternate stabilization methods are available to avoid
disruption to treatment works operation when units are not in service. If a
single system is provided, standby conveyance and mixers, backup heat sources,
dual blowers, etc., shall be provided as necessary. A reasonable downtime for
maintenance and repair based on data from comparable facilities shall be
included in the design. Adequate storage for process, feed, and downtime shall
be included.
3. 4. Storage facilities and chemical handling
shall be designed in accordance with this chapter. Either mechanical or
aeration agitation should be provided to ensure uniform discharge from storage
bins. Alkaline additive feeding equipment shall meet the requirements of this
chapter. Hydrated lime should be fed as a 6% to 18% Ca(OH2) slurry by weight.
Other suitable means should be developed for controlling the feed rate for dry
additives.
4. 5. The additive/sludge blending or mixing
vessel shall be large enough to hold the mixture for 30 minutes at maximum feed
rate. In a batch process, a pH greater than 12 shall be maintained in the
mixing tank during this period. In a continuous flow process, the nominal
detention time (defined as tank volume divided by volumetric input flow rate)
shall be used in design, and a pH greater than 12 shall be maintained in the
exit line. Slurry mixtures can be mixed with either diffused air or mechanical
mixers. Mixing equipment shall be designed to keep the alkaline slurry mixture
in complete suspension.
5. 6. Coarse bubble diffusers should be used for
mixing with compressed air. A minimum air supply of 20 scfm per 1,000 cubic
feet of tank volume should be provided for adequate mixing. The mixing tank
shall be adequately ventilated and odor control equipment shall be provided.
6. 7. Mechanical mixers should be sized to
provide 5 to 10 HP per 1,000 cubic feet of tank volume. Impellers should be
designed to minimize fouling with debris in the sludge.
7. 8. Pasteurization vessels shall be designed to
provide for a minimum retention period of 30 minutes. The means for provision
of external heat shall be specified.
C. Chlorine treatment. The stabilization of sludge by high doses of chlorine should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Process equipment that comes into contact with sludges that have not been neutralized after chlorine oxidation shall be constructed of acid resistant materials or coated with protective films. Caution should be exercised with recycle streams from dewatering devices or sludge drying beds which have received chlorine stabilized sludge due to the creation of potential toxic byproducts which may be detrimental to the treatment process or receiving stream.
D. Other treatment. Other processes for chemical treatment can be considered in accordance with this chapter.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-650 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-590, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-600. Sludge thickening.
A. Sludge thickening to decrease the liquid fraction should be considered for volume reduction and conditioning of sludges prior to treatment and management. Biological sludges returned to reactors should be thickened to provide for effective control of biomass. Prior to conventional treatment of biosolids, thickening should be provided to reduce volume and to condition the raw sludge flow.
B. General design. Thickener design shall provide adequate capacity to meet peak demands. Thickeners should be designed to prevent septicity during the thickening process.
1. A sludge handling bypass around the thickening process is required. Dual units or alternate storage is required for all treatment works of greater than 1 mgd capacity.
2. Thickeners shall be provided with a means of continuous return of supernatant for treatment. Provisions for side-stream treatment of supernatant should be considered.
3. Consideration should be given to any potential treatment advantages obtained from the blending of sludges from various treatment processes.
4. Odor control shall be addressed with consideration being given to flexibility of operations and changes of influent sludge characteristics.
C. Gravity systems. Clarifiers or gravity thickeners sufficiently sized for clarification will provide for thickening. However, the use of mechanical stirring devices will significantly improve the performance of gravity thickeners. Mechanical thickeners employ low speed stirring mechanisms for continuous mixing and flocculation within the zone of sludge concentration. In this manner, liquid separation is enhanced.
1. Conventional overflow rates for gravity thickeners should be in the 400-800 gpd per square foot range. The engineer shall provide the basis and calculations for the nonconventional surface loading rates. The side water depth of conventional gravity thickeners shall be a minimum of 10 feet. Circular thickeners shall have a minimum bottom slope of 1-1/2 inches per radial foot.
