9VAC20-160-10. Definitions.

The following words and terms when used in this chapter shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

"Applicant" means a person who has applied to the program but is not a participant.

"Authorized agent" means any person who is authorized in writing to fulfill the requirements of this program.

"Carcinogen" means a chemical classification for the purpose of risk assessment as an agent that is known or suspected to cause cancer in humans, including but not limited to a known or likely human carcinogen or a probable or possible human carcinogen under an EPA weight-of-evidence classification system.

"Certificate" means a written certification of satisfactory completion of remediation issued by the department pursuant to § 10.1-1232 of the Code of Virginia.

"Completion" means fulfillment of the commitment agreed to by the participant as part of this program.

"Contaminant" means any man-made or man-induced alteration of the chemical, physical or biological integrity of soils, sediments, air and surface water or groundwater including, but not limited to, such alterations caused by any hazardous substance (as defined in the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 42 USC § 9601(14)), hazardous waste (as defined in 9VAC20-60), solid waste (as defined in 9VAC20-81), petroleum (as defined in Articles 9 (§ 62.1-44.34:8 et seq.) and 11 (§ 62.1-44.34:14 et seq.)) of the Virginia State Water Control Law, or natural gas.

"Cost of remediation" means all costs incurred by the participant pursuant to activities necessary for completion of voluntary remediation at the site, based on an estimate of the net present value (NPV) of the combined costs of the site investigation, report development, remedial system installation, operation and maintenance, and all other costs associated with participating in the program and addressing the contaminants of concern at the site.

"Department" means the Department of Environmental Quality of the Commonwealth of Virginia or its successor agency.

"Engineering controls" means physical modification to a site or facility to reduce or eliminate potential for exposure to contaminants. These include, but are not limited to, stormwater conveyance systems, pump and treat systems, slurry walls, vapor mitigation systems, liner systems, caps, monitoring systems, and leachate collection systems.

"Environmental covenant" means a servitude arising under an environmental response project that imposes activity and use limitations pursuant to the Uniform Environmental Covenants Act (§ 10.1-1238 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).

"Hazard index (HI)" means the sum of more than one hazard quotient for multiple contaminants or multiple exposure pathways or both. The HI is calculated separately for chronic, subchronic, and shorter duration exposures.

"Hazard quotient" means the ratio of a single contaminant exposure level over a specified time period to a reference dose for that contaminant derived from a similar period.

"Incremental upper-bound lifetime cancer risk" means a conservative estimate of the incremental probability of an individual developing cancer over a lifetime as a result of exposure to the potential carcinogen. Upper-bound lifetime cancer risk is likely to overestimate "true risk."

"Institutional controls" means legal or contractual restrictions on property use that remain effective after remediation is completed and are used to reduce or eliminate the potential for exposure to contaminants. The term may include, but is not limited to, deed, land use, and water use restrictions and environmental covenants.

"Land use controls" means legal or physical restrictions on the use of, or access to, a site to reduce or eliminate potential for exposure to contaminants or prevent activities that could interfere with the effectiveness of remediation. Land use controls include but are not limited to engineering and institutional controls.

"Monitored natural attenuation" means a remediation process that monitors the natural or enhanced attenuation process.

"Natural attenuation" means the processes by which contaminants break down naturally in the environment. Natural attenuation processes include a variety of physical, chemical, or biological processes that, under favorable conditions, act without human intervention to reduce the mass, toxicity, mobility, volume, or concentrations of contaminants in soil or groundwater.

"Noncarcinogen" means a chemical classification for the purposes of risk assessment as an agent for which there is either inadequate toxicological data or is not likely to be a carcinogen based on an EPA weight-of-evidence classification system.

"Owner" means any person currently owning or holding legal or equitable title or possessory interest in a property, including the Commonwealth of Virginia, or a political subdivision thereof, including title or control of a property conveyed due to bankruptcy, foreclosure, tax delinquency, abandonment, or similar means.

"Participant" means a person who has received confirmation of eligibility and has remitted payment of the phase 2 registration fee.

"Person" means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, a governmental body, a municipal corporation, or any other legal entity.

"Post-certificate monitoring" means monitoring of environmental or site conditions stipulated as a condition of issuance of the certificate.

"Program" means the Virginia Voluntary Remediation Program.

"Property" means a parcel of land defined by the boundaries in the deed.

"Reference dose" means an estimate of a daily exposure level for the human population, including sensitive subpopulations, that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime.

