[1] See, e.g., Va. Code § 67-102(A)(6) (it is Virginia policy to “[p]romote the generation of electricity through technologies that do not contribute to greenhouse gases and global warming”); 34 Va. Reg. Regs. 924 (Jan. 8, 2018) (proposed regulation for carbon dioxide emissions trading programs).
[2] Va. Code § 67-102(A)(11).
[3] See Gov. Terence R. McAuliffe, Exec. Order 73, Establishment of An Advisory Council on Environmental Justice (2017).
[4] See U.S. EPA, Summary of Executive Order 12898 - Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations, https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-executive-order-12898-federal-actions-address-environmental-justice (last visited Aug. 24, 2018).
[5] See Gov. Philip D. Murphy, Exec. Order 23 (2018), available at https://nj.gov/infobank/eo/056murphy/pdf/EO-23.pdf.
[6] Liane M. Randolph, Powering California’s future: What role does natural gas play as we move toward nearly GHG-free electricity? Utility Dive (Aug. 16, 2018), https://www.utilitydive.com/news/powering-californias-future-what-role-does-natural-gas-play-as-we-move-to/530238/ (“Members of these communities are right to question how often [gas-fired power plants] must run, how necessary they actually are for reliability, how much it costs to replace them with resources that do not emit pollution and how California plans to retire them over the long term.”).
[7] See Commonwealth of Va., Dept. of Mines Minerals & Energy, Virginia Energy Plan, Section 12 - Recommendations 1-2 (2014), available at https://dmme.virginia.gov/de/LinkDocuments/2014_VirginiaEnergyPlan/VEP2014.pdf.
[8] Id. at 1.
[9] Jim Lazar and Wilson Gonzalez, Smart Rate Design for a Smart Future 11 (2015).
[10] Id. at 26.
[11] Id. at 11.
[12] See VA Code § 56-594(B) (Under current law, net metering is available to any “customer that owns and operates, or contracts with other persons to own, operate, or both” an electrical generating facility using renewable energy as its source of fuel, with certain limitations.) (emphasis added).
[13] Solar Energy Industries Association, Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC), https://www.seia.org/initiatives/solar-investment-tax-credit-itc (last visited Aug. 23, 2018).
[14] Id.
[15] 2017 Va. Acts Ch. 803 (April 5, 2017).
[16] Commonwealth of Va., Dept. of Mines Minerals & Energy, Virginia Energy Plan, Section 12 - Recommendations 1 (2014), available at https://dmme.virginia.gov/de/LinkDocuments/2014_VirginiaEnergyPlan/VEP2014.pdf.
[17] Jim Lazar and Wilson Gonzalez, Smart Rate Design for a Smart Future 11 (2015).
[18] VA Code § 56-594(B).
[19] Commonwealth of Va., Dept. of Mines Minerals & Energy, Virginia Energy Plan, Section 12 - Recommendations 2 (2014), available at https://dmme.virginia.gov/de/LinkDocuments/2014_VirginiaEnergyPlan/VEP2014.pdf.
[20] See VA Code § 56-585.1:3.
[21] Solar Energy Industries Association, North Carolina Solar, https://www.seia.org/state-solar-policy/north-carolina-solar (last visited Aug. 23, 2018).
[22] Solar Energy Industries Association, Virginia Solar, https://www.seia.org/state-solar-policy/virginia-solar (last visited Aug. 23, 2018).
[23] Chris MacCracken and Aaron Geschiere, More State Are Embracing Renewable Energy Development, ICF (July 25, 2017), https://www.icf.com/blog/energy/more-states-embracing-renewable-energy-development.
[24] Solar Energy Industries Association, North Carolina Solar, https://www.seia.org/state-solar-policy/north-carolina-solar (last visited Aug. 23, 2018).
[25] Nat’l Conference of State Legislatures, State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals (July 20, 2018), http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx.
[26] Id.
[27] Maggie Molina, Patrick Kiker, and Seth Nowak, ACEEE, The Greatest Energy Story You Haven’t Heard (2016) available at http://aceee.org/research-report/u1604.
[28] ACEEE, State Energy Efficiency Resource Standards 1 (2017), available at https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/state-eers-0117.pdf.
[29] Id. at 2.
[30] See ACEEE, State and Local Policy Database, https://database.aceee.org/state/virginia (last visited Aug. 24, 2018).
[31] Id.
[32] See generally Fed. Energy Regulatory Comm’n, Mountain Valley Project and Equitrans Expansion Project Final Environmental Impact Statement (2017); Fed. Energy Regulatory Comm’n, Atlantic Coast Pipeline and Supply Header Project Final Environmental Impact Statement (2017).
[33] See, e.g., Key-Log Economics, LLC, Economics of the Mountain Valley Pipeline, http://keylogeconomics.com/projectsandpublications/mvpcosts/ (last visited Aug. 24, 2018).
[34] See Rachel Wilson, et al., Synapse Energy Economics, Inc., Are the Atlantic Coast Pipeline and the Mountain Valley Pipeline Necessary? (2016), available at https://www.southernenvironment.org/uploads/words_docs/2016_09_12_Synapse_Report_-_Are_the_ACP_and_MVP_Necessary__FINAL.PDF; Cathy Kunkel and Tom Sanzillo, Institute for Energy Economics & Financial Analysis, Risks Associated with Natural Gas Pipeline Expansion in Appalachia (2016), available at http://ieefa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Risks-Associated-With-Natural-Gas-Pipeline-Expansion-in-Appalachia-_April-2016.pdf.
[35] In re: Virginia Electric and Power Company’s Integrated Resource Plan filing, Case No. PUR-2017-00051, Direct Testimony and exhibits of Gregory Lander at 2, 10-21 (August 11, 2017), available at http://www.scc.virginia.gov/docketsearch/DOCS/3gy601!.PDF.
[36] Warren Cornwall, Natural gas could warm the planet as much as coal in the short term, Science (June 21, 2018), http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/06/natural-gas-could-warm-planet-much-coal-short-term.
[37] See VA Code § 67-102(A)(5).