2. A gravity sludge thickener shall be so designed as to provide for sludge storage, if sufficient storage is unavailable within other external tankage. Sludge withdrawal from gravity thickeners should be controlled and adjusted, and variable speed pumps should be provided.
3. Gravity thickeners should be provided with bottom scraping equipment to enhance sludge removal. The scraper mechanism peripheral velocity should be in the 15 to 20 feet per minute range.
a. The scraper mechanical train shall be capable of withstanding extra heavy torque loads. The normal working torque load shall not exceed 10% of the rated torque load.
b. A method to correct blockage of the scraper mechanism and restore operation from a stalled position should be provided in accordance with the Operation and Maintenance Manual.
4. Alternative designs should be based on data obtained from a pilot plant (relatively small scale test equipment) program. Chemical addition and dilution water feed systems should be evaluated for use to optimize performance.
D. Dissolved air flotation. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) basins shall be equipped with bottom scrapers to remove settled solids and surface skimmers to remove the float established through release of pressurized air into the sludge inflow. The bottom scraper should function independently of the surface skimmer mechanism. Dissolved air flotation units should be enclosed in a building. A positive air ventilation system and odor control shall be provided.
1. Conventional design parameters include:
a. Maximum hydraulic loading rates of 2.0 gallons per minute per square foot of surface area (gal/min/sq. ft.).
b. A solids loading rate in the range of 0.4 to 1.0 pounds per hour per square foot of surface area (lb/hr/sq. ft.) without chemical addition. A solids loading rate of up to 2.5 lbs./hr./sq. ft. may be used if appropriate chemical addition is provided (9VAC25-790-860).
c. An air supply to sludge solids weight ratio in the range of 0.02 to 0.04.
2. The recycle ratio should be in the 30% to 150% range. The recycle pressurization system should utilize DAF effluent or secondary effluent if use of potable water is not available. The retention tank system shall provide a minimum pressure of 40 psig.
3. A polymer feed system shall be provided. The feed system shall meet the requirements of this chapter.
4. Alternative design should be based on data obtained from a pilot plant test program if sufficient operational performance data is not available.
5. Skimmer design shall be multiple or variable speed such as to allow normal operation in the less than one fpm range, with the capability of a speed increase to 25 fpm.
E. Mechanical separation. Filters or centrifuge can be used to thicken sludges. The process shall be preceded by pretreatment to remove material that can plug the media, nozzles or cause excessive wear.
1. Provisions for the addition of appropriate coagulants to the sludge inflow to the filter or centrifuge shall be considered.
2. The design basis and calculations for nonconventional loading rates shall be submitted for evaluation.
3. Filtrate or centrate shall be returned to the head of the primary units, aeration basins, or a separate side-stream treatment system.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-660 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-600, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
9VAC25-790-660. Sludge management.
Sludge management activities not specifically provided for
through approval of design plans and specifications shall be described in a
sludge management plan submitted by the owner to the area engineer and the DEQ
regional office for review and approval. The use or disposal of treated sewage
sludge shall be addressed through either the sludge management plan required by
the VPDES permit, or a permit issued through the Biosolids Use Regulations
(12VAC5-585) Virginia Pollution Abatement Permit Regulation (9VAC25-32)
or Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit Regulation
(9VAC25-31).
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-720 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-660, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.
Article 6
Biological Treatment
9VAC25-790-880. Land treatment.
A. Site specific information shall be submitted with the preliminary proposal in accordance with this chapter and standards contained in this chapter.