"Registration fee" means the fee fees paid to apply for, obtain eligibility for, enroll in, and participate in the Voluntary Remediation Program, based on 1.0% of the total cost of remediation at a site, not to exceed the statutory maximum.

"Release" means any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing of any contaminant into the environment.

"Remediation" means actions taken to clean up, mitigate, correct, abate, minimize, eliminate, control, contain, or prevent a release of a contaminant into the environment in order to protect human health and the environment. Remediation may include, when appropriate and approved by the department, land use controls, natural attenuation, and monitored natural attenuation.

"Remediation level" means the concentration of a contaminant with applicable land use controls that is protective of human health and the environment.

"Restricted use" means any use other than residential.

"Risk" means the probability that a contaminant will cause an adverse effect in exposed humans or to the environment.

"Risk assessment" means the process used to determine the risk posed by contaminants released into the environment. Elements include identification of the contaminants present in the environmental media, assessment of exposure and exposure pathways, assessment of the toxicity of the contaminants present at the site, characterization of human health risks, and characterization of the impacts or risks to the environment.

"Site" means any property or portion thereof, as agreed to and defined by the participant and the department, which contains or may contain contaminants being addressed under this program.

"Termination" means the formal discontinuation of participation in the Voluntary Remediation Program without obtaining a certificate.

"Unrestricted use" means the designation of acceptable future use for a site at which the remediation levels, based on either background or standard residential exposure factors, have been attained throughout the site in all media.

9VAC20-160-55. Registration fees for applications received prior to January 29, 2014.

A. For applicants that submitted an application that was received by the department prior to January 29, 2014, the registration fee submitted and any registration fee refund sought shall be in accordance with the requirements of this section. On and after July 1, 2014, any addition of acreage to a site participating in the program based upon an application subject to registration fees under this section shall require a new application for the additional acreage, which shall be subject to registration fees pursuant to the requirements of 9VAC20-160-65.

B. The registration fee shall be at least 1.0% of the actual cost of the remediation at the site, not to exceed $5000. To determine the appropriate registration fee, the applicant shall provide an estimate of the anticipated total cost of remediation and remit that amount. Or as an alternative to providing an estimate, the applicant may elect to pay the maximum registration fee.

C. If the participant did not elect to remit the maximum registration fee, the participant shall provide the department with the actual total cost of the remediation prior to issuance of a certificate. The department shall calculate any balance adjustments to be made to the initial registration fee. Any negative balance owed to the department shall be paid by the participant prior to the issuance of a certificate. Any overpayment to be refunded to the participant shall be remitted by the department with issuance of the certificate.

D. If the participant elected to remit the maximum registration fee and an overpayment has been made, the department shall refund any balance owed to the participant after receiving the actual total cost of remediation.  If no remedial cost summary is provided to the department within 60 days of the participant's receipt of the certificate, the participant will have waived the right to a refund.

9VAC20-160-60. Registration fee fees for applications received on or after January 29, 2014 and prior to July 1, 2014.

A. In accordance with § 10.1-1232 A 5 of the Code of Virginia, the applicant shall submit a registration fee to defray the cost of the program. For applicants submitting an application that is received by the department on or after January 29, 2014 and  prior to July 1, 2014, the registration fee submitted and any registration fee refund sought shall be in accordance with the requirements of this section. On and after July 1, 2014, any addition of acreage to a site participating in the program based upon an application subject to registration fees under this section shall require a new application for the additional acreage, which shall be subject to registration fees pursuant to the requirements of 9VAC20-160-65.

B. The preliminary registration fee shall be $5,000. Payment shall be required after eligibility has been verified by the department and prior to technical review of submittals pursuant to 9VAC20-160-80. Payment shall be made payable to the Commonwealth of Virginia and remitted to Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, P.O. Box 1104, Receipts Control, Richmond, VA 23218.

C. Failure to remit the required registration fee within 90 days of the date of eligibility determination shall result in the loss of eligibility status of the applicant. The applicant must reestablish his eligibility for participation in the program and the eligibility of the site, unless the department agrees to extend the period for remitting the registration fee. Once eligibility is lost for failure to remit the registration fee pursuant to this subsection, the applicant shall submit a new application in order to reestablish his eligibility for participation in the program and the eligibility of the site and shall be subject to the registration fees under the provisions of 9VAC20-160-65.