Land treatment systems shall have adequate land for pretreatment facilities, storage reservoirs, administrative and laboratory buildings, and buffer zones, as well as the application sites (field area). The availability of this land should be determined prior to any detailed site evaluation. Site availability information should be obtained concerning:
1. Availability for acquisition or acceptable control.
2. Present and future land use.
3. Public acceptance.
B. Site design. Conformance to local land use zoning and planning should be resolved between the local government and the owner. Adjacent owners should be contacted by the applicant to establish whether significant opposition to the proposed location, or locations, exists. Concerns of adjacent landowners will be considered in the evaluation of site suitability. Public meetings may be scheduled either during or after the evaluation of final design documents so that the department can discuss the technical issues concerning the system design through public participation procedures. Public hearings may be held as part of the certificate/permit issuance procedures.
1. The estimated established site size should be calculated using a typical maximum annual loading depth of 36 inches for slow rate systems and a maximum depth of 72 inches per year for high rate systems to compute the field area size. In addition, the buffer zone area should be estimated using a typical distance of 200 feet from the extremities of the field areas to adjacent property lines. This total estimated site area should be available and permission obtained to gain access to the site for field investigations.
2. When investigating a potential site for application of wastewater, there are some limiting factors, including topography, soils, and vegetative growth (crop), which shall be evaluated early to determine site suitability for a land treatment system. This evaluation should be made in two phases: a preliminary phase and a field investigation phase.
3. The preliminary phase of site evaluations should include the identification of the proposed location of the land treatment system on a recent U.S.G.S. topographic map (7.5 minute quadrangle) or acceptable reproduction or facsimile thereof. A property line survey map should also be available for use in identifying the site location or locations.
4. The 100-year flood elevation should be identified and the proposed pretreatment unit processes should be roughly located in relation to elevation.
5. Preliminary soils information should include a soil site suitability map and include information to identify soil textures, grades, drainage, erosion potential, suitability for certain crops, etc. Information on soil characteristics may be available from either the National Resources Conservation Service (NRS) Office, the local Cooperative Extension Service Agent, or the Soil and Water Conservation Nutrient Management Specialist.
6. The field area available for effluent application may be estimated using typical criteria based on topography and soil characteristics. Field areas should be delineated on topographic maps of the proposed land treatment site.
7. The land treatment system design consultant should arrange a Preliminary Engineering Conference (PEC), as described in this chapter, as a final step in the preliminary phase of the site evaluation. The requirements for soil borings and backhoe pits as needed to study soils should be established at the PEC. A site visit should be scheduled at the PEC that involves the appropriate regulatory personnel and the owner and design consultant.
8. The land treatment system design consultant may not wish to conduct detailed field investigations of site topography, hydrology and soil characteristics prior to the site visit by regulatory personnel and their advisors. However, the proposed locations of field areas and pretreatment units should be established and identified during the site visit. The location of any existing soil borings, backhoe pits, springs, wells, etc., should also be identified during the site visit. Soil borings and backhoe pits may be excavated prior to, during and following the site visit as required. The requirements for soil permeability and hydraulic conductivity testing should be developed either during or shortly after the site visit.
9. Applicants for development of all land treatment systems shall be required to submit at least the minimum required information as required for the appropriate certificate/permit to be issued.
C. Site features. The soil at a potential site should be
identified in terms of its absorption capacity and crop production
classification, which is a function of physical and chemical characteristics.
Important physical characteristics include texture, structure and soil depth.
Chemical characteristics that may be important include pH, ion exchange
capacity, nutrient levels, and organic fraction. The absorption capacity of a
soil may be directly related to soil texture and structure. Soil color may
provide an indication of the movement of moisture through soil. Hydraulic
conductivity may be estimated from in-field tests using acceptable
infiltrometer devices. In addition, the absorption characteristics of a soil
may be related to its hydraulic conductivity as measured by both in situ and
laboratory tests using acceptable procedures (Table 9). The conductivity tests
should be conducted in the most restrictive layer within the depth affected by
the land application system. Soil productivity and nutrient management characteristics
are discussed in the Biosolids Use Regulations (12VAC5-585) Virginia
Pollution Abatement Permit Regulation (9VAC25-32).
1. Soil evaluation for a land treatment system should follow a systematic approach of selecting proper locations for borings or excavations based on topographic position, slopes and drainage. The physical characteristics of site soils should then be verified by an acceptable number of recorded observations that include soil depth to horizon changes, restrictive layers and parent material, color, texture and structure, for borings or excavations to a minimum depth of five feet.
2. If the soil characteristics differ substantially between borings or excavations, without a logical technical reason for the variation, then additional boring and excavation locations should be studied to identify the nature and extent of the changes in soil patterns throughout the proposed site.
3. The soil characteristics of the proposed site should be described by a qualified technical specialist knowledgeable in the principles of soil science, agronomy, and nutrient management. The long-term impact of land application of the treated effluent on site soils and vegetation or crops must be evaluated by the land treatment system design consultant. Certain minimum soil depths are required for approval of a land application site. The minimum required depth for field areas will depend on the type of land application system as well as the soil characteristics.
4. Representative soil samples shall be collected for each major soil type identified by the field investigation and analyzed for certain parameters in accordance with this chapter.
5. Detailed information on the geologic conditions of the proposed site shall be provided by a geologist or other technical specialist, or specialists, knowledgeable in geohydrologic principles.
a. Detailed information on the site hydrology and groundwater shall be provided by a geologist, hydrologist or other technical specialist, or specialists, knowledgeable in hydrologic principles and ground water hydrology.
b. The depth to the permanent ground water table below the site shall be determined. The location, depth and extent of perched water tables as well as the estimated seasonal fluctuations shall be established. The effect of the permanent and seasonal water tables on performance of the particular land treatment system shall be evaluated by the design consultant.
c. The characteristics of ground water movement under the proposed site should be established and evaluated using piezometer installations or other acceptable methods. The potential impact of the land treatment system on aquifer hydraulics and water quality shall be predicted through the use of modeling and appropriate monitoring devices.
d. The present and planned uses of the aquifer(s) identified as affected by the land treatment system should be determined by the consultant.
D. Land treatment methods. The following methods, or combinations thereof, as regulated by the appropriate permit or certificate, are considered conventional technology in accordance with this chapter:
1. Irrigation - slow rate. Wastewater may be applied by spraying, flooding, or ridge and furrow methods. Irrigation methods are designed not to discharge to surface waters.
2. Rapid infiltration. Wastewater may be applied by spreading and spraying. The system shall be designed to meet all certificate/permit requirements and groundwater standards.
3. Overland flow. This method of wastewater renovation is best suited for soils with low permeability. Generally, a permit or certificate for a discharge to surface waters must be issued.
E. Other alternatives. Natural treatment systems such as aquatic ponds, constructed wetlands and biological/plant filters and other aquatic plant systems are somewhat related to land treatment technology. Natural treatment involves the use of plants in a constructed but relatively natural environment for the purpose of achieving treatment objectives. The major difference between nonconventional natural and conventional treatment systems is that conventional systems typically use a highly managed and controlled environment for the rapid treatment of the wastewater. In contrast, nonconventional natural systems use a comparatively unmanaged environment in which treatment occurs at a slower rate.
1. The use of natural treatment as a part of a land treatment system may take several forms including ponds called "Aquatic Processing Units" (APU). Floating plants such as water hyacinths and duckweed are often used in APU treatment.
2. Constructed wetlands are defined as areas where the wastewater surface is controlled near (subsurface flow) or above (free water surface) a soil or media surface for long enough each year to maintain saturated conditions and the growth of related vegetation such as cattails, rushes, and reeds.
3. Constructed wetlands must provide for groundwater protection and may be used to provide additional treatment to primary, secondary, or highly treated effluents prior to final discharge.
4. Natural (existing) wetlands are considered as state waters and any discharge to them shall be regulated in accordance with an issued discharge permit or certificate.
F. Features. Biological treatment that will produce an effluent either with a maximum BOD5 of 60 mg/l or less, or be of such quality that can be adequately disinfected, if necessary, shall be provided prior to natural treatment, including use of conventional unit operations prior to the land application of treated effluent and advanced treatment prior to reuse.