D. Upon completion of remediation and issuance of the certificate pursuant to 9VAC20-160-110, the participant whose final cost of remediation is less than $500,000 may seek a refund of a portion of the preliminary registration fee. The refund amount shall be reconciled as the difference between the preliminary registration fee and the final registration fee amounts.

1. In order to receive a refund, the participant shall provide the department with a summary of the final cost of remediation within 60 days of issuance of a certificate. The final registration fee amount for such projects shall be calculated as 1.0% of the final cost of remediation. The department shall review the summary, calculate the refund amount due, and issue a refund to the participant.

2. If no summary of the final cost of remediation is provided to the department within 60 days of issuance of the certificate, the final registration fee amount shall be equal to the preliminary registration fee amount, and no portion of the preliminary registration fee shall be refunded.

3. Concurrence with the summary of the final cost of remediation does not constitute department verification of the actual cost incurred.

E. No portion of the preliminary registration fee will be refunded if participation is terminated pursuant to the provisions of 9VAC20-160-100.

9VAC20-160-65. Registration fees for applications received on or after July 1, 2014.

A. In accordance with § 10.1-1232 A 5 of the Code of Virginia, the applicant shall submit a registration fee to defray the cost of the program. For applications received by the department on and after July 1, 2014, the registration fee shall be remitted in three phases as required by this section.

B. Phase 1 of the registration fee shall be an application fee in the amount of $2,000.

1. Payment of a phase 1 registration fee is required for each application received by the department on or after July 1, 2014.

2. The phase 1 registration fee is due when the application is submitted and shall be made payable to the Treasurer of Virginia. 

3. The phase 1 registration fee shall be submitted separately from the application package and remitted to Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, P.O. Box 1104, Receipts Control, Richmond, VA 23218.

4. An application is not administratively complete until the phase 1 registration fee is received by the department.  Review of an application for eligibility in accordance with 9VAC20-160-20 and 9VAC20-160-30 shall not commence until the application is administratively complete.

C. Phase 2 of the registration fee shall be an eligibility fee in the amount of $7,500.

1. Payment of the phase 2 registration fee shall be required after eligibility has been verified by the department and prior to technical review of submittals pursuant to 9VAC20-160-80.  Upon receipt of the phase 2 registration fee the site and applicant shall be considered by the department to be participating in the program.

a. A phase 2 registration fee shall be required from the applicant for each site that has been determined to be eligible for participation in the program based upon an application received by the Department on or after July 1, 2014.

b. A separate phase 2 registration fee is required for each section of a phased remediation project that requires a separate eligibility determination or requires a separate Certificate issued for that section pursuant to 9VAC20-160-110.

c. No phase 2 registration fee shall be required for a site that has been determined to be eligible for participation in the program based upon an application received by the Department prior to July 1, 2014.

2. Payments of phase 2 registration fees shall be made payable to the Treasurer of Virginia, shall include the VRP ID number assigned by the department,  and shall be remitted to Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, P.O. Box 1104, Receipts Control, Richmond, VA 23218. The phase 2 registration fees shall be remitted to the department within 90 days after date of the eligibility determination unless the department agrees to extend the period for remitting the phase 2 registration fee.

3. Failure to remit the required phase 2 registration fee in accordance with subdivision 2 of this subsection within 90 days after the date of eligibility determination shall result in the loss of eligibility status of the applicant and the site. After such loss of eligibility, the applicant must reestablish eligibility in order to participate in the program.

a. The Department shall mail notification of nonpayment of the phase 2 registration fee and pending loss of eligibility at least 30 days prior to loss of the applicant's (and the site's) eligibility.

b. If eligibility is lost as a result of failure to remit a phase 2 registration fee, the applicant shall pay new phase 1 and phase 2 registration fees as part of reestablishing eligibility.

D. Phase 3 of the registration fee shall be an annual program cost defrayment fee in the amount of $4,500. If a site has been determined to be eligible for participation in the Voluntary Remediation Program based upon an application received by the Department on or after July 1, 2014 and is participating in the Voluntary Remediation Program, a phase 3 registration fee shall be assessed for that site as follows:

1. On November 1 of each calendar year, any site participating in the program on that day shall be assessed a phase 3 registration fee if the application on which the eligibility determination was based was received by the Department in a calendar year prior to that year. For example:

a. Any site participating in the program on November 1, 2015 based upon an application that had been received by the Department in calendar year 2014 (on or after July 1, 2014) will be assessed a phase 3 registration fee and will be billed for that assessment on March 1, 2016.

b. Any eligible site participating in the program on November 1, 2017 based upon an application that had been received by the Department in calendar years 2014 (on or after July 1, 2014), 2015, or 2016 will be assessed a phase 3 registration fee to be billed on March 1, 2018.

c. Sites that are not participating in the program including sites that have not yet been determined to be eligible to participate in the program, sites that have had a Certificate issued pursuant to 9VAC20-160-110 prior to November 1^st, and sites that have been terminated from participation in the program pursuant to 9VAC20-160-100 prior to November 1^st, are not subject to a phase 3 registration fee assessment for that calendar year and will not be billed on March 1 of the following year.