Disinfection may be required following or prior to land application and other natural treatment. If spray irrigation equipment is utilized, adequate aerosol management including pre-disinfection shall be provided.
Buffer zones around field areas shall be provided in accordance with the monitored maximum microbiological content of the applied effluent as follows, with no reduction in required minimum distances to water sources and channels:
Fecal Coliform Count (1) |
Minimum Buffer Distance, Feet |
(No./100 mls) |
|
200 or less |
200 (2) |
23 or less |
50 (3) |
2.2 or less |
None, but no application during occupation of field area (3) |
Notes: |
|
(1) Exceeded by no more than 10% or less of samples tested. |
|
(2) No public use of field areas. |
|
(3) Transient public use may occur after a three-hour drying period following application. |
1. The owner shall provide sufficient holding time to store all flow during periods either when crop nutrient uptake is limited or nonexistent, the ground is frozen, surface saturation occurs during wet weather, the ground is covered with snow, or the irrigation site or field areas cannot otherwise be operated. The total volume of holding required shall be based on the storage necessary to provide for climatic conditions and the nutrient management requirements of the field area crop. Operational storage necessary for system maintenance shall be provided. Climatic holding periods shall be based on the most adverse conditions of freezing and precipitation, as taken from accurate recorded historical data that are available for the local area (in no case less than 25 years). The storage volume shall be sufficient to prevent any unpermitted discharges to state waters.
2. A minimum holding period of 120 days shall be required when climatic data is not available. System backup storage shall be determined by the complexity of the entire treatment system. An increase or reduction of minimum storage may be considered on a case-by-case basis based on adequate documentation of agronomic crop production and nutrient utilization.
3. The depth of the volume containment for total storage requirements shall be measured above any minimum depth requirements for maintenance.
4. The owner shall provide a minimum reserve area equivalent in size to 25% of the design field area. Additional reserve area may be required as evaluated by the division, if the general conditions of the field area are deemed marginal or in proximity of critical areas or waters. The reserve area shall be capable of being used as a functional area within 30 days of notice.
5. Some allowance for a reduced reserve shall be allowed if additional storage is provided or if there is an alternate treatment mode (e.g., discharge) that can be utilized by the facility.
6. Design criteria for treatment or storage ponds shall be in accordance with this chapter and standards contained in this chapter. In addition, the following requirements shall be met:
a. A minimum operational water depth shall be maintained.
b. Provisions shall be made to allow complete drainage of the pond for maintenance.
c. Duplicate pumps shall be provided if necessary to transport pond flows, with the capacity of each pump sized to handle the maximum rate of flow plus an allowance to deplete stored volumes.
d. Disinfection may be provided either upstream from ponds, or the pond effluent may require disinfection.
e. When chlorination is utilized to disinfect pumped flows, the detention time of the holding pond chlorination facilities shall provide a minimum of 30 minutes of contact time, based on the maximum design pumping rate in accordance with this chapter and standards contained in this chapter.
G. Design loadings. Loading rates shall be based on the most critical value as determined by the liquid and nutrient application rates, or total application amounts for other constituents (such as boron, salts, pH-alkalinity, copper or sodium, etc.), present in such concentrations as could produce pollution of either the soil, cover crop, or water quality. Total weekly application (precipitation plus liquid loading rate) shall not exceed two times the design loading rate. This higher than conventional loading rate shall be used only to balance seasonal water deficits, and groundwater quality standards shall not be exceeded unless a variance to the violated standard has been approved by the State Water Control Board.
1. An overall water balance shall be investigated in accordance with one of the following equations based on design criteria:
a. Irrigation or infiltration
design precipitation + effluent applied = evapotranspiration + hydraulic conductivity.
b. Overland flow
design precipitation + effluent applied = evapotranspiration + hydraulic conductivity + runoff.
2. Design precipitation shall be the wettest year for a 10-year period (return frequency of one year in 10). Minimum time period for this analysis should be 25 years. Average monthly distribution (average percentage of the total annual precipitation that occurs in each month) shall be assumed.
3. Design evapotranspiration (monthly) shall be 75% of average monthly pan evaporation values collected at official weather stations within or contiguous to the Commonwealth of Virginia and should be representative (similar geographically and climatological) of the proposed site.
4. Design hydraulic conductivity shall be a given percentage (see Table 9) of respective laboratory and field measurements that yield the rate at which water passes through the soil under presoaked conditions.
The test methodology should be in accordance with current published procedures made available to the department.
TABLE 9. DESIGN HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY |
|
Type of Test |
Percent of minimum measured value to be used in design |
i. Saturated Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity |
7 |
ii. Basin Infiltration |
12.5 |
iii. Cylinder Infiltrometers |
3 |
iv. Air Entry Permeameter |
3 |
v. (Other--to be evaluated by the department) |
|
5. During periods of application, the applied nitrogen shall be accounted for through (i) crop uptake and harvest; (ii) denitrification; (iii) addition to surface water and ground water, or storage in soil. In winter, site loadings for slow rate systems shall not exceed the hydraulic design for those particular months. Winter application of treated effluent may be provided only (i) to cool season grasses (ii) following three consecutive days of minimum daily temperatures in excess of 25°F and maximum in excess of 40°F.
6. The annual liquid loading depth for plant nitrogen requirements shall be determined by the following equation:
L = N/2.7C
Where: |
N = Crop nitrogen uptake, lb/acre/yr. |
C = Total nitrogen concentration, mg/l |
C = TKN + NO2-N + NO3-N |
L = Annual liquid loadings depth, ft/yr. |
TKN = Total KJELDAHL nitrogen = organic N + NHå3ç - N |
7. The monthly nitrogen loading rate design should be distributed over the growth cycle of the particular crop, as much as practicable.
8. If other nutrients, organics, or trace elements are present in concentrations critical to either crops, soil, or water quality, then a total mass balance similar to that for nitrogen shall be investigated for each critical element or compound.
9. The land application design average rate shall be determined by the climatic conditions, selected crops, and soil characteristics. However, the maximum application rates in terms of depth of effluent applied to the field area shall be as follows:
a. One-fourth inch per hour.
b. One inch per day.
c. Two inches per week (one inch per week in forest field areas used for year round application).
H. Field area design. Field area is defined as the area of land where renovation of wastewater takes place (area under actual spray or distribution pattern). The field area shall be designed to satisfy the most critical loading parameter (i.e., annual liquid loading depth) according to the following equation:
Field Area (acres) = Q/Dá*ã365/(365-S) |
Where: Q = Wastewater flow in (acre-inches/week) |
D = Applied depth in inches/week |
S = Minimum required storage capacity + annual resting periods during the application season when no waste can be land applied. |
1. The minimum storage capacity shall be the average design volume of flow accumulated over a period of 60 days, unless other storage periods are justified by climatic data. It should be noted that the field area equation does not take into consideration the area needed for reserve capacity or future expansion (no less than 25% of design field area).
2. The field area shall be divided into smaller sections for application to allow for rotational use of these sections. Rotational operation shall be designed to provide the maximum resting periods for field areas. The distribution system shall be designed to meet the requirement for alternating application to the field area sections. Minimum resting periods shall be two days, one day and two weeks for irrigation, overland flow and infiltration-percolation, respectively. Maximum wetting period shall not exceed five days, one week, and one day respectively for irrigation, infiltration-percolation, and overland flow, respectively. Resting and wetting periods depend on soil types, climatic conditions, harvesting requirements, etc.
3. The field area or areas shall be adequately enclosed with suitable fencing to prevent access to livestock and the public where necessary. Signs shall be posted at sufficient intervals (100 to 300 feet) around the entire perimeter of field areas to identify the land treatment operation and specify access precautions.