2. The phase 3 registration fee is not prorated for participation in the program for portions of calendar years.

3. The phase 3 registration fee assessed for an eligible site shall be billed to the applicant on March 1^st of the calendar year following the November 1^st assessment.

4. The assessed phase 3 registration fee is due on April 1 of the billing year and shall be made payable to the Treasurer of Virginia, shall include the VRP ID number assigned by the department, and shall be remitted to Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, P.O. Box 1104, Receipts Control, Richmond, VA 23218.

5. The phase 3 registration fees shall be remitted to the department by the due date specified in subdivision 4 of this subsection unless extended by the department.

a. Failure to remit a required phase 3 registration fee within 30 days of the due date shall be cause for termination from the program in accordance with 9VAC20-160-100 A 4.

b. The department shall mail notification of nonpayment of the phase 3 registration fee and intent to terminate participation in accordance with 9VAC20-160-100 to the participant at least 30 days prior to termination.

6. No phase 3 registration fee shall be assessed for a site participating in the program based upon an application received by the department prior to July 1, 2014.

7. Any assessed phase 3 fees shall be remitted to the department before a certificate is issued.

E. The total amount of fees collected by the board shall defray the actual reasonable costs of the program.  The director shall take whatever action is necessary to ensure that this limit is not exceeded.

F. No portion of Voluntary Remediation Program registration fees collected pursuant to this section shall be refunded.

G. If a site has been terminated from the program in accordance with 9VAC20-160-100, a new application shall be submitted before the site will be considered for a new eligibility determination and reenrollment into the program. The applicant shall also remit new phase 1 and phase 2 registration fees in accordance with this section and no monetary credit will be given for any fees submitted prior to termination.

H.  Amendments to a site's certificate or the associated declaration of restrictive covenants issued by the department pursuant to 9VAC20-160-110 shall be subject to registration fees based on the amendments requested. The land owner shall submit a certificate amendment request to the department describing the changes being requested. The department will review the request and notify the land owner of any additional information required and the amount of the registration fee to be remitted as follows:

1. For amendments to the certificate or the associated declaration of restrictive covenants not requiring a technical review by the department, only a phase 1 registration fee shall be required.

2. For amendment requests that require technical review by the department, no phase 1 registration fee shall be required, but a reduced phase 2 registration fee in the amount of $4,500 shall be required. In the event that the amendment request also meets the phase 3 registration fee criteria in subsection D of this section based upon the date that the department received the amendment request being the date of the application for such purpose, phase 3 registration fees shall also be billed and remitted.

I.  For a site that has been determined to be eligible for participation in the program based upon an application received by the Department prior to July 1, 2014, a request to change the participant for such site received by the Department on or after July 1, 2014, or the Department making such change, will not in and of itself subject the site to the fees under this section.

9VAC20-160-100. Termination.

A. Participation in the program shall be terminated:

1. When evaluation of new information obtained during participation in the program results in a determination by the department that the site is ineligible or that a participant has taken an action to render the site ineligible for participation in the program. If such a determination is made, the department shall notify the participant that participation has been terminated and provide an explanation of the reasons for the determination. Within 30 days, the participant may submit additional information, or accept the department's determination.

2. Upon 30 days written notice of withdrawal by the participant.

3. Upon the participant's failure to make reasonable progress towards completion of the program, as determined by the department, and the participant's subsequent failure to respond appropriately within 30 days to the department's written request for an update of program-related activities and a projected timeline to fulfill the program requirements.

4. Upon failure to submit required registration fees in accordance with 9VAC20-160-55 (for applications received prior to January 29, 2014), 9VAC20-160-60 (for applications received on or after January 29, 2014 and prior to July 1, 2014) or 9VAC20-160-65 (for applications received on or after July 1, 2014).  The department shall mail notification of the department's intent to terminate participation in the program to the participant at least 30 days prior to terminating the site's participation in the program. If the participant fails to remit the required fee within 30 days of the date of such notification, the site's participation in the program shall be terminated. The department reserves the right to collect unpaid fees due to the department pursuant to 9VAC20-160-65.