4. A groundwater monitoring system shall be provided in accordance with the permit or certificate requirements. A minimum of one upgradient and two downgradient monitoring wells shall be provided. The well locations, along with typical well construction specifications, shall be submitted with the proposal. Upon installation, the driller''s log shall be submitted. Additional monitoring well locations may be required if deemed necessary upon evaluation of monitoring data. The results of any required sampling and testing of groundwater shall be submitted to the department for evaluation in accordance with the operating permit.
5. Representative agriculturally related soil tests are required on crop dependent systems to ensure adequate vegetative cover. The growing and maintaining of a vegetative cover on application sites is a very integral part of the system. The plants prevent soil erosion and utilize nutrients and water. The system design should provide for a proper balance between applied amounts of water and nutrients. The designer may wish to consult with both agronomic and nutrient management specialists on these matters. The design shall address crop and nutrient management.
6. The wastewater application schedule should be worked around the plans for harvesting. A minimum of 30 days shall be required between the last day of application and utilization of all crops. Crops that will be consumed raw by man shall not be grown in land application field areas.
7. Information on the proposed crops and their intended use may be forwarded to the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services for evaluation.
I. Low intensity design. The low intensity application or irrigation field area should be as flat as possible with maximum slopes of 5.0% or less. The design of low intensity irrigation of treated effluent shall provide for nutrient management control. When it is necessary to locate field areas on slopes of eight to 12%, special precautions shall be taken to prevent seepage or runoff of sewage effluent to nearby streams. Dikes or terraces can be provided for field areas, together with runoff collection and return pumping equipment. The maximum field area slope should be 12%. The irrigation field area shall be located a minimum distance of 50 feet from all surface waters.
1. Five feet of well-drained loamy soils are preferred. The minimum soil depth to unconsolidated rock should be three feet. The hydraulic conductivity should be between 0.2-6 inches/hour.
2. The minimum depth to the permanent water table should be five feet. The minimum depth to the seasonal water table should be three feet. Where the permanent water table is less than five feet and the seasonal water table is less than three feet, the field area application rate shall be designed to prevent surface saturation. In addition, underdrain and groundwater pumping equipment may be required.
3. The method of applying the liquid to the field shall be designed to best suit prevailing topographic, climatic, and soil conditions. Two methods of application are:
a. Sprinkler systems with low trajectory nozzles or sprinkler heads to uniformly distribute the applied effluent across a specified portion of the field area. Application is to be restricted in high winds that adversely affect the efficiency of distribution and spread aerosol mists beyond the field areas.
b. Ditch irrigation systems that utilize gravity flow of effluent through ditches or furrows, from which effluent percolates into the soil. For uniformity of distribution, the slope of the field area is to be uniform and constant.
4. The height of spray nozzles, pressure at the spray nozzles and spacing of the laterals shall be adequate to provide uniform distribution of the effluent over the field area. The design height and pressure of the spray nozzles shall avoid damage to vegetation and soil.
5. Adequate provisions shall be made to prevent freezing and corrosion of spray nozzles and distribution lines when the system or a section of the system is not in operation.
6. Appropriate vegetation shall be maintained uniformly on all field areas. Usually water tolerant grasses with high nitrogen uptakes are used. Over seeding with cool season grasses may be necessary during the fall season, prior to October 15 of each year. Silviculture sites and reuse irrigation sites may also be used with this type of land treatment.
J. Rapid infiltration. This form of treatment requires the least amount of land. Renovation is achieved by natural, physical, chemical, and biological processes as the applied effluent moves through the soil. Effluent is allowed to infiltrate the soil at a relatively high rate, requiring a field area with coarse grained soils. This system is designed for three main purposes (i) ground water recharge; (ii) recovery of renovated water using wells or underdrains with subsequent reuse, or (iii) discharge and recharge of surface streams by interception of ground water.