B. The department shall be entitled to receive and use, upon request, copies of any and all information developed by or on behalf of the participant as a result of work performed pursuant to participation in the program, after application has been made to the program whether the program is satisfactorily completed or terminated.

9VAC20-160-110. Certification of satisfactory completion of remediation.

A. The department shall issue a certificate when:

1. The participant has demonstrated that migration of contamination has been stabilized;

2. The participant has demonstrated that the site has met the applicable remediation levels and will continue to meet the applicable remediation levels in the future for both onsite and offsite receptors;

3. All provisions of the approved remedial action plan as applicable have been completed;

4. All applicable requirements of the regulations have been completed; and

5. The department accepts all work submitted, as set forth in 9VAC20-160-70. ; and

6. All registration fees due to the department pursuant to 9VAC20-160-55, 9VAC20-160-60, and 9VAC20-160-65 have been received by the department.

B. The issuance of the certificate shall constitute immunity to an enforcement action under the Virginia Waste Management Act (§ 10.1-1400 et seq. of the Code of Virginia), the Virginia State Water Control Law (§ 62.1-44.2 et seq. of the Code of Virginia), the Virginia Air Pollution Control Law (§ 10.1-1300 et seq. of the Code of Virginia), or other applicable Virginia law for the releases described in the certificate.

C. A site shall be deemed to have met the requirements for unrestricted use if the remediation levels, based on either background or standard residential exposure factors, have been attained throughout the site and in all media. Attainment of these levels will allow the site to be given an unrestricted use classification. No remediation techniques or land use controls that require ongoing management may be employed to achieve this classification.

D. For sites that do not achieve the unrestricted use classification, land use controls may be proffered in order to develop remediation levels based on restricted use. The restrictions imposed upon a site may be media-specific, may vary according to site-specific conditions, and may be applied to limit present and future use. All controls necessary to attain the restricted use classification shall be described in the certificate as provided in this section. Land use controls accepted by the department for use at the site are considered remediation for the purposes of this chapter.

E. If a use restriction is specified in the certificate, the participant shall cause the certificate to be recorded among the land records in the office of the clerk of the circuit court for the jurisdiction in which the site is located within 90 days of execution of the certificate by the department, unless a longer period is specified in the certificate. If the certificate does not include any use restriction, recordation of the certificate is at the option of the participant. The immunity accorded by the certificate shall apply to the participant and shall run with the land identified as the site.

F. The immunity granted by issuance of the certificate shall be limited to the known releases as described in the certificate ]. The immunity is further conditioned upon satisfactory performance by the participant of all obligations required by the department under the program and upon the veracity, accuracy, and completeness of the information submitted to the department by the participant relating to the site. Specific limitations of the certificate shall be enumerated in the certificate. The immunity granted by the certificate shall be dependent upon the identification of the nature and extent of contamination as presented in the Voluntary Remediation Report.

G. The certificate shall specify the conditions for which immunity is being accorded, including, but not limited to:

1. A summary of the information that was considered;

2. Any restrictions on future use;

3. Any local land use controls on surrounding properties that were taken into account;

4. Any proffered land use controls; and

5. Any post-certificate monitoring.

H. The certificate may be revoked by the department in any of the following situations, provided that (i) the department has given the owner written notice of the deficiency and (ii) the owner has failed to cure the deficiency within 60 days of the date of the written notice or some longer period granted by the department.

1. In the event that conditions at the site, unknown at the time of issuance of the certificate, pose a risk to human health or the environment;

2. In the event that the certificate was based on information that was false, inaccurate, or misleading; or

3. In the event that the conditions of the certificate have not been met or maintained.

I. The certificate is not and shall not be interpreted to be a permit or a modification of an existing permit or administrative order issued pursuant to state law, nor shall it in any way relieve the participant of its obligation to comply with any other federal or state law, regulation or administrative order. Any new permit or administrative order, or modification of an existing permit or administrative order, must be accomplished in accordance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations.

J. The issuance of the certificate shall not preclude the department from taking any action authorized by law for failure to meet a requirement of the program or for liability arising from future activities at the site that result in the release of contaminants.

K. The issuance of the certificate by the department shall not constitute a waiver of the Commonwealth's sovereign immunity unless otherwise provided by law.