1. Five feet of sand or loamy sand is preferred. Soil grain size should be greater than.05 mm in size. The hydraulic conductivity should be greater than two inches/hour.
2. The permanent ground water table shall be a minimum of 15 feet below the land surface. With this method, a recharge mound is not uncommon and shall be properly evaluated by the consultant. A minimum distance of 10 feet should be maintained between the land surface and the apex of the recharge mound (during a worse-case situation). Lesser depths may be acceptable where under drainage is provided.
3. Spreading and spraying are the two main application techniques that are suitable for infiltration-percolation.
4. Design application rates will vary according to the site area, soil, geology, and hydrology characteristics.
5. The buffer distances from extremities of field areas to private wells should be at least 400 feet.
K. Overland flow. Renovation of wastewater is accomplished by physical, chemical, and biological means as applied effluent flows through vegetation on a relatively impermeable sloped surface. Wastewater is sprayed or flooded over the upper reaches of the slope and a percentage of the treated water is collected as runoff at the bottom of the slope, with the remainder lost to evapotranspiration and percolation. Overland systems should be capable of producing effluent at or below secondary level; however, additional treatment units may be needed to achieve the permitted effluent limitations.
1. Soils should have minimal infiltration capacity, such as heavy clays, clay loams or soils underlain by impermeable lenses. The restrictive layers in the soil should be between one to two feet from the surface to maintain adequate vegetation. The hydraulic conductivity should be less than 0.2 inches/hour. Field area slopes shall be less than 8.0%. Monitoring wells shall be provided.
2. Renovated water shall be collected at the toe of the slope in cut off ditches or by similar means and channeled to a monitoring point and disinfected as required.
3. The effluent application method should achieve a sheet flow pattern that will produce maximum contact between the applied wastewater and the soil medium. This can be accomplished by lateral distribution methods, low pressure sprays and moderate to high pressure impact sprinklers discharging onto porous pads or aprons designed to distribute the applied flow while preventing erosion. Maximum application rates in terms of depth of effluent should be less than 10 inches per week.
4. Perennial field area vegetation shall be required. Hydrophilic or water tolerant grasses are usually grown with this type of system.
L. Alternative design. Information submitted for approval of other natural treatment systems and reuse alternatives shall include performance data obtained from either full-scale systems similar to the proposed design, or pilot studies conducted over a testing period exceeding one year, to a period of two years, based on test results.
Special consideration should be given to the following factors in planning and design of natural systems:
1. Many aquatic plants are sensitive to cold temperatures and may require the use of a protected environment or operation on a seasonal basis. Some plants may be considered unacceptable for use and their growth must be controlled.
2. Control of insects, particularly mosquitoes, is normally required for constructed wetlands and aquatic plant systems. The use of mosquito-eating fish and water depth adjustments are recommended.
3. Some constituents which may be present in wastewaters, particularly those having high industrial loads, are toxic to many aquatic plants. Therefore, tests should be conducted to identify possible toxics prior to selection of the aquatic plant species.
4. Natural systems utilize a higher life form of less diversity than found in more conventional biological treatment systems. This lack of biological diversity may reduce treatment performance. Constructed wetland and aquatic plant systems could be more susceptible to long term process upsets. Therefore, the effects of fluctuations in climate and wastewater characteristics is extremely important in the design of natural systems.
5. Some aquatic plant and animal species have the potential to create a nuisance condition if inadvertently released to natural waterways. Federal, state and local restrictions on the use of certain aquatic plants and animals shall be considered.
6. Harvesting and the use or disposal of aquatic plants should result in removal of organics, solids and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous from the APU effluent. Management of residual matter shall be in accordance with this chapter and standards contained in this chapter.
Statutory Authority
§62.1-44.19 15 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Former 12VAC5-581-940 derived from Virginia Register Volume 18, Issue 10, eff. February 27, 2002; amended and adopted as 9VAC25-790-880, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004.
Amended, Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 6, eff. January 1, 2